2021版高考英语一轮复习 限时规范练3 Unit 2 Heroes A 北师大版必修1.docx

1、限时规范练3 Unit 2 Heroes A核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、发明创造的素养能力意识限时规范练第6页一、阅读理解A“Garlic coffee” can be good news to coffee-loving pregnant women as a man in northeastern Japan invented the drink that looks and tastes like coffee but is made up entirely of locally grown garlic.“My drink is probably the worlds first

2、 of its kind,” said 75-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai,who was a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture.“It contains no caffeine so its good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”Shimotai,who started the drinks sale in January 2017,said the drink was accidentally made from

3、a cooking mistake about 30 years ago,when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at his shop.He mashed (捣烂) the burnt garlic with a spoon and mixed it with hot water.When he drank it,he was surprised at its “coffee-like taste” with bitterness.Shimotai began researching the drink after ret

4、irement,aimed at turning it into a product.After repeating trials and errors on the best way to make it,he created a “coffee” he can be satisfied with about six years ago by using an electric furnace (火炉) to roast the garlic.After cooling it,the garlic is mashed up.Shimotai took a patent on the meth

5、od in 2015,and opened a workshop in neighboring Iwate Prefecture.While his drink has a pleasant smell of roasted garlic,it will not cause bad breath because it is carefully and fully roasted,according to Shimotai.The drink is now available at two souvenir shops in Aomori Prefecture,or by ordering by

6、 telephone.A packet containing one cup of garlic coffee costs 324 yen ($2.8).Orders can be made with his workshop called Techno Baisen Kobo at 0195(37)1999 in the city of Ninohe,Iwate Prefecture.【篇章导读】本文是说明文。一位日本老人用大蒜作为原料发明了一款特别的咖啡。1.What makes “garlic coffee” special?A.It isnt bitter at all.B.It is

7、 caffeine-free.C.It doesnt taste like coffee.D.It is especially good for night workers.答案B解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“Itcontainsnocaffeine”可知,大蒜咖啡不含咖啡因成分。2.What led to Shimotais invention of “garlic coffee”?A.A cooking mistake.B.The market competition.C.Pregnant womens demand.D.His love for garlic and coffee.答案A

8、解析细节理解题。由第三段中的“.thedrinkwasaccidentallymadefromacookingmistakeabout30yearsago”可知,Shimotai因为一次烹饪失误意外做成了这种咖啡。3.What is the purpose of this text?A.To encourage invention.B.To advertise “garlic coffee”.C.To introduce “garlic coffee”.D.To praise Yokitomo Shimotai.答案C解析写作目的题。本文主要介绍了大蒜咖啡发明的契机以及其制作过程,有关它的生产

9、与销售文中只是略有提及,故选C项。BEveryone knows chameleons (变色龙) can change color,but why do they do it? Suppose you were given these three options:(a) to match with their surroundings,(b) to get a mate,or (c) to impress humans.Most people would choose (a).But the real answer is (b).Its not a hard-and-fast rule:th

10、ere is evidence that the colorful changes of some chameleons can be a disguise.For instance,the small-sized chameleon Bradypodion taeniabronchum seems to match its surroundings more closely when facing an enemy with better color vision.For most chameleons,however,changing color is all about getting

11、a mate.In their natural environment,most chameleons match with their surroundings pretty well,says ecologist Kristopher Karsten of California Lutheran University in Thousand Oaks.So when they change color,they tend to make themselves easier to notice.Competing males will often battle it out with a c

12、olor-change fight.The color-change process doesnt work the way you might expect it to either.Most of us would think it is achieved by some kind of pigments (色素).But a study published in March 2015 suggests that the color changes have nothing to do with chemistry at all.Instead,it turns out there are

13、 some nanocrystals (纳米晶体) within the chameleons cells.By changing the positions of these crystals,the chameleon can show different shades of color.Its not just about how chameleons look.They are also unusually good at using their eyes.In a neat study published in July 2015,zoologists showed chameleo

14、ns two objects that moved around a computer screen.The chameleons were able to split their vision,each eye independently focusing on a different object.Eventually,the chameleons seemed to make a choice,both eyes locking onto the same target.This way they could do a better job of judging how far away

15、 the objects were and thus how far to shoot out their tongues.All that said,there is a lot that we still dont know about chameleons.【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了变色龙变色的原因、方法及其眼睛的特殊之处。4.WhydoesBradypodiontaeniabronchumchangecolor?A.Tohuntfood.B.Tocheatitsenemies.C.Tomakeitselfdisappear.D.Toattracthumansattention

16、.答案B解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“.thereisevidencethatthecolorfulchangesofsomechameleons.facinganenemywithbettercolorvision”可知,有些变色龙改变身体颜色是为了伪装自己,而Bradypodiontaeniabronchum这种变色龙便是其中的一个例子,它碰到色彩视感强的敌人时,会变成与周围环境更接近的颜色,以迷惑敌人。5.How do male chameleons compete with each other for a mate?A.By changing color.B.By staring a

17、t each other.C.By fighting with each other.D.By matching with their surroundings.答案A解析细节理解题。由第三段中的“Competingmaleswilloftenbattleitoutwithacolor-changefight.”可知,雄性变色龙决斗的方式是“变色大战”。6.How do chameleons change color?A.By producing more nanocrystals.B.By using different kinds of pigments.C.By changing the

18、 positions of their cells.D.By changing the positions of their nanocrystals.答案D解析细节理解题。由第五段中的“Bychangingthepositionsofthesecrystals.differentshadesofcolor”可知,变色龙通过改变细胞内纳米晶体的位置来显示不同的颜色,从而达到改变身体颜色的效果。7.What is special about chameleons eyes?A.They can tell different colors.B.They can see objects from a

19、 long distance.C.They can notice objects on a computer screen.D.They can focus on two objects at one time.答案D解析细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Thechameleonswereabletosplit.independentlyfocusingonadifferentobject.”可知,变色龙的两只眼睛可以同时分别聚焦在不同的物体上面。二、七选五WhycampisgreatforchildrenIf youve been to camp,youre not surprised to h

20、ear about the advantages of summer camp.Here is a list of the most important reasons to send your kids to camp.At camp,children:Maketruefriends Camp is the place where kids make their very best friends.Free from the social expectations pressuring them at school,camp encourages kids to relax and make

21、 friends easily.1Every day,friendships are created.Learnsocialskills Coming to camp means joining a community where everyone must agree to work together and respect each other.When they live in a small room with others,kids solve problems,and see the importance of open communication.2Growmoreindepen

22、dent3Managing their daily choices in the safe,caring environment of camp,children welcome this as a chance to grow in new directions.Camp helps kids develop who they are.Experiencesuccessandbecomemoreconfident Camp helps children build self-confidence.With its non-competitive activities and differen

23、t chances to succeed,camp life really improves young people.4Camp teaches kids that they can.SpendtheirdaybeingphysicallyactiveAs children spend so much time these days inside and mostly sitting down,camp provides a wonderful chance to move.5Camp is action!A.Camp builds teamwork.B.Theres achievement

24、 every day.C.Running,swimming,jumping,climbing!D.All the fun at camp draws everyone together.E.It is easy for kids to develop what they like to do.F.Camp is the perfect place for kids to practice making decisions for themselves.G.When kids take a break from the Internet,they rediscover their creativ

25、e powers.答案与解析【篇章导读】本文是议论文。文章论述了参加夏令营活动给孩子们带来的好处。1.D根据该段的主题Maketruefriends及下文中的“Everyday,friendshipsarecreated.”可知,夏令营中有趣的活动让大家聚到一起并建立起真挚的友谊。2.A根据上文中的“Learnsocialskills”及“Comingtocampmeansjoiningacommunitywhereeveryonemustagreetoworktogetherandrespecteachother.”可知,夏令营可以帮助孩子们建立团队精神。3.FF项中的内容与该段主题“Gro

26、wmoreindependent”相照应,故选F项。4.BB项中的achievement与该段的主题Experiencesuccess相照应,故选B项。5.C根据下文中的“Campisaction!”可知,夏令营包括很多体育活动。三、语法填空1. (cover) one third of the Earths surface,grasslands sometimes 2. (know) by many names,such as savannah or plains.The health of grasslands depends 3. how much animals feed on nat

27、ive plants.If too many animals feed on the plants,the area could become a desert.But too little feeding can also be bad for grasslands.The Great Plains,4. are famous for supporting large cattle ranches (畜牧场),cover a large area in the middle of the United States.5. (make) their businesses more succes

28、sful by feeding more cattle and sheep without destroying the environment of grasslands,a growing number of local ranchers are joining with 6. (environment) groups willingly nowadays.7. (compare) with the ranchers,these groups pay more attention to the 8. (protect) of the health of grasslands.And one

29、 of their 9. (goal) is to protect native plants and animals.After years of effort,they have increased the income for local ranches,and at 10. same time,they have protected the Great Plains.答案与解析1.Covering考查动词-ing形式做状语的用法。grasslands与cover之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,且cover所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生,故填Covering。2.areknown考查一般现在时的

30、被动语态。由语境可知,设空处是对一般情况的描述,应用一般现在时,又因为grasslands与know之间是被动关系,故填areknown。3.on/upon考查介词。dependon/upon意为“取决于”。4.which考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明TheGreatPlains,且在从句中做主语,故填which。5.Tomake考查不定式做状语的用法。由语境可知,当地牧场与环保小组合作是为了使他们的生意更成功,故填Tomake。6.environmental考查形容词做定语的用法。设空处做定语修饰groups,表示“有关环境的”,故填environmental。7.Compared考查过去分词做状语的用法。compare与thesegroups之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,且compare所表示的动作已完成,故填Compared。8.protection考查名词。由设空处前面的the可知,应填名词,故填protection。9.goals考查名词复数。“oneof+their+可数名词复数形式”表示“他们的之一”。10.the考查定冠词。atthesametime意为“同时”。