2021届通用版高考英语一轮语法复习专练学案：考点二代词和介词练习 WORD版含解析.doc

1、考点二代词和介词限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a productmaking factory into a productmaking power, _ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.答案：one句意：“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。one表示泛指，相当于“a(n)名词”，指代的是同类事物中的“一个”。2To his del

2、ight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then _ of his colleagues.答案：that句意：让他高兴的是，汤姆很快就获得了他老板的信任，然后是他同事们的信任。根据句意可知此处指代同类异物的不可数名词trust，用that。3I know you want to borrow money, but I dont have _ at hand myself.答案：anyany此处为代词，意为“一点，一些”，用于否定句中。4_ who are able to work through the struggle are t

3、he ones who are going to be successful.答案：Those句意：那些拼搏工作的人，就是将会成功的人。句中缺少定语从句的先行词，根据句中主句和从句动词are可知先行词用复数，指代那些人。5Due to _ humor and irony (反语), Xiangsheng has spread far and wide. 答案：its句意：由于具有幽默与讽刺的效果，相声广为流传。根据空后的“humor and irony (反语)”可知，空处应用形容词性物主代词，指代“它(相声)的”。6All in all, every student should behav

4、e _ and keep away from violence. 答案：himself此处behave oneself为固定搭配，意为“举止得当”，此处需要用反身代词himself。7The company and the effect _ brought about did a great deal of good to our business in the market.答案：it句意：这家公司及其所带来的影响对我们的业务有很大的好处。句中的it代指the company, it brought about为定语从句，修饰先行词the effect。关系词作brought about的宾

5、语，此处省略了关系词which或that。8The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with _ of nature.答案：those句意：这个问题应该谨慎处理，以便平衡人和自然的需要。此处与前面的the needs呼应，指自然界的需求，所以用those来指代。9Tom was at the end of the team, for his luggage is heavier than _ of his friends.答案：that句意：汤姆落在队伍的最后，因为他的行李比队友的(

6、行李)重。此处应用that代指前面同类异物的不可数名词luggage。10Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?$4,000, or _ like that.答案：something句意：你算出这次旅游将会花多少钱了吗？差不多4,000美元。something like “大约”，为固定结构。11He is recognized as the leading character in the field of physics and so far remains second to _.答案：none句意：他被公认为物理学的领军人物，

7、至今仍然首屈一指。be/remain second to none “首屈一指”，是固定短语。12_ of your parents has to come to sign the papers because your signature doesnt count.答案：Either句意：你的父母要有一方来在试卷上签字，因为你的签名不算数。根据谓语动词has to可知主语为单数，故用either，意为“(两者中的)任一个”。13It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke t

8、he language.答案：neither由于hard表示“困难的”，暗指父母都不会说这种语言，故空格处用neither “两者都不”，表示否定含义。14A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! Its _ (I)” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.答案：me/mine此空需填表语。由下文可知，此处表示一名女士惊呼，“是我丢东西了/那是我的箱子”，故填me/mine。15What seems to be a good thing to one person m

9、ay be a bad thing to _.答案：another句意：同样一件事对于一个人来说似乎是好事，而对于另外一个人来说可能就是坏事。another指三个或三个以上中的另外一个。16September 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill.答案：by句意：9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。此处by意为“不迟于，在之前”。17The little red house looks so beautiful _ the green woods.答案：against句意：这座红色的小屋在翠绿的树林的衬托下显得如此美丽。against “在衬

10、托下，以为背景”。18Sorry, madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _ the visiting hours now.答案：beyond句意：对不起，夫人。你最好明天来，因为现在已经超过探视时间了。beyond意为“在较远的一边，超出”，符合句意。19Our school has developed various beneficial sports activities _ classes to refresh students.答案：between句意：在课间休息时，我们学校开发了各种各样的有益的体育活动来让学生放松。between

11、用于两者之间，也可指多个事物中的两者之间；among用于三者或三者以上。课间是指两节课之间，因此应用between。20_ all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.答案：Of句意：在所有我养过的动物中，这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。此处of用来表示范围，意为“在之中”。21The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.答案：with句意：在第五届汉语

12、演讲比赛中，那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。with “有，具有”。22The driver managed to escape _ the vehicle and gave a warningplease bypass the accident car.答案：from句意：那名司机设法从车里逃了出来并发出警告事故车辆，请绕行。escape from “从逃出”。23This view is common _ all sections of the community.答案：across句意：这个观点在社会的各个阶层都非常普遍。across “遍及，在各处”。across all

13、 sections of the community意为“遍及各个阶层”。24What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant _ another?答案：over句意：你选择饭店的主要原因是什么？over强调比较的概念，表“胜过”。25Some people use handwritten letters in preference _ typing because theyre more personal and represent your sincerity.答案：to句意：一些人使用手写的书信，而不是打印信件，因为手写信件更私人化

14、，也代表你的真诚。in preference to意为“而不是；优先于”。26Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _ putting too much pressure on them.答案：without句意：父母需要在不给孩子们施加太多压力的情况下鼓励他们发展自己的潜能。without “没有”。without doing sth. “没有做某事”。27Star skater Wu Dajing won Chinas first gold medal at the 2019 PyeongChang Olympi

15、c Winter Games _ breaking world record in short track mens 500m.答案：by句意：明星速滑运动员武大靖在2019平昌冬季奥运会赢得中国第一枚金牌，打破了男子500米短道速滑的世界纪录。by doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“凭借/通过做某事”，根据句意可知填by。28Just hang the towel _ the back of the chair so that it will dry soon.答案：over句意：把毛巾挂在椅背上，这样它很快就会晾干。over “在上面”。表示椅背上面，故填over。29Although

16、 the price has gone up by 5%, its still _ the limit set by the government.答案：within句意：虽然价格已经上涨了5%，但是仍然在政府设定的限度之内。within “在之内”，符合句意。30In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them _ the air.答案：in句意：在北美聋人文化中，许多听众不是通过拍手而是通过在高空中挥动双手以表示鼓

17、掌。in the air “在空中”。二、单句改错1We asked both John and Mary about this problem, but none could offer a satisfactory suggestion._答案：noneneithernone指“三者或三者以上都不”，根据句意，此处是指“两者都不”，故应用neither。2Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need it to complete the things you want to do._答案：itthem前面提

18、到tools like a knife or a hammer, them代替前面的tools，因此将it改为them。3There are shops on all sides of the street._答案：allbothall表示“(三者或三者以上)都”，both表示“(两者)都”。在道路两侧应用both。4I would appreciate you if you could come to my grandmas birthday party and say “Hello” to her._答案：第一个youit动词appreciate后不能直接接从句，需要借助于代词it作形式宾

19、语，然后再接从句。5Farmer though he is, he has become a huge success as a singer, whose story is really that of great inspiration._答案：thatone句意：尽管出身农民，他已经成了一位非常成功的歌手，他的故事真的非常鼓舞人心。这里应该用one，指代前面的story，表泛指，指代词类事物中的一个。后跟介词短语作定语，相当于a story of great inspiration。6We must find ways to protect your environment._答案：yo

20、urour/the句意：我们必须要找到保护环境的方法。根据句子结构及语意可知，这里指“保护我们的环境”，与we相对应，故应用our。也可填定冠词the，特指“我们生活的环境”。7I wanted to give you some bread, but nothing was left._答案：nothingnone句意：我想给你一些面包，但是没有剩下。none可以指没有一个(事物)，也可指没有一个人。nothing指什么也没有，不但没有面包，其他的食物也没有。8Jennifer believes she will move out on her own when she is financia

21、lly able to support her._答案：第二个herherself句意：詹妮弗相信，当她在经济上自己有能力养活自己时就会搬出去单住。这里强调的是主语本身，作宾语，故用反身代词herself。9She moved back home to care about her elderly parents._答案：aboutfor句意：她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。care for “照料”，care about “在乎”。10Once its down by black and white, you cant forget it. _答案：byin句意：一旦白纸黑字写下来，你就不会忘

22、记了。in black and white “白纸黑字”。11Please help with me and give me some advice._答案：去掉with句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。help为及物动词，故去掉with。12I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party._答案：anythingsomething句意：我想在他退休聚会上为他做些特别的事情。肯定句中用something。13We went to swim in the river in a very hot day._答案：第二个in

23、on表示在具体的某一天用介词on。14More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities in lack of space._答案：第二个infor句意：因为缺乏空间，大城市里建起了越来越多的高层建筑。for lack of固定短语，意为“因为缺乏”。15Under your help, I finished my job on time._答案：UnderWith句意：在你的帮助下，我按时完成了我的工作。with ones help相当于with the help of sb. 是固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”。代词

24、一、代词的分类用来代替名词或起名词作用的词叫作代词。英语中的代词可分为九类。分类代词人称代词主格：I, you, he, she, it, we, they宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, them物主代词形容词性：my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, themselves, ourselves指示代词this, that, th

25、ese, those不定代词one, some, any, each, none, all, both, neither, either, other, another, no one/nobody, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, something, anything, nothing, everything相互代词each other, one another疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whatever连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, which

26、ever, whatever关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as二、常考代词的用法1it, that, those, one代词用法it指代上文提到的同一事物that特指同类异物的可数名词单数或不可数名词，只指物，通常有范围限定thosethose相当于the ones，只指代可数名词复数，可指人，也可指物one泛指同类异物的可数名词，单数用one，复数用onesI cannot find my watch. I must have lost it.The weather here is much better than that in Beijing.M

27、y pen is broken. I must buy one.2both, either, neither, all, any, some, none, no one指代范围代词用法两者both意为“两者都”，是对两者的肯定either意为“(两者中)任一个”，表示二选一neither意为两者“都不”，是对两者的全部否定三者或三者以上all意为“全部”，指代或修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词any意为“任何一个”，指代或修饰可数名词单数；意为“一些”，后面接复数名词或不可数名词，一般用于否定或疑问句中some意为“一些”，后接复数名词或不可数名词，一般用于肯定句中none意为“全无，没有一点”，

28、指代可数名词复数或不可数名词指物或人，其后可接表示范围的of . 回答how many/how much的提问no one意为“没有人”，只指人其后不接表示范围的of . 回答who的提问Both of his parents are teachers.You can take either of the pictures, whichever you like.Neither of us could understand German.All are happy to know the news.We had three cats once but none (of them) is ali

29、ve now.3another, other, the other, the others, others代词用法another三者或三者以上中的另一个other“其他的”，只作定语，常与复数名词连用。other students “其他的学生”the other两者中的另一个。常与one连用，构成：one . the other . “一个，另一个”the others为the other的复数形式，特指其余的人或物others泛指别的人或物Will you show me another? I dont like its color.She has two sisters. One is

30、a lawyer and the_other is a manager.Why are only three of you here? Where are the_others?Dont cut in when others speak.限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1(2020浙江高考)The answer _ this question is not clear.答案：tothe answer to . “的答案”。2(2020天津高考)A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happi

31、er than _ who are not.答案：those本空指代前面的复数名词the students，同时为后面who引导的定语从句的先行词，此时应该用表示特指的指示代词those。3(2020北京高考)Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to _ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”答案：myselfwhisper to sb.“低声对某人说”，此处指代主语I，故用反身代词myself。4(2020全国卷)In their cages the monkeys were provid

32、ed _ touch screens.答案：withprovide sb. with sth. “供应某人某物”，故填with。5(2020湖北省黄冈市高三质量检测)An ongoing challenge _ farmers is finding ways to keep other insects away.答案：for句意：农民面临的一个持续的挑战是找到方法来驱赶其他昆虫。for“对来说”。6(2020南昌市重点中学高三年级段考)And improved body condition makes _ easy for you to carry out daily tasks.答案：it分

33、析句子结构可知，空处应用it作形式宾语，句中形容词作宾语补足语，后面的不定式是真正的宾语。7(2020石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)Tangseng and his three companions went through adventurous experiences to get the scriptures (经文), which could be beneficial _ the people.答案：tobe beneficial to sb./sth. “对某事/某人是有利的”为固定搭配。8(2019全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened

34、 each other, I was just glad to find _ (they) alive.答案：them人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。9(2019浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.答案：it此处it作形式主语，指代后面真正的主语，即不定式to eat out。10(2019浙江高考)If you are not going to

35、 suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.答案：for句意：如果你不打算遭遇这种问题，那么我建议下一次你去你母亲家吃饭的时候，从她那里获取几个烹饪的秘诀。去妈妈家吃饭，表示目的，故填for。11(2019全国卷)Wang Shu, a 49yearold Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prizewhich is of

36、ten referred _ as the Nobel Prize in architectureon February 28. 答案：to句意：在2月28日，49岁的中国建筑师王澍获得了2012年普利兹克建筑奖，该奖项被誉为“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”。refer to . (as . ) “提到；谈及；说起”。12(2019北京高考)Good morning, Mr Lees office. Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.答案：for此处表示“我”想预约星期三下午(的时间)。make

37、an appointment for后接时间，意为“约定于”。故此处用介词for。13(2019天津高考)The people in the hall seemed very nosy (爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me _ curiosity.答案：with句意：客厅的人们很爱窥探似的，好奇地一直盯着我。with curiosity “好奇地；带着好奇心”。14(2019江苏高考)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls _ a clear roa

38、d map and timetable.答案：for句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。call for “需要”。15(2017江苏高考)Determining where we are in relation _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.答案：to句意：根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。in relation to “关于，涉及”，符合语境，故此处填to。16(2017天津高考)When you drive through the

39、 Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.答案：among句意：当你开车穿越加利福尼亚州的红杉林时，你会置身于寿命超过一千年的树木之中。among “在当中，为所围绕”，符合语境。故填among。17(2017天津高考)We offer an excellent education to our students. _ return, we expect students to work hard.答案：In句意：我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们希望学生能够努

40、力学习。in return “作为回报，作为报答”。18(2017天津高考)Donations began flooding in _ hundreds of people.答案：from句意：成百上千人的捐赠像潮水般涌来。from“自，从”。19(2020全国卷)It takes a lot for _ student.答案：any句意：对任何一个学生来说，这都需要付出很多。这里any 指任何一个。20(2019全国卷)Many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing _ Chi

41、nese traditions.答案：onfocus on固定短语，意为“聚焦于，集中精力于”。21(2019全国卷)As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old _.答案：ones句意：虽然我们积累了更多的设备，然而，我们并没有扔掉旧设备。devices是一个可数名词，ones替代表泛指的复数名词，故填ones。22(2019全国卷)When it comes _ technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents

42、 looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading.答案：to此处when it comes to表示“提及，谈到”，是固定词组，其中to是介词。23(2019全国卷)The style of the campus is quite different from _ of most Chinese universities.答案：that句意：这个校园的风格与大多数中国大学的风格截然不同。前面style是单数名词，根据后面的定语“of most Chinese universities”可知，that替代前

43、面的style。24(2019天津高考)Theres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come _ focus: food.答案：into句意：3D打印技术开始关注一个新的领域：食物。come into focus “开始关注”。25(2019浙江高考)As the 200th anniversary of Dickens birth approaches, it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made _ a lasting o

44、ne. 答案：himself句意：随着狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念日的临近，让我们一起去了解他是怎么使得自己成为一个永恒的人物的吧，这对我们的文化来说是可能的也是必要的。make himself “使得自己成为”。26(2019江苏高考)There are solutions that could light a path _ a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers cant clumsily put them together before us.答案：towards句意：虽然有指引通向可持续的、公平的农业经济的解决方案，但是农

45、民们不能把这些方案展现在我们面前。towards “通向”，强调方向性。27(2020全国卷)The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for _ season.答案：another句意：教练能够把注意力集中在孩子们身上，而其他父母则因为下个赛季不用再操心而松了口气。another用在“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。28(2020江苏高考)Theres a new indoor play centre, plus the special events

46、 and workshops, and _ during school holidays periods.答案：others句意：这里有一个新的室内游戏中心，还有一些特殊的活动和工作坊，以及学校假期期间的其他活动。others泛指别的人或物。29(2020安徽省黄山市屯溪第一中学高三月考)For meat lovers, a new study has found a link _ how much meat a person eats and an increased risk of premature death.答案：between根据后面的and可知，空格处应填between。30(2

47、020六安市毛坦厂中学高三第一次英语周考)When she died, the mayor of New York said the city would not be what it is today _ her support.答案：without句意：当去世的时候，纽约市长说没有她的支持这个城市不会是现在的样子。根据句意应用介词without。二、单句改错1(2020全国卷)The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated in several mountains._答案：inbetweenbetween一般表示在两个人或事物之间，betwee

48、n用来指在三者或三者以上的人或事物之间时，往往强调一方与其他诸方各自之间的关系。本句中即表示小镇尤坎位于众山之间。故将in改为between。2(2020江苏高考)Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and youll find many to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at the Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery._答案：manymuch

49、句意：巴克斯顿有理由为自己的文化生活感到自豪，在巴克斯顿歌剧院和展览馆艺术中心和格林曼画廊，你会发现许多适合各种品味的艺术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术。此处应用much指代前面的不可数名词“its cultural life”。3(2020贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)We have a grand library on a collection of 200,000 books and 5 large reading rooms._答案：onwith/of此处是介词短语作定语修饰library，表示该图书馆具备什么样的特征，或以什么样的形态存在，故此处应用with或of。4(2020合肥市高三调

50、研性检测)In the afternoon we helped some children do their work, for their parents were too busy to take care of themselves._答案： themselvesthem根据句意可知，该处指代前面的“some children”，作动词短语take care of的宾语，应用宾格them。5(2020河南省焦作市新高三上学期定位考试)Teaching children in English is fine if that is what they speak at home and th

51、eir parents are fluent about it._答案：aboutinbe fluent in “在方面流利”为固定短语。故将about改为in。6(2020江苏高考)Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled someone before._答案：someoneanyonethat从句为否定句，所以要用anyone，表示“任何人”。7(2019全国卷)They arrive at the class at low spirits and they leave wit

52、h a smile._答案：第二个atinin low spirits “情绪低落”。8(2020吉林普通中学一调)Liverpool is also wellknown on its football and other sports events._答案：onfor句意：利物浦还因为它的足球和其他体育赛事而闻名。be wellknown for “因而著名”。9(2020石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)Therefore, the Monkey King as a symbol of being brave and determined is deeply loved by our C

53、hinese._答案：ourus介词后面需跟代词的宾格形式，故将our改为us, us Chinese表示“我们中国人”。10(2019全国卷)I pay 5 on a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil._答案：onforpay . for . 固定短语。意为“因某物付多少钱”。11(2020大同市高三学情调研测试)Known for a national opera, Beijing opera has a long history

54、._答案：foras固定搭配be known as意为“作为而出名”，符合语境；而be known for意为“因闻名”。12(2019全国卷)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals._答案：anotherotheranother指“三者或三者以上的另一个”；other意为“其他的”，作定语修饰后面的名词，所以应该将anther改为other。13(2019全国卷)Still I was unwilling to play the g

55、ames for them sometimes._答案：forwith根据语境，此处表示play sth. with sb. “和某人一起玩”，故将for改为with。14(2019全国卷)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain._答案：usme根据后面的“help my brain”可知，玩扑克牌游戏有助于“我”的大脑，因此这里的意思是“告诉我”，故将us改为me。15(2019全国卷)I had done myself homework but I was shy._答案：myselfmy/the此处

56、意为“我的作业或这次作业”， homework应用形容词性物主代词my或定冠词the修饰。介词及代词it的特殊用法一、介词的用法1表示时间：表示某一具体时刻前用at；表示在具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on；表示在某个较长的时间内，世纪、朝代或年月，泛指的上午、下午、晚上用in; after表示“在之后”；for常与时间段连用，意为“(时间)持续达”。2表示地点、方位：at一般指在较小的地方；in一般指在较大的地方，或在某范围之内；on指在物体的表面，或相邻接壤；to表示不接壤；beside/by表示“在的旁边”；between和among，前者表示“在两者之间”，后者表示“在三

57、者或三者以上之间”。3其他介词(1)表示交通方式的by, in, on“by名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词；但是in, on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰。 He goes to work by_car every day. He goes to work in_his_car every day.(2)表示“用”的by, in, withby侧重方式、方法，多用于表示无形的工具或手段的名词前；in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；with多用于表示有形的工具、表示身体器官的名词前。He earned his living by selling newspapers.Please write

58、 the answer in ink.They are digging with spades.二、代词it的特殊用法1指代时间、距离、天气等It is just five oclock now.After September 23, it is getting dark earlier.In mountainous areas, it is usually cooler in summer.2性别或身份不明或被认为不重要的人或物Who is knocking at the door?It is the milkman.3作形式主语或形式宾语It is said that he has gon

59、e abroad to continue his study.I find it very useful to remember plenty of English idioms.4用于强调结构it没有具体意义，通常用于强调句中的主语、宾语和状语。其基本句型为：Itis/was被强调部分that(被强调的部分是人或物)/who(被强调的部分是人)其他，当被强调部分指人，且为句子宾语时，用whom/that/who强调均可。It_was not until ten oclock that we got home last night.It_was your father that/who/whom I met in the street yesterday.