上海华东师范大学第二附属中学2022届高三上学期10月阶段测试卷英语试题 WORD版含解析.doc

1、华东师大二附中2022届高三阶段测试卷（英语）1. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a

2、 conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He will give the woman some tips on the game.B. The woman has good reason to quit the game.C. He is willing to play chess with the woman.D

3、. The woman should go on playing chess.2.A. The man can forward the mail to Mary.B. She can call Mary to take care of the mail.C. Mary probably knows Sallys new address.D. She would like to resume contact with Sally.3. A. His handwriting has a unique style.B. His notes are not easy to read.C. He did

4、 not attend todays class.D. He is very pleased to be able to help.4. A. The man had better choose another restaurant.B. The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.C. The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.D. The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.5 A. He has been looking fo

5、rward to spring.B. He has been waiting for the winter sale.C. He will clean the womans boots for spring.D. He will help the woman put things away.6. A. The woman is rather forgetful.B. The man appreciates the womans help.C. The man often lends books to the woman.D. The woman often works overtime at

6、weekends,7. A. Go to work on foot. B. Take a sightseeing trip.C. Start work earlier than usual. D. Take a walk when the weather is nice.8. A. The plane is going to land at another airport.B. All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.C. Temporary closing has disturbed the airports operation.D.

7、 The airports management is in real need of improvement.9. A. One box of books is found missing. B. Some of the boxes arrived too late.C. Replacements have to be ordered. D. Some of the books are damaged.10. A. The man will pick up Professor Johnson at his office.B. The man did not expect his paper

8、to be graded too soon.C. Professor Johnson has given the man a very high grade,D. Professor Johnson will talk to each student in his office.Section BDirections: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conv

9、ersation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will he spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following

10、 passage.11. A. There are mysterious stories behind his works.B. There are many misunderstandings about him.C. His works have no match worldwide.D. His personal history is little known12 A. He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.B. He failed to go beyond grammar school.C. He was a member of

11、the town councilD. He once worked in a well-known acting company.13. A. Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.B. Possible sources of clues about him were lost in aC. His works were adapted beyond recognition.D. People of his time had little interest in him.Questions 14 through 16 a

12、re based on the following passage.14. A. Theft. B. Cheating C. Air crash. D. Road accidents.15. A. Learn the local customs. B. Make hotel reservations.C. Book tickets well in advance. D. Have the right documents.16.A. Contact your agent. B. Get a lift if possible.C. Use official transport D. Have a

13、friend meet you.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. To place an order. B. To apply for a job.C. To return some goods. D. To make a complaint.18.A. He works on a part-time basis for the company.B. He has not worked in the sales department for long.C. He is not famil

14、iar with the exact details of the goods.D. He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.19. A. It is not his responsibility.B. It will be free for large orders.C. It depends on a number of factors.D. It costs 15 pounds more for express delivery.20. A. Make inquires with some other companies.B. Re

15、port the information to her superior.C. Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D. Ring back when she comes to a decision.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a g

16、iven word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Robert Cormier(19252000)I take real people and put them in extraordinary situations.Robert Cormier did not seem like an author who would create controversy, or argument.

17、 Never_1_he live farther than three miles from his childhood home in Leominster, Massachusetts, and for many years, he was a popular columnist for a local newspaper. On most afternoons, he could be found in the areas public library.However, controversy (争议) for Cormier began in 1974,_2_he published

18、his novel The Chocolate War. The novel deals with bullying (霸凌) at a New England school in a realistic way. Soon some people were calling for the book _3_(ban) from libraries and schools._4_under great pressure, Cormier never backed down. “My dream was to be known as a writer and to be able to produ

19、ce at least one book that_5_(read) by people. That dream came true with my first novel_6_(publish). And all_7_rest has been a sweet bonus. One of the sentences that _8_(occur) all the time in letters I receive is: You tell it like it is. And thats encouragement for me and keeps me _9_(go).”Cormier c

20、ontinued to write about the realities of growing up, with novels such as I AM the Cheese and stories such as “The Moustache”. His stories reflect an amazing ability to focus on everyday American life and capture it _10_the perspective of teenagers, who see things that adults dont always see.【答案】1. d

21、id 2. when 3. to be banned 4. But 5. would be read 6. published 7. the 8. occurs 9. going 10. from【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名作家Robert Cormier身上存在的争议和面临争议时他的态度，并对他的作品的独特魅力和角度进行了赞扬。【1题详解】考查部分倒装和一般过去时。句意：他住的地方离他童年在马萨诸塞州莱明斯特的家从来不超过3英里，多年来，他一直是当地一家报纸颇受欢迎的专栏作家。否定词never放在句首，句子应用部分倒装。部分倒装语序为“助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+谓语

22、”。根据“for many years, he was a popular columnist for a local newspaper”可知，此处应用一般过去时，所以应将助动词did提前。故填did。【2题详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，对科米尔的争议始于1974年，当时他出版了他的小说巧克力战争。定语从句修饰先行词1974，先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。故填when。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不久，一些人要求图书馆和学校禁止这本书。call for sb to do意为“要求某人做某事”，此处用to do不定式作宾语补足语。动词ban意为“禁止”，和逻辑主语bo

23、ok构成被动关系。故填to be banned。【4题详解】考查连词。句意：但在巨大的压力下，科米尔从未退缩。“under great pressure”和“Cormier never backed down”构成转折关系，且空格后没有逗号，所以应用转折词but。句首首字母应大写。故填But。【5题详解】考查时态语态。句意：我的梦想是成为一名作家，并且至少能写出一本书供人们阅读。根据“My dream was to be known as a writer and to be able to produce at least one book”可知，此处是指过去时间的意志、意愿、决心，所以应用

24、过去将来时。根据“by people”可知，此处应用被动语态。故填would be read。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着我的第一部小说出版，我的梦想实现了。在with独立主格结构中，动词publish意为“出版”，和逻辑主语novel构成被动关系。根据“That dream came true”可知，此处是指动作已完成，所以应用过去分词。故填published。【7题详解】考查定冠词。句意：剩下的一切都是一份甜蜜的红利。all the rest意为“其他一切”，为固定搭配，所以应用定冠词the。故填the。【8题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我收到的信中经常出现这样一句话：“你实

25、事求是。”根据“One of the sentences that.all the time in letters I receive is”可知，此处应用一般现在时。主语“One of the sentences”为第三人称单数。故填occurs。【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是对我的鼓励，让我继续前进。keep sb doing意为“让某人一直做某事”。故填going。【10题详解】考查介词。句意：他的故事反映了一种惊人的能力，即关注美国人的日常生活，并从青少年的视角捕捉到这些生活，而青少年能看到成年人常常看不到的东西。名词perspective意为“角度”，应和介词from搭配，表

26、示“从角度”。故填from。Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. nod B. initiating C. proceeding D unintended E. automatically F. orientsG. bite H. watchful I. jags J. prospective K. po

27、tentiallyFacial RecallLarge gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn peoples names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue-but privacy experts recommend_11_with caution.The app called Social Recall, connects na

28、mes with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition,_12_enminating the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have in terms of_13_the policy of politeness to meet somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, whose start-up, also called SocialRecall, created the app an

29、d tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people.After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, a(n)_14_user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user po

30、ints his or her phone camera at an attendees face, the app identifies the individual, displays the persons name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have given their_15_And the apps creators say it_16_wipes users data after an event.Ann Cavo

31、ukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence at Ryerson University in Toronto, commends the apps creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be

32、_17_consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to_18_you.”The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals th

33、ey have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someones face, from either the smartphones camera or a photograph, and then_19_it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a

34、 users phone, according to the team behind the app.Jason Schultz, a professor of clinical law at New York University, who was not involved with the apps creation, remains_20_, “The cost to everyone whom you are surveilling with this app is very, very high, and I dont think it respects the consent po

35、litics involved with capturing peoples images.”【答案】11. C 12. K 13. B 14. J 15. A 16. E 17. D 18. G 19. I 20. H【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一款新的应用程序帮助人们识别面孔，但也有可能泄露隐私。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：一款新的面部识别应用程序可能会帮上忙，但隐私专家建议要谨慎行事。proceed with caution表示“谨慎行事”， recommend doing。用proceeding “进行”，故选C。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：这款名为Social

36、Recall的应用通过智能手机摄像头和面部识别将名字与人脸连接起来，可能消除了正式介绍的需要。根据“connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition”可知连接名字和人脸，就不用正式介绍了。potentially“可能地”，故选K。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：它打破了我们在与人见面时所面临的礼貌政策方面的社会障碍。根据“cautions”得知，介词后用动名词。 initiate“发起”，故选B。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：在收到活动组织者发出的下载SocialRecall的邀请后，潜在用户会被要求

37、自拍两张，并通过社交媒体登录。形容词修饰名词，prospective “预期的；可能的”。故选J。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：为了保护隐私，它只认可那些提供了他们点头的人。根据“it recognizes ”得知，谁给指令，听谁的。nod“点头”。故选A。【16题详解】考查副词。句意：该应用程序的开发者表示，它会在事件发生后自动删除用户数据。 根据“cautions”得知，automatically “自动地”。故选E。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：然而，她警告说，当人们选择在这款应用上分享个人信息时，他们应该知道，这些信息在另一种情况下使用，可能会带来意想不到的后果，最终可能会反过来伤害到

38、你。根据“cautions”得知，警告有意外的后果，unintended “意想不到的”。故选D。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：然而，她警告说，当人们选择在这款应用上分享个人信息时，他们应该知道，这些信息在另一种情况下使用，可能会带来意想不到的后果，最终可能会反过来伤害到你。根据“cautions”得知，警告有伤害你的情况发生。不定式后用动词原形。bite “咬，伤害”。故选G。【19题详解】考查动词和时态。句意：要使用这款应用程序，用户首先要从智能手机的摄像头或照片上获取某人的面部图像，然后给它贴上一个名字。根据并列句的acquires，得知用一般现在时，第三人称单数。jag “使咬合”。

39、故选I。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：纽约大学临床法教授杰森舒尔茨没有参与这款应用的开发，他仍然保持着警惕。根据“was not involved ”可知，是谨慎的态度。watchful“警惕的”。故选H。【点睛】. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best f

40、its the context.Paying Attention: The Attention EconomyEconomics is the study of how scarce resources are allocated; whether that is housing, food, or money. However, in an era of endless amounts of information at our fingertips, what is the_21_? Unlike the first three examples that can be empirical

41、ly_22_and measured, our intangible yet extremely valuable attention is the limiting factor: we are in the age of the attention economy.According the American Psychological Association, attention comes in many forms: love, recognition, obedience, and help. Although_23_unquantifiable, many derive atte

42、ntions value from how much time we focus on a particular thing. We face attentions scarcity every day; while “paying attention” to one thing we ignore others.The term “attention economy” was coined by Herbert A. Simon, who noted that “a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention”, suggesti

43、ng that multitasking is a_24_. Later, Micheal Goldhaber warned that the international economy is_25_from a material-based economy to an attention-based economy: fewer people are involved with manufacturing and emerging careers work with information. Although the “information economy” is a common nam

44、e for this new state. Goldhaber_26_this. “Information is not scarce, but attention is”.Like money, we all have a thirst for attention to a certain degree. Money is needed for food, water, and shelter. Similarly. attention can be translated to something tangible and necessary fo_27_. As babies, we cr

45、y. laugh, make noises, and want the attention on usotherwise we are not fed. clothed, or alive. However, money and attention are distinct; money follows attention, whereas the reverse is not necessarily I me, As our economy becomes more reliant on attention, the_28_of exchange flows from the holders

46、 of the old to the holders of the new.When we go on the internet, we typically have a goal in mind. Once we obtain what we want, we leave the site. However, social media strategically get our attention_29_. Once we see a user we like, we “_30_” them on YouTube, “become friend” with them on Facebook,

47、 or “follow” them on Instagram. Thereafter, anything they post will appear on our feeds. We can scroll_31_on social media, and upon finishing a video we will always have a new one to auto-play. However, when we keep attention glued to our phones, we forgo other opportunities.It is difficult to deter

48、mine the impact attention-grabbing sites can have on the economy and society as a whole. It is necessary to not only consider the direct effects of exposure to social media, out the crowding out of other activities, known as the_32_effect.Many firths fully understand the scarcity of our attention, a

49、nd are adapting their business models to exploit it. _33_, some technology companies use a psychologic theory that rewards increase ones anticipation. As anticipation increases, such reward-seeking actions that technology companies have capitalized on to capture attention turn to _34_. Feeling uncer

50、tain, we Google; feeling lonely, we go to Facebook. Nothing tells us to do these things. The users trigger themselves,When looking at social medias societal impact, the experts suggest that it is monumental. As one puts it, behaviour design can seem_35_, because its mostly just clicking on screens.

51、But what happens when you magnify that into an entire global economy? Then it becomes about power.21. A. budgetB. capitalC. scarcityD. treasure22. A. quantifiedB. experimentedC. provenD. treated23 A. literallyB. theoreticallyC. intenselyD. universally24. A. mythB. rumorC. cureD. target25. A. expande

52、dB. varyingC. sparedD. swinging26. A. advocatesB. dismissesC. justifiesD. assumes27. A. recognitionB. contactC. survivalD. assurance28. A. mediumB. valueC. reserveD. concern29. A. ensuredB. withdrawnC. escapedD. hooked30. A. try outB. put upC. subscribe toD. keep to31. A. deliberatelyB. virtuallyC.

53、sustainablyD. endlessly32. A. substitutionB. dependenceC. maximumD. hunger33. A. In feetB. For instanceC. On the wholeD. In addition34. A. profitB. successC. procedureD. instinct35. A. ready-madeB. lightweightC. self-cateringD. risk-taking【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30.

54、 C 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是注意力经济。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在一个信息无穷无尽的时代，什么是稀缺性?A. budget预算；B. capital资本；C. scarcity稀少；D. treasure宝藏。由前文的“scarce resources”可知，此处是说“什么是稀缺性”，故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与前三个例子不同的是，我们的无法量化但极有价值的注意力是一个限制因素：我们正处于注意力经济的时代。A. quantified量化；B. experimented做试验；

55、C. proven证明；D. treated对待。由第三空后面的“unquantifiable, many derive attentions”可知，注意力是无法量化的，故选A。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然普遍无法量化，但很多注意力的价值来自于我们在某件事上花费的时间。A. literally照字面地；B. theoretically理论上；C. intensely强烈地；D. universally普遍地。由后面的“unquantifiable”可知，注意力普遍无法量化，因此空格处是“普遍地”，故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“注意力经济”(attention e

56、conomy)一词是由Herbert A. Simon提出的，他指出“丰富的信息造成了注意力的匮乏”，这表明多任务处理是一个神话。A. myth神话；B. rumor谣言；C. cure疗法；D. target目标。由前面的“a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention”可知，丰富的信息造成了注意力的匮乏，因此多任务处理是不可能的，是神话，故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，michael Goldhaber警告说，国际经济正在从物质经济转向注意力经济：越来越少的人从事制造业和与信息相关的新兴职业。A. expan

57、ded扩大；B. varying变化；C. spared留出；D. swinging摇晃。由“from a material-based economy to an attention-based economy”可知，国际经济正在从物质经济转向注意力经济，swing from.to.意为“从.转向.”，故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Goldhaber驳回。A. advocates提倡；B. dismisses驳回；C. justifies证明是正当的；D. assumes设想。Although表转折，由“Although the “information economy” i

58、s a common name”可知，此处是说“Goldhaber不同意上面的说法”，因此空格处是“驳回”，故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，注意力也可以转化为生存所必需的有形事物。A. recognition认可；B. contact联系；C. survival幸存；D. assurance保险。由后文的“As babies, we cry. laugh, make noises, and want the attention on usotherwise we are not fed. clothed, or alive ”可知，注意力可以转化为生存所必需的有形事物，故选

59、C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我们的经济变得更加依赖于注意力，交换价值就从旧的持有者流向了新持有者。A. medium媒介；B. value价值；C. reserve储备（量）；D. concern关心，担忧。由上文的“money follows attention”可知，交换价值就从旧的持有者流向了新持有者。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，社交媒体会战略性地吸引我们的注意力。A. ensured确保；B. withdrawn撤退；C. escaped逃跑；D. hooked钩住。However表转折，因此空格处所在句子表示与上文“we leave the

60、site”相反，是说我们不离开网站，也就是社交媒体吸引我们的注意力，因此空格处是“钩住”，故选D。【30题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一旦我们看到一个我们喜欢的用户，我们就会在YouTube上“订阅”他们，在Facebook上“成为朋友”，或者在Instagram上“关注”他们。A. try out试验；B. put up张贴；C. subscribe to订阅；D. keep to坚持。由“Once we see a user we like, we “_” them on YouTube”可知，我们看到一个我们喜欢的用户，我们就会在YouTube上“订阅”他们，故选C。【31题详解】

61、考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们可以在社交媒体上无休止地滚动，在完成一个视频后，我们总是会自动播放一个新的视频。A. deliberately故意地；B. virtually事实上，几乎；C. sustainably可持续地；D. endlessly无休止地。由后面的“upon finishing a video we will always have a new one to auto-play”可知，在完成一个视频后，我们总是会自动播放一个新的视频，因此我们是在社交媒体上无休止地滚动，故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不仅要考虑接触社交媒体的直接影响，还要考虑从其他活动中挤出的影响

62、，即所谓的最大影响。A. substitution代替；B. dependence依靠；C. maximum最大值；D. hunger饥饿。由前面的“not only consider the direct effects of exposure to social media, but the crowding out of other activities”可知，此处是说“要考虑最大影响”，因此空格处是“最大值”，故选C。【33题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：例如，一些科技公司使用一种心理学理论，即奖励会增加人们的预期。A. In feet以英尺的方式；B. For instance例

63、如；C. On the whole整体上；D. In addition另外。由空格前的“Many firms”和空格后的“some technology companies”可知，此处是在举例，因此空格处是“例如”，故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着预期的增加，科技公司用来吸引注意力的这种寻求回报的行为变成了利润。A. profit利润；B. success成功；C. procedure程序；D. instinct本能。由“such reward-seeking actions that technology companies have capitalized on to c

64、apture attention turn to”可知，科技公司是使这种寻求回报的行为变成了利润，故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 就像有人说的，行为设计看起来无足轻重，因为它主要是点击屏幕。A. ready-made现成的；B. lightweight无足轻重的；C. self-catering自给的；D. risk-taking冒险的。由空格后的“because its mostly just clicking on screens”可知，行为设计主要是点击屏幕，因此是简单的，因此空格处是“无足轻重的”，故选B。Section BDirections: Read the f

65、ollowing three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Be it from the mouths of foreigners who

66、 have lived here for a few years or from stories on travel websites, one of the most common qualities that people list about Shanghai is the infectious energy that courses through the city.For some, this energy is defined by the way of lifeShanghai is a city that never sleeps. In the day, the street

67、s arc always bustling with people from all over the world. After all, the city has long been Chinas most cosmopolitan city, having been the epicenter of trade and cultural exchange between Chinese and foreigners since the city was forced to open its door to the world in 1843 after the First Opium Wa

68、r (1840-42).Shanghais ubiquitous delivery people can be found on the roads even past midnight, rushing from point to point on their trusty electric scooters to satiate the hunger of night owls. Even before the break of dawn, pensioners can be found gathering in parks, ready to kick start their day w

69、ith a tai chi session.For others, this energy is generated from the friction between the contrasts the city has. Indeed, it does not take long for one to realize that Shanghais charm lies in it being a binary of old and new.Here, charming neoclassical architecture and art deco structures stand along

70、side modem buildings with shimmering glass and metal facades, rustic (质朴的)lane houses and shikumen buildings. Humble mom-and-pop shops that look stuck in time can often be found right next to hip dining venues or industrial-chic fashion stores selling designer apparel.One of the best places to get a

71、n overview of these surreal contrasts is none other than the tallest building in the city the Shanghai Tower in Lujiazui. Measuring a dizzying 632 meters in height, this architectural marvel boasts having the worlds highest observation deck within a building or structure. It also comes with the worl

72、ds fastest elevators which would get you from the bottom to the top at 20.5 meters per second.On the other side of the Huangpu River is where you would find the Bund, which is home to magnificent neoclassical buildings. The Bund is to Shanghai what Times Square is to New York or what the Champs-61ys

73、ees is to Paris. A trip to Shanghai would not be complete without exploring this iconic waterfront promenade.Autumn is the best time to experience Shanghai on foot, not merely because the weather is conducive for walking, but because this is when the roads and sidewalks in many areas are blanketed w

74、ith a layer of colorful fallen leaves.36. Why is the example of delivery man mentioned?A. To make a contrast with pensioners biological clock.B. To illustrate the vibrant energy of modern Shanghai.C. To highlight the diligence and consideration of delivery man.D. To feature the courier delivery serv

75、ice in full swing.37. Which of the following is TRUE about the contrast of Shanghai?A. The contrast mainly arises from the First Opium War.B. The design of the Shanghai Tower stands for a contrast.C. A marked contrast is shown in the use of building materials.D. The dishes served in mom-and-pop shop

76、s represent the outdated flavor.38. The underlined word “hip” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to_.A. photographicB. modestC. peculiarD. stylish39. Which of the following will be most probably discussed following the last paragraph?A. Stunning views of the Shanghai skyline.B. The best places to

77、view the seasonal spectacle.C. The walking path that hugs the Huangpu River.D. Must-try dishes and food items typical of Shanghai.【答案】36. B 37. B 38. D 39. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海这个城市的生活和以及它的风景。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“For some, this energy is defined by the way of lifeShanghai is a city that never s

78、leeps. ”（对一些人来说，这种活力是由生活方式决定的上海是一座不夜城。）和第三段的“Shanghais ubiquitous delivery people can be found on the roads even past midnight, rushing from point to point on their trusty electric scooters to satiate the hunger of night owls. ”可知，上海是个不夜城，即使到了午夜依然很活跃。第三段中提出送货员的例子是为了表明上海这个城市的活力。故选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第

79、三段的“One of the best places to get an overview of these surreal contrasts is none other than the tallest building in the city the Shanghai Tower in Lujiazui. ”（要一览这种超现实的反差，最好的地方莫过于上海最高的建筑陆家嘴的上海中心大厦。）可知，上海中心大厦的设计体现了一种对比。故选B。【38题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文的“Here, charming neoclassical architecture and art deco struc

80、tures stand alongside modem buildings with shimmering glass and metal facades, rustic (质朴的)lane houses and shikumen buildings. ”（在这里，迷人的新古典主义建筑和装饰艺术建筑与闪闪发光的玻璃和金属外墙的现代建筑、乡村小巷的房子和石库门建筑并肩而立。）可知，这里的建筑都是古典建筑和现代建筑并立，因此可推测出，看起来很过时，不起眼的夫妻店，经常可以在旁边找到的应该是“现代的”时尚餐饮。因此，hip意为“时尚的”。故选D。【39题详解】推理判断题。最后一段主要介绍了秋天是徒步

81、体验上海的最佳时间，不仅因为天气有利于步行，还因为这是许多地区的道路和人行道上覆盖着一层多彩的落叶。由此可推断出，接下来的一段应该介绍去哪里欣赏上海秋天的美景最好。故选B。(B)Join a ProjectThere are many opportunities to become a citizen scientist in national parks. Check out some park-sponsored projects below. You can find additional projects on external sites like SciS and CitizenS

82、cience.gov. And if youre accustomed to using programs like eBird or iNaturalist, you can continue to do so in any national park, even on your own.What can you do as a citizen scientist in a national park? Most likely youll collect data and upload them to a database. In some cases, you can explore, g

83、raph, and analyze data. If the project is new, you may be able to make suggestions about study design or procedures. In all cases, you will learn and experience real science. And youll do it in the places you love.Acadia National Park (ME)Sundew Phenology TrailPurpose: Monitor phenology (seasonal ti

84、ming) of trees, plants, and shrubs in coastal Maine to help the park understand long-term trends.Activities: Use Natures Notebook mobile app to record and upload phenological stages of specific plants.Location & Timing: Participate in the park; spring, summer and fall every year.Requirements: Anyone

85、 can participate, young children should be supervised by adults; training is provided.To Participate: Groups enroll in parks residential education programming; individuals enroll in parks public programs.Denali National Park and Preserve (AK)Snowshoe Hare Pellet Plot ProjectPurpose: Estimate the pop

86、ulation density of snowshoe hares on an annual basis.Activities: Volunteers count snowshoe hare fecal pellets (粪球) at established plots within the park.Location & Timing: Participate in the park; June- August every year.Requirements: Must be a teen or adult, or part of a school/organization group; t

87、raining is provided. Volunteers must be able to take difficult hikes in the backcountry, spend time on hands and knees, and follow verbal instructions.To Participate: Email to express interest.Homestead National Historical Park (NE)Black Homesteading ProjectPurpose: Reveal the history of Black homes

88、teaders who obtained titles for about 650,000 acres of prairie land from the General Land Office in the 1870s-1930s.Activities: Online volunteers will transcribe original historical documents into digital formats so they can be shared with scholars and the public worldwide.Location & Timing: Online,

89、 no time restrictions. Requirements: Stable Internet connection. Open to adults, teens, and families.To Participate: Please sign up through the Federal Governments volunteer page: VolunteerI Opportunity DetailRocky Mountain National Park (CO)Lily Lake Phenology ProjectPurpose: Monitor seasonal chang

90、es (phenology) of plants and animals at Lily Lake to help the park understand long-term trends.Activities: Record observations of plants and animals using the mobile app Survey 123.Location & Timing: Participate in the park, year- round. Best opportunities are April-October.Requirements: Must be a t

91、een or adult. No special training is required. Participants need a mobile device.To Participate: See the project website to download the data collection form and Instructions to your mobile device.40. Which of the following is TRUE about a citizen science project?A. Joining citizen scientist project

92、 is an essential step to become a real scientist.B. A citizen scientist is an expert at exploring, graphing, and analyzing data,C. The participants main responsibility is to generate and develop new ideas for a project.D. The project helps spread scientific knowledge through public participation in

93、scientific research.41. Which project does not require the use of digital devices?A. Sundew Phenology TrailB. Black Homesteading ProjectC. Snowshoe Hare Pellet Plot ProjectD. Lily Lake Phenology Project42. The Green Sprout Primary School is planning a summer camp to arouse students interest in scien

94、tific research, which national park offers the most proper activity for their students?A. Acadia National ParkB. Denali National Park and PreserveC. Homestead National Historical ParkD. Rocky Mountain National Park【答案】40. D 41. C 42. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了国家公园赞助的几个项目，这些项目有很多机会让普通人成为一名公民科学家。【40题详解】细

95、节理解题。根据第二段“In some cases, you can explore, graph, and analyze data. If the project is new, you may be able to make suggestions about study design or procedures. In all cases, you will learn and experience real science. And youll do it in the places you love.(在某些情况下，您可以探索、绘制和分析数据。如果项目是新的，您可以就研究设计或程序提

96、出建议。在所有情况下，你将学习和体验真正的科学。你可以在你喜欢的地方研究)”可知，公民科学项目通过公众参与科学研究，让公民真正地体验科学，帮助公民学习科学知识，帮助传播科学知识。故选D。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二个小标题Snowshoe Hare Pellet Plot Project中的“Activities: Volunteers count snowshoe hare fecal pellets (粪球) at established plots within the park. Requirements: Must be a teen or adult, or part of

97、a school/organization group; training is provided. Volunteers must be able to take difficult hikes in the backcountry, spend time on hands and knees, and follow verbal instructions.(活动：志愿者在公园内的固定场地数雪鞋兔的粪便颗粒。要求：必须是青少年或成人，或学校/组织的成员；提供培训。志愿者必须能够在偏远地区进行艰难的徒步旅行，花时间在手脚并用上，并遵循口头指示)”可知，Snowshoe Hare Pellet

98、Plot Project这个项目的要求和活动中未提及要使用数字设备，所以Snowshoe Hare Pellet Plot Project不需要使用数字设备。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个小标题Acadia National Park (ME)中“Purpose: Monitor phenology (seasonal timing) of trees, plants, and shrubs in coastal Maine to help the park understand long-term trends.(目的：监测缅因州沿海地区树木、植物和灌木的物候(季节)，以帮助公

99、园长远发展)”，“Location & Timing: Participate in the park; spring, summer and fall every year.(地点和时间：参与公园活动；每年春天、夏天和秋天)”及“Requirements: Anyone can participate, young children should be supervised by adults; training is provided.(要求：任何人都可以参加，幼儿应由成人监督，提供培训)”可知，Acadia National Park (ME)适合举办夏令营，能让小学生参观游玩，提供相关

100、培训（Rocky Mountain National Park (CO)没有培训），并能观察缅因州沿海地区树木、植物和灌木的物候，对于激发学生对科学研究的兴趣最合适。故选A。（C）Why isnt science better? Look at career incentive(激励).There are often substantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials

101、 are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.All too often, however, what should be just isnt so.

102、In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not to replicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them - but the amount that doesnt is too much for comfort.Bu

103、t there are also ways in which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiments results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.Its not lik

104、e we dont know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls on deaf ears. Why? Why arent scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.In the 19

105、70s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely a

106、s of how well the school can prepare students for the test.We can see this principleoften summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and res

107、earchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must

108、 be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite

109、different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system. And certainly, some doas seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud(欺诈). I

110、f malicious fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part

111、of individuals.43. Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?A. Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.B. The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.C. Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments results.D. The amount of

112、 science that does replicate is comforting.44. What does deaf ears in the fourth paragraph probably refer to?A. The public.B. The incentive initiators.C. The peer researchers.D. The high-impact journal editors.45. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Good scientists excel in

113、 seeking resources and securing research positions.B. Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.C. All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.D. The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.

114、46. According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?A. High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.B. The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.C. Researchers are motivated to get

115、 actively involved in gaming the current system.D. Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.【答案】43. A 44. A 45. B 46. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了科学家们应该用最严格和最怀疑的方法，无情地探索现实的结构。作者认为但是科学未能发展的更好的原因在于激励。大多数科学家对了解世界真的很感兴趣，而且是诚实的。激励的问题在于，它们可以在个人没有任何意图的情况下塑造文化规范。【43题详解】

116、细节理解他。根据第一段最后一句“And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.（科学家们应该用最严格和最怀疑的方法，无情地探索现实的结构）”以及最后一段第一句“However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest.（然而，我相信大多数科学家对了解世界是真正

117、感兴趣的，也是诚实的）”可知，在作者看来总体上来说，科学家们一直致力于对现实的探索。故选A项。【44题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段第二、第三句“Its not like we dont know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls on deaf ears.（并不是说我们不知道如何做得更好。研究科学方法的科学家已经知道可行的补救方法几十年了。

118、不幸的是，他们的建议经常被置若罔闻）”可推知，deaf ears指的是大众，即大众经常对科学家的建议置若罔闻。故选A项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段第二至第五句“Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed scholars and researchers than there arc university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research p

119、osition, there is additional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared.（科学是竞争性的事业。有资格证书的学者和研究人员远远多于大学教授或同等声望的研究职位。一旦有人获得了研究职位，就会有额外的竞争，以获得终身教职，并为研究生提供支持和安置。由于对资源的这种竞争，必须对科学家进

120、行评估和比较）”可推知，对资源的竞争促使研究人员以一种更加怀疑的方式工作，因此必须对科学家进行评估和比较。故选B项。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句“The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.（激励的问题在于，它们可以在个人没有任何意图的情况下形成文化规范）”可知，作者认为科学家的职业激励应该考虑他们的个人意愿。故选D项。Section CDirections: Read the foll

121、owing passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Is SpaceXs Inspiration really an inspiration?Inspiration4, as the mission is called, is indeed impressive, the first time “normal peopl

122、e” with minimal training will leave the planet, enter orbit, and return to Earth days latera substantial advancement from the 11-minute joy ride Jeff Bezos took in July. But despite the lofty name, dont be fooled:_47_Ive been hugely critical of the billionaire space race, which recklessly pollutes o

123、ur atmosphere and has the enormous opportunity cost of time, money, resources, and energy that could go toward more urgent planetary issues, like world hunger and global poverty. Clean energy research, sustainable transportation innovations, and the creation of high-paying jobs in green sectors woul

124、d do far more for the average non-billionaire than a rocketship ever will.Still, were being tricked and get convinced that SoaceXs civilian mission is “inspiring” because its passengers arent professionals._48_. The Falcon 9 rocket was chartered from SpaceX for somewhere south of $200 million by bus

125、inessman Jared Isaacman, who has successfully washed the mission in feel-good public relations. Wednesdays voyage is part of a large fundraising effort for St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital, a worthy cause even if the flight is a stunt.As for his guests, Isaacman is taking 29-year-cld St. Jude ph

126、ysician assistant Hayley Arceneaux, a child cancer survivor who will be the youngest American to go to space and the first with a prosthesis(假肢); Sian Proctor, a passed-over finalist from NASAs astronaut program who will become the fourth Black woman to go to space; and Chris Sembooski, an Iraq War

127、veteran who was gifted his spot after his friend won it in a raffle._49_Its hard not to be won over! But thats also the point. “Civilian” missions like Inspiration make space travel appear to be “accessible to all,” despite the feet that spaceflight will be “a hobby solely reserved for billionaires

128、and centi-millionaires for many years to come,” as Business Insider writes. Yet if space tourism companies can get the general public to root for them, then theyve effectively gotten us to buy into something that does not actually do any good to us._50_A. For all the awed headlines, Inspiration4 is

129、still the fancifulness of a billionaire.B. In fact, due to that immense opportunity cost, it actively takes benefits away from us.C. Inspiration，is not the victory for the everyman earthling that it presents itself to be.D. No doubt, the primary reason for the journey is marketing for private space

130、travel.E. In many ways, their mission marks the beginning of anew era in American spaceflight.F. Additionally, whenever something earnestly asks you to consider it an “inspiration,” its always good to ask yourself why.【答案】47. C 48. B 49. D 50. F【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章就SpaceX公司的Inspiration4任务提出了质疑，这是世界上首个

131、“平民”太空任务，作者认为在其“鼓舞人心”的外表下，是太空公司和富人们在争取公众基础，诱使普通人们为自己根本不会受益的东西买单。【47题详解】作者在本段中简单介绍了Inspiration4任务并表达出了自己的观点和态度，与标题的疑问语气是相符的，空白前句“But despite the lofty name, dont be fooled”指出尽管名字很崇高，但其实是在骗人，冒号后应当是进一步的解释，C选项“Inspiration，并非是其表现出的、对于普通人而言的胜利”符合作者的观点态度，与前句衔接紧密。故选C项。【48题详解】本段主要介绍Inspiration4任务的背景信息，前句“Sti

132、ll, were being tricked and get convinced that SpaceXs civilian mission is “inspiring” because its passengers arent professionals.”指出我们相信了这一任务的“鼓舞人心”原因在于此次的乘客们都不是专业宇航员，而后文则表明这次任务是由亿万富翁Isaacman牵头、以为医院募集资金的名义组织起来的，B选项“事实上，因为巨大的机会成本，这其实是在从我们身上获利”有in fact与前句形成对照，也能与后文的背景信息串联，符合逻辑。故选B项。【49题详解】本段主要介绍Inspir

133、ation4任务的其余三位乘客，他们的身份有医生助理、公司客户等，甚至其中一位是通过抽奖获得了资格，这会使得公众相信普通人未来都有进入太空的机会，D选项“毫无疑问的是，本次旅行的主要原因在于对私人太空旅行的营销”总结了这一观点，且与下一段的首句“Its hard not to be won over!(很难不被说服！)”呼应。故选D项。【50题详解】本段中作者通过自己的分析揭露此类太空任务的真相，前句“Yet if space tourism companies can get the general public to root for them, then theyve effective

134、ly gotten us to buy into something that does not actually do any good to us.”点明了太空旅行公司若能为自己打好公众基础，接下来就会让人们为一些没有实际收益的东西买单，F选项“此外，不论何时，当有某种东西强烈地要你将其看作是一种“鼓舞”时，最好还是问问自己这是为什么”承接本段乃至全文的观点，都是在揭露真相并呼吁人们认清事实、保持质疑。故选F项。Summary Writing51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the

135、 main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 fe

136、et-as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless theyre eating it, or unless something is eating them.”And they are

137、as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? Ifs trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scalier(散射) light bouncing it away from its original path. Others a

138、bsorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make a.n object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. Th

139、at means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water. You dont see it- you see the things behind it.To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that

140、 absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments, so its tissues wont absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materialsskin, fat, and moreand li

141、ght moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be se

142、e-through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it._【答案】Transparent animals, which typically live in the ocean, let light pass through their bodies. How does an animal become see-through? It doesnt absorb or scatter light that can pass t

143、hrough it without bending or stopping and it doesnt have pigments, so its tissues wont absorb light. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了透明动物是怎样变得透明的。【详解】1 要点摘录Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes thr

144、ough a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet-as far as most light can reach. How does an animal become see-through?But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bendin

145、g or stopping.But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments, so its tissues won t absorb light.Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through.2.缜密构思:将第1个要点高度概括，将第2个要点直接表述，将第3、4、两个要点进行整合概括，将第5个要点直接表述。3.遣词造句 Transparent animals, which typically live in the ocean, let light pass t

146、hrough their bodies. How does an animal become see-through? It doesnt absorb or scatter light that can pass through it without bending or stopping and it doesnt have pigments, so its tissues wont absorb light.【点睛】高分句型1 Transparent animals, which typically live in the ocean, let light pass through th

147、eir bodies.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段中第一句和第二句高度概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句表达高级。高分句型2：It doesnt absorb or scatter light that can pass through it without bending or stopping and it doesnt have pigments, so its tissues wont absorb light.用并列句将第四段和第五段进行并列概括，运用了that引导的限制性定语从句。第卷 共40分V. TranslationDirections: Translate

148、the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets72.52. 三口之家没必要请保姆，很多智能家居产品能够减轻家务负担。（need）(汉译英）【答案】There is no need employing a baby-sitter for a family of three, because many smart-home products can relieve the housework burden. 【解析】【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。表示“三口之家”可用“a family of t

149、hree”；表示“没必要做某事”可用there is no need doing；表示“请保姆”可用“employ a baby-sitter”，所以前半句可翻译为“There is no need employing a baby-sitter for a family of three”。表示“许多智能家居产品”可用“many smart-home products”；表示“减轻家务负担”可用“relieve the housework burden”，根据句意可知，前后两句是因果关系，“很多智能家居产品能够减轻家务负担”是原因，用because引导该原因状语从句，整句用一般现在时。故可翻

150、译为There is no need employing a baby-sitter for a family of three, because many smart-home products can relieve the housework burden。53. Jane对自己的戏服十分挑剔，因为她一直担任主角的这部剧将在所有主要的社交平台上直播。（particular）(汉译英）【答案】Jane is very particular about her own costumes because the play she has been starring in will be bro

151、adcast live on all major social platforms.【解析】【详解】考查短语、定语从句、状语从句和时态语态。对挑剔用短语 “be particular about”，句子时态为一般现在时态，主语为Jane，be动词用is；自己的戏服可以用短语“her own costumes”，because引导原因状语从句，戏剧为“the play”，后面接定语从句，定语从句用现在完成进行时态，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，而且还在继续，担任主角可以用短语“star in”，先行词the play在定语从句中做宾语，所以可以省略引导词；直播可以翻译为“broadcast li

152、ve”；在所有主要的社交平台上可以翻译为“on all major social platforms”，句子时态为一般将来时态，主语the play和broadcast之间为动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。故翻译Jane is very particular about her own costumes because the play she has been starring in will be broadcast live on all major social platforms.54. 这个网站不遗余力地研发了专属的登录系统，以回应来自公众要求提高用户隐私保护的巨大压力。（pains）

153、(汉译英）【答案】The site spared no pains developing its own login system in response to intense pressure from the public to improve user privacy.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。此处主语为site；表示“不遗余力做某事”短语为spare no pains doing sth.；表示“研发了专属的登录系统”短语为developing its own login system；表示“回应”短语为in response to；表示“来自公众要求提高用户隐私保护的巨大压力”翻

154、译为intense pressure from the public to improve user privacy，句子应用一般过去时。故翻译为The site spared no pains developing its own login system in response to intense pressure from the public to improve user privacy.55. 有时，嫉妒蒙蔽了我们的眼睛，不让我们对生命中美丽的事情心怀感恩，我们忘记了正是感激把房子变成了家，把普通餐饭变成盛宴，把陌生人变成朋友。（grateful）(汉译英）【答案】Sometim

155、es jealousy blinds our eyes and prevents us from being grateful for the beautiful things in life. We forget that it is gratitude that turns the house into home, ordinary meals into feasts, and strangers into friends.【解析】【详解】考查动词、短语、名词、形容词、宾语从句和强调句型。表示“有时”应用频率副词Sometimes；表示“嫉妒蒙蔽了我们的眼睛”译为jealousy blin

156、ds our eyes；表示“不让我们对生命中美丽的事情心怀感恩”译为prevents us from being grateful for the beautiful things in life，对心存感激固定短语为be grateful for。表示“我们忘记了正是感激把房子变成了家”译为We forget that it is gratitude that turns the house into home，We forget that后面的内容为宾语从句，第二个that这里是强调句it + be +强调部分 + that.，把.变成.用固定短语turn into；表示“把普通餐饭变成

157、盛宴”译为turn ordinary meals into feasts；表示“把陌生人变成朋友”译为turn strangers into friend，此处用连词and来连接，只留第一个动词turn。故翻译为Sometimes jealousy blinds our eyes and prevents us from being grateful for the beautiful things in life. We forget that it is gratitude that turns the house into home, ordinary meals into feasts

158、, and strangers into friends。Guided Writing56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.下面的饼状图显示了某校对学生学业成绩评价的新体制，图表所示的五个方面构成了一个学生的学业成绩。假如你是该校学生，请你以“The New Grading System in Our School”为题用英语写一篇短文，内容包括：1.简要描述图中信息；2.谈谈你对这一新举措的看法并说明原

159、因。图表说明： test results notes homework class performances teamwork_【答案】 The New Grading System in Our School In order to help students develop their abilities in all fields, our school now has asked the teachers to make some changes in the grading system. This chart shows how it works. Students test re

160、sults, which used to be the only way to evaluate a student in school, make up only 30% of his final score. Instead, how a student performs in class, and how he takes notes and does his homework are taken into account, each part of which makes up 20%. Besides, teamwork in class is also important. If

161、you want a higher score, you should be good at working together with your classmates. Im all for the new grading system, which evaluates students in all fields. Only by putting the system into practice, can we fully develop our abilities as well as potential on the way to adulthood and truly make pr

162、eparations for our future life.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于图表作文，要求考生以“The New Grading System in Our School”为题写一篇短文，内容包括：简要描述图表信息以及谈谈对这一新举措的看法并说明原因。【详解】1.词汇积累评估：evaluateassess考虑：take into accountconsider重要的：importantof importance擅长：be good atdo well in2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：Besides, teamwork in class is also important. I

163、f you want a higher score, you should be good at working together with your classmates.拓展句：Besides teamwork in class is also important, which means if you want a higher score, you should be good at working together with your classmates.【点睛】高分句型1 Instead, how a student performs in class, and how he t

164、akes notes and does his homework are taken into account, each part of which makes up 20%.(运用了how 引导的主语从句和of which引导的非限制性定语从句)高分句型2Only by putting the system into practice, can we fully develop our abilities as well as potential on the way to adulthood and truly make preparations for our future life.(运用了only+状语位于句首引起的部分倒装)