英语必修Ⅲ外研版MODULE1课件（共61张）GRAMMAR精品.ppt

1、Module 1 EuropeGrammar一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态以及主谓一致【探究寻规】1.用所给动词的适当形式填空。Our classroom _(clean)every day.I _(ask)to study hard.2.选择正确的答案。All things _(is,are)difficult before they are easy.One of my best friends _(is,are)coming to visit me next Sunday.Each boy _(have,has)his own book.is cleanedam askedareish

2、as【语法精点】.一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态一、基础点拨1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。*The floor is dirtied.Lets get it cleaned.地板都被弄脏了。我们擦一擦吧。*A lot of emails are sent by him every day.他每天都发送大量的邮件。2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词。*Such books were written for children in the past.在过去这种书是儿童读物。*Was the song composed by

3、a soldier?这首歌是由一名士兵创作的吗？【名师点津】有些动词或动词短语没有被动语态，如belong to,break out,happen,take place,last,fail,cost等。二、难点突破1.“be+过去分词”是被动语态还是“系表”结构。(1)被动语态表示主语的一个被动的动作，可以带by短语，引出动作的发出者。*The composition is written by the student.这篇作文是由那个学生写的。(2)“系表”结构表示主语的状态或特征，不用by短语。*The composition is well written.这篇作文写得很好。2.用主动形

4、式表达被动意义。(1)一些表示感官的连系动词，如taste(吃起来)，sound(听起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)。*The music sounds very beautiful.这音乐听起来很动听。*The apple tastes very good.这苹果很好吃。(2)一些表示物体特征的常与well或easily连用的词，如sell(销售)，wash(洗)，write(写)。*The fruits sell well in China.这些水果在中国销路很好。*This cloth washes easily.这布容易洗。.主谓一致一、基础点拨在英语句子里，谓语受主语

5、支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。1.语法一致原则。语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。(1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要视表语而定。*The book is of great value.这本书很有价值。*It is necessary to read a lot.多读书有必要。*What I need is one book,while what he needs are two

6、 books.我需要一本书，而他需要两本书。(2)由连接词and或both.and.连接起来的合成主语后面，一般要用复数形式的谓语动词。*To say something and to do it are quite different things.说和做是完全不同的事情。*Both reading and writing are very important.读和写都很重要。【名师点津】and连接的主语用复数吗？(1)若and连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，each，every，more than one，m

7、any a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。*The poet and writer is very popular with us.那位诗人兼作家很受我们的欢迎。*Every boy and every girl was given a gift.每一个男孩和女孩都得到一份礼物。(3)当主语后面跟有with,along with,together with,as well as,including,but,in addition to 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。*His brothers,as well as him,are coming to see you.不

8、仅是他，他的兄弟们也要来看你。*The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老师和一些学生正在参观那家工厂。(4)either，neither，each，every或no+单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。*Almost no one wants to be friends with him.几乎没人想和他交朋友。*Everything is OK now.Lets begin.现在一切就绪。我们开始吧。【名师点津】(1)在口语中，当either或nei

9、ther后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词用单、复数都可以。(2)若neither of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，则谓语动词用单复数均可。*Neither of the texts is(are)interesting.这两篇课文都没有意思。(5)在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。*He has many friends,who are businessmen.他有很多朋友，他们是商人。(6)由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest

10、of，the majority of，half of,a large/small quantity of+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数常常要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。*A large quantity of water is needed.需要大量的水。【名师点津】“large/small quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。*Large quantities of water have been polluted.大量的水已经被污染了。(7)在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。*Look!Here co

11、mes the bus.瞧！汽车来了。*On the wall are many pictures.墙上有很多画。2.意义一致原则。意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。(1)集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据主语的意义来决定。谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体。这些词有family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience，government，group，team等。*The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。*The family are watching TV.

12、全家人正在看电视。但集合名词people，police，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。*The cattle are grazing in the fields.牛在田野里吃草。(2)代词some，rest，more，most，enough，all，what，which，who等词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由代词指代的词的单复数决定。*The rest of the water is for you.剩下的水是给你的。*The rest of the students are in the classroom.其余的学生都在教室里。(3)表示金钱、时间、距离、长度、体积、面积、重

13、量、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语动词一般用单数。*Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.允许三周的时间来做必要的准备。(4)many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。*Many a person has read the novel.很多人读过这本小说。*More than one student is against the plan.不止一个学生反对这个计划。(5)“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用

14、复数；表示某一类事物时，谓语动词常用单数。*The injured have been cured and the lost have been found.伤者已被治愈，失踪者已被找到。(6)若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。*The Arabian Nights is an interesting storybook.天方夜谭是一本有趣的故事书。(7)表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词多用单数形式。*One and a half years has passed since I met him las

15、t year.自从我去年遇见他已经过去一年半了。(8)在四则运算中，谓语动词常用单数，也可用复数。*Two and two is/are four.二加二等于四。(9)一 些 学 科 名 词 是 以-ics结 尾 的，如 mathematics，politics，physics以及news，works等，都属于形式上是复数实际意义为单数的名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。*The paper-making works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。(10)trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但如果这

16、些词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。*My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。*The pair of shoes under the bed is his.床下的那双鞋是他的。3.就近一致原则。谓语动词在人称和数上与最近的主语保持一致，即为就近一致原则。(1)由or,either.or.,neither.nor.或not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，通常使用就近一致原则。这一原则也适用于疑问句。*Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。*

17、Is either he or you a teacher?他还是你是老师？(2)there,here引导的句子，其主语是一系列事物时，使用就近一致原则。*There is a pen and several books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。二、难点突破 “one of+复数名词”引导的定语从句中谓语动词的确定【名师点津】“one of+复数名词”引导的定语从句中关系代词作主语时，若one前有the only,the very,(just)the时,one是先行词，定语从句中谓语动词用单数；若没有，那么of后的复数名词为先行词，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数。*He i

18、s one of the students who are working hard.他是那些努力学习的学生中的一员。*He is the only one of the students who is working hard.他是那些学生中唯一一个努力学习的。【高考体验】.时态、语态的解题步骤：1.掌握时态的基本用法；2.理解句意，结合句子中给出的具体时间或句子中隐含的时间信息，确定使用哪种时态；3.分析句子结构，注意句子的主语与谓语动词之间的主被动关系；4.分析选项，确定最符合语境的答案。.主谓一致解题步骤：1.掌握主谓一致三原则；2.弄清句子结构，确定句子主语；3.根据主谓一致原则，确

19、定正确选项。1.(2013北京高考)So what is the procedure?All the applicants _ before a final decision is made by the authority.A.interview B.are interviewingC.are interviewed D.are being interviewed解题关键：注意语境，且主语和interview之间是被动关系思路分析：选C。考查时态和语态。句意：那么程序是什么呢？所有的申请人在官方做出最终决定之前都要被面试。由上下语境可知说话人在陈述一项规定，故用一般现在时，且主语与inter

20、view之间是被动关系，选C。2.(2012北京高考)Have you heard about that fire in the market?Yes,fortunately no one _.A.hurt B.was hurtC.has hurt D.had been hurt解题关键：that fire发生在过去思路分析：选B。句意：你听说市场上的那场火灾了吗？是的，幸运的是，没有人受伤。由Have you heard可知火灾已经发生是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。no one和谓语动词hurt之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故选B项。易错误区:学生易误选选项A。没有正确理解句意，火灾是在过去

21、发生的，当然人的受伤也是在过去；另外hurt作“受伤”讲时，为及物动词。3.(2010北京高考)In the spoken English of some areas in the US,the “r”sounds at the end of the words _.A.are dropped B.dropC.are being dropped D.have dropped解题关键：理解口语中省略现象存在的客观性思路分析：选A。句意：在美国的一些地区，在英语口语中，词尾的“r”音经常被省略。又因为drop和主语the“r”sounds 之间是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，可排除B、D两项。又因为

22、单词的尾音省略是一种现象，所以是经常发生的，而不是正在发生的，不能用现在进行时，因此可排除C项。4.(2012陕西高考)The basketball coach,as well as his team,_ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.A.were B.was C.is D.are解题关键：当主语与谓语动词之间插入as well as短语时,谓语动词依然和前面的主语保持一致。思路分析：选B。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:比赛后不久,那位篮球教练和他的队员们因为他们出色的表现而受到了采访。主

23、语后接as well as短语作插入语时,谓语动词形式不受其影响。这里的主语The basketball coach是单数,所以谓语动词应该用单数。再根据句意可知事情已经发生,所以用过去时,排除C和D。故选B项，符合题意。易错误区:选项A，如果不知道as well as连接两个名词和代词作主语的原则，在本题中很容易根据句意误把The basketball coach,as well as his team二者当作是主语，选复数谓语动词。5.(2012湖南高考)All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in fa

24、rming _ damaging our health.A.show;are B.shows;areC.show;is D.shows;is解题关键：主语evidence为不可数名词以及宾语从句中的主语为动名词短语increasing use of chemicals。思路分析：选D。考查主谓一致。句意：所有的科学证据都表明在农业生产中越来越多地使用化学物品对我们的健康有害。evidence为不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数;题干中第二个空格的主语是动名词短语，动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数,故D项正确。.单项填空1.(2013昆明高一检测)When the new factory _,t

25、here will be many new jobs for graduates.A.will be built B.has builtC.is built D.will have been built【解析】选C。考查时态与语态。句意：当新工厂建成时，将会有很多的工作提供给毕业生。when引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作，factory和build之间为被动关系，故选C项。2.(2013重庆高一检测)After the accident,the police _ to help the wounded people.A.was called in B.were called

26、 inC.called on D.called【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意：事故发生后，警察被调来帮助受伤的人们。call in召集，符合句意，可排除C、D项；当police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故选B项。3.(2013北京高一检测)She is one of the girls who _ in the kindergarten.A.is well paid B.are well paidC.is paying well D.are paying well【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意：她是幼儿园里收入很高的女孩之一。在“one of+复数名词”引导的定语从句中关系代词作主

27、语时，若one前有the only,the very,(just)the时,one是先行词，定语从句谓语动词用单数；若没有，那么of后的复数名词为先行词，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数，可排除A、C项；根据句意可知先行词the girls和pay之间为被动关系，故选B项。【变式训练】He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.areC.has been D.have been【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意：他是学生们中唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的人。先行词被the

28、only来修饰，定语从句指代的是the only one，从句中谓语动词的数跟先行词保持一致，需用单数形式；再结合句子语境可知用一般现在时，故答案选A。4.(2013汕头高一检测)In 1998,when he was only 19,Bill _ to 5 years in prison for his acts of violence.A.sentenced B.had sentencedC.was sentenced D.had been sentenced【解析】选C。根据时间状语in 1998可知要用一般过去时；根据句意“在1998年，贝尔仅19岁时，由于暴力行为被判刑5年。”可知主

29、语和谓语动词sentence之间为被动关系，故选C项。5.(2013三门峡高一检测)Frank,with his two sisters,_ London by train which _ at 8:30 tomorrow morning.A.is leaving for;will leave B.are leaving for;leavesC.is leaving for;leaves D.will leave for;will leave【解析】选C。考查主谓一致。当主语与谓语动词之间插入with,together with,but,in addition to,as well as等短语

30、时,谓语动词依然和前面的主语保持一致。根据此原则可排除B项；定语从句中谓语动词是按照时刻表将要进行的动作，故用一般现在时表示将来。可排除A、D，故选C。6.A series of books in the library _ been stolen so that the number of them _ smaller than before.A.has;is B.have;isC.has;are D.have;are【解析】选A。如果主语由“a series of,a portion of,a pile of,a panel of+名 词”或 由“a kind/sort/type of,t

31、his kind/sort/type of+名词”构成，谓语动词通常用单数。“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选A。【变式训练】_ the students who took part in the training is 450.A.A number of B.A lot ofC.Lots of D.The number of【解析】选D。根据谓语动词为单数形式，可知选D项。因为前三项之后跟复数名词作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。7.(2013昆明高一检测)No one knows who the cars damaged in the flood _.A

32、.belongs to B.belong toC.belongs D.belong【解析】选B。句意：没有人知道洪水中毁坏的车子属于谁。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中的damaged in the flood作定语修饰主语the cars，故缺少复数形式的谓语动词。而belong to才表示“属于”之意。故选B项。8.“All _ present and all _ going on well,”our monitor said.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are【解析】选C。考查主谓一致。句意：我们的班长说:“所有的人都在现场，一切进展顺利。”第一个all指

33、“所有的人”，所以谓语动词用复数；第二个all指“所有的事情”，代指的是整体，谓语动词用单数，故选C。9.There are two thousand students in this college,and one-third of them _ from the countryside.A.are B.is C.were D.was【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意：这所学院有两千名学生，其中三分之一来自农村。“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词的数取决于名词的单复数。students是可数名词复数，故答案选A。10.Many a man and many a woman _ tha

34、t he or she had a better educationA.wish B.wishesC.do wish D.have wished【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意：很多男女都希望自己得到更好的教育。由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，each，every，more than one，many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。11.In our country,sweet dumplings _ in hot water.A.serve B.serves C.is served D.are served【解析】选D。考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在我们国家，元宵是随

35、汤一起吃的。sweet dumplings与serve之间是逻辑上的 动 宾 关 系，要 用 被 动 语 态；再 结 合 句 子 主 语 sweet dumplings，可知用复数形式，答案选D。12.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.are B.was C.were D.is【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意：昨天团支书兼班长被要求在会议上做报告。由and连接的两个名词只有一个冠词修饰时，两个名词指的是一个人的两种身份，谓语动词用单数。由于动作发生在过去，因此

36、用一般过去时。故选B。.用所给动词的正确形式填空1.A pension reform _(introduce)by the government in 2008.2.She _ usually_(give)a warm hug by her mother as an reward after the progress.3.The children _(take care of)in the school.4.We _(shock)by the news of his death.5.The students _ often _(tell)to attach importance to read

37、ing and writing.was introducedwas givenare taken care ofwere shockedaretold.选词填空1.Reading and writing _(is;are)very important.2.Either you or I _(am;are)going to be in charge of this matter.3.Every student and every teacher _(has;have)attended the meeting.4.On the wall _(hangs;hang)two large pictures.5.There _(is;are)a book and two pens on the desk.areamhashangis