辽宁省沈阳市第二十一中学高一英语（外研版必修2）课件：MODULE 4-GRAMMAR.ppt

1、Module 4Fine Arts Western,Chinese and Pop Arts动名词(the-ing form)和不定式(infinitive)都能作宾语，用动名词还是用不定式要受前边的动词限制。一、只能接动名词作宾语，常见的动词有：avoid,admit,advise,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,forbid,give up,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,permit,resist,risk,suggest等。例如：I am considering changing my plan.We dont permit sm

2、oking here but you are allowed to smoke here.二、只能接不定式的动词有：要求、希望、想要一类的动词。如：hope,wish,expect,intend(想要)，ask,demand；同意一类的动词。如：agree,promise；愿不愿意一类的动词。如：care(愿意)，refuse 等；决定、企图一类的动词。如：determine,decide,offer,attempt,manage,hesitate 等。外加 plan,pretend,fail。三、即可接不定式，又可接动名词，意思上无多大差别的有：begin,start,love,hate,c

3、ontinue,need,require,want,like。别外 require,want(需要)，need 这三个词都表示“需要”，指客观事物需要时，虽接不定式和动名词意义上无区别，但动名词用主动形式，不定式用被动形式。例如：The desks need repairing.The desks need to be repaired.四、接不定式和接动名词意义上有很大差别，常见的有：remember,forget,regret,try,mean。这些动词还可分为两类，remember,forget,regret 是接动名词和不定式含义不同；regret,try 和 mean 是因本身词义的

4、不同，分别要求接不定式或动名词。例如：I remember locking the door.Remember to lock the door when you leave.剩下的可按以下口诀来记：想要干，同意办；愿不愿意，别假扮，问问看，一旦决定，尽量干。They decided to do the experiment again.Tom failed to pass the examination.Suggested answers (P 35)The verbs that can be followed by the-ing form：like，enjoy，hate，dislike，

5、love The verbs that can be followed by the infinitive：like，decide，hope，agree，hate，love，plan，refuse，aim，attempt，promise，learn不定式不定式属于非限定动词。它除了不能作谓语外，在句中可以充当任何成分。不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。下面说说作目的状语和宾语的情况。不定式在句中作目的状语，常译成“为了”。不定式一般放在被修饰词之后，但为了强调目的也可放在句首。为了加强语气，不定式前还可加上in order或so as,即构成短语：in order to,so a

6、s to。We should do whatever we can to help them.We got up early in order to catch the school bus.We took an umbrella so as not to get wet.不定式在句中作宾语：能以不定式作宾语的动词有很多，如：agree,aim,attempt,begin,decide,expect,forget,hope,learn,like,manage,pretend,seem,try,start,want,wish等。Pop art aimed to show ordinary twe

7、ntieth-century city life.I hope to see you again.He decided to take part in the sports meet in the end.注意：1.动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，它的否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。2.He came to school by taxi this morning so as not to be late again.2.有些动词常用带疑问词的不定式作宾语，例如：teach,remember,advise,show,know,forget,learn,understand,see,he

8、ar,find out,explain,decide,discuss等。Can you tell me how to get to the station?They havent decided when to leave so far.动词的-ing形式动词的-ing形式是一种非限定动词。从性质上讲，动词的-ing形式相当于名词、形容词或副词，因此在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补或状语。动词-ing形式作主语Painting is difficult for me.I think drawing is a lot easier.动词-ing形式作表语Seeing is believing.M

9、y favorite hobby is jogging.动词-ing形式作介词宾语Thank you for helping me with my English.The new students are used to getting up early.动词-ing形式作状语时常表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状态。动词-ing形式的完成式用“having+过去分词”表示，它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，在句中主要表示时间和原因。Having worked there for thirty years,Haydn moved to London.Having turned off the

10、TV,Tom began to read newspaper.Having been to the Great Wall many times,I didnt go there yesterday.注意：1.动词的-ing形式作主语，有时也可用于“It is+-ing形式”结构。It作形式主语，作真正主语的动词的-ing形式放在句末。2.It is no use talking too much.3.Its nice talking to you.2.不要把作表语的动词-ing形式与进行时态相混淆。动词-ing形式作表语表示主语的某种特征，而进行时态则表示正在进行的动作。My favorite

11、 sport is skating.（我所喜爱的运动时滑冰。）Im skating on the ice now.（我正在冰面上滑冰。）3.介词to常会与不定式中的to香混淆，在此提醒注意。常见的含有介词to的短语有：be used to,come to,devote to,get down to,lead to,look forward to,pay attention to,refer to,stick to等。Im looking forward to meeting you.After a short rest,he got down to doing his homework.1.I

12、t took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car.A.repairing B.repair C.to repair D.repaired A2.Its no good _ over split milk.A.to cry B.crying C.cried D.cry B3.Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month?Will you please remember _it tomorrow?A.borrowing;to bring B.to borrow;bring C.borrowed;br

13、inging D.borrowing;bringingA4.The classroom wants _.A.clean B.cleaned C.to clean D.cleaning D5.Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us.A.to wait B.wait C.waiting D.waited C6.My brother keeps _ me with my work.A.to help B.help C.helping D.helpedC7.We should often practice _ English with each other.A.

14、to speak B.spoke C.speak D.speaking D8.Keep on _ and you will succeed.A.a try B.try C.to try D.tryingD9.His parents insist on _ to college.A.he should go B.he go C.his going D.him to go C10._ provides us with essential nutrients,while _ provides us with oxygen.A.To eat;breathing B.Eating;to breathe

15、C.Eating;breathing D.Eaten;breathed C11.He attended the party without _.A.invited B.inviting C.having invited D.being invitedD12.Mary was unhappy for _ the first chance to go abroad.A.not having been given B.not having given C.not giving D.having been given A（2012安徽高考）I remembered _ the door before

16、I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.A.locking B.to lock C.having locked D.to have lockedA（2012安徽高考）When _ for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.A.asking B.asked C.having asked D.to be askedB（2012全国高考I）The party will be held in the

17、 garden,weather _.A.permitting B.to permit C.permitted D.permitA（2012全国高考I）Film has a much shorter history,especially when _ such art forms as music and painting.A.having compared to B.comparing to C.compare to D.compared toD（2012北京高考）One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A.corrects B.correct C.to correct D.correctingD（2012重庆高考）_ to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonder film.A.Having been asked D.To ask C.Having asked D.To be askedA（2012天津高考）He got up late and hurried to his office,_ the breakfast untouched.A.left B.to leave C.leaving D.having leftC