高中英语语法 虚拟语气的用法（78张PPT）.ppt

1、虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood 2025/11/284 陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.4 祈使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一.语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。4 虚拟语气If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we

2、 go to the library this afternoon.条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。a.真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设,愿望,怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等。2025/11/28二.if 虚拟条件句的概念由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作if虚拟条件句I could easily recognize if I had seen him before.其他虚

3、拟条件句Without your help,I couldnt have finished my work on time.三.if Sentence Structure if 虚拟条件句的结构a.表示与现在事实相反的假设b.表示与过去事实相反的假设c.表示与将来事实相反的假设1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。虚拟语气If I were a boy,I would join the army.What would y

4、ou do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I wouldIf I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car.If I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.If I had a lot of money now,I wouldtravel around the world.If it were fine now,I would go shopping.a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.b.If t

5、he world-war _(burst)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1:Fill in the blanks.c.If the policeman _(be not)in that room,it _(be)very dangerous.d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for teachers help.were notcould bewerewould askChoose one of the topic

6、s and discuss it in groups.1.You had a dream that you were a teacher.What would you do if you were a teacher?2.Suppose you won a lot of money.What would you do with the money?If I _ a teacher,I.were2.与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had过去分词,构成If I(we,you,he,they)had过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might

7、have 动词过去分词。If he _ more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday.had drivenwould not have hadIf I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.had learntwould not have beena.If Tom _(be)more careful in the exam,he _(pass)it already.b.If you _(get)up earlier,you _(catch)the first train.had beenwould ha

8、ve passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2:Fill in the blanks.c.If I _(meet)you yesterday,we _(go)to the concert together.had metwould have goneSolve problems The students failed the English exam.Could you give him some suggestions?One of your friend got HN1 last year.He suffered a lot.What could y

9、ou do help him?3.与将来事实相反从句的谓语用If I(we,you,he,they)动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式,主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might 动词原形。If you succeeded,everything would beall right.If you should succeed,everything would be all right.If you were to succeed,everything would be all right.If he got up early

10、,he would be on time.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come,what should we say to him.假如他看见我,就会认识我。If he should see me,he would know me.a.If there _(be)no natural resource any more,we _(make)use of nuclear power.b.What _(happen)if you _(get up)too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get

11、upPRACTICE 3:Fill in the blanksc.If Robots _(control)the world some day,here _(be)no friendship.were to controlwould be主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。If you had asked him yesterday,youwould know what to do now.If the staff had been more careful,the mall wou

12、ld not be on fire now.条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在 过去时(were)would/could/should/might+v.(原)一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去 过去完成时would/could/should/might+have+p.p.条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来1.过去时2.should+v.3.were to dowould/could/should/might+v.(原)二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观

13、愿望,从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。The party was terrible,I wish I had never gone to it.(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“would动词

14、原形”。注意:主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。但愿你立刻来。I wish you would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词 使用should+动词原形，或者将s

15、hould省略。e.g.我们建议Tom 去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom(should)have a rest.He insisted that I(should)be present.The king ordered that the prisoners(should)be killed the next day.They requested that we(should)send them to work there.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用

16、虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法1.She insisted that s

17、he was right.她坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）2.His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel.他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。2.The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.I suggested that the teachers wages (should)be increased.3.Its(about/high)time+(that)should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。Its time that you went.Its time t

18、hat you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.(Should不可省略)as if/as though由as if(as though)或even though(even though)引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had过去分词”。He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know w

19、hether he owns it or not.)She talks about Rome as though shehad been there herself.他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Even if she were here,she could not solve the problem.4.would rather(that)现在：过去：将来：I would rather you paid me now.I would rath

20、er you had gone,too.Dont come.I would rather you cametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析11关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析22关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析33关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析44关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析55从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Have you ever been to Beijing?No,but I wish I _.A.have B.will C.do D.had2.If there were no water in t

21、he world,everything _.A.will die B.would dieC.would have died D.have died 3.I wish that I _ with you last night.A.could have gone B.could go C.have goneD.went 4.If I _ you,I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A.was;shall pay B.am;will pay C.would be;would payD.were;would pay 5.I wish tha

22、t you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A.wouldnt have B.didnt haveC.hadnt had D.havent had 6.When a stick is partly in a glass of water,it looks as though it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 7.“Are you going to the ball tonight?”“It

23、s too late now.How I wish _ about it earlier!”A.Ill know B.Ive known C.I know D.Id known 8.The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody _ the rules.A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey 9.“Jacks been ill for some weeks.”“Iknow.I wish _ see a doctor.”A.he should B.he can C.hell D.he could 10.“Y

24、ou should have gone to the cinema with us yesterday.The film was very good.”“I wish I _ yesterday off.Id have gone with you.”A.have had B.had C.have D.had had11.It is time that we _ this practice.A.stop B.stopped C.will stop D.have stopped12.I wish I _ as healthy as my cousin.A.were B.am C.was D.wil

25、l be 13.The two strangers talked as if they _friends for years.A.have been B.are C.were D.had been 句型练习(用If I were you句型翻译下列句子)1.我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。4.我希望我十年前认识他。5.他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。Homework关于陈述语气1(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。I am not interested in what you s

26、aid.Have you ever been to France?What a splendid palace!What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气 2关于祈使语气 1关于祈使语气 2关于祈使语气 3关于祈使语气 4真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型:条件从句 主句一般现在时 shall/will+动词原形If he comes,he will bring his violin.The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rainB.rains C.rained D.is rained答案B真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意：1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall,will。(错)If you leave now,you are never going to regret it.(对)If you leave now,you will never regret it.2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。