2021-2022学年新教材人教版英语必修第一册学案：UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 教学知识细解码 WORD版含解析.DOC

1、1survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过survivor n幸存者；生还者survival n幸存；生存；幸存事物2dead adj.无生命的die vi.死；死亡death n死；死亡3shock n震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的4breath n呼吸breathe vi.&vt.呼吸5revive vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒revival n振兴；复苏6unify vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体unite vi.&vt.团结7suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦

2、suffering n折磨；苦难1affect vt.影响；深深打动；(疾病)侵袭From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team.影响She was affected by the sad story.深深打动Influenza(流感) can affect anybody in any age group.侵袭2shelter n避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)Trees shelter the ho

3、use from the wind.保护We sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun.躲避They live in the shelters set up by the government.避难所3wave n海浪；波浪；涌现的(或事物) vi.&vt.挥手；左右摇晃；招手Dee watched the waves breaking on the rocks.海浪Tommy waved to us as he came across the field.挥手A new wave of fashions came.涌现的人(或事物)Words and

4、Phrases知识要点1rescue n&vt.救援；营救(教材P48)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the floodhit area?救援人员和士兵在洪水灾区做什么？例1The police came to his rescue and sent him home.警察救了他，并把他送回了家。例2A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue those trapped in the building.大批士兵被派往那里营救被困在大楼里的人。知识拓展(1)resc

5、ue sb./sth.from.把从营救出来(2)come to ones rescue 来营救某人a rescue team 救援队即学即练单句语法填空At midnight we finally rescued (rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valley.The firefighters rescued five children from the burning house yesterday.The mother, along with her two children, was_rescued (rescue) from

6、the sinking boat.小片段填空As soon as the accident happened，the rescue team came to the victims rescue，and they didnt give up any hope of rescuing them from danger.(rescue)知识要点2damage vt.损害；破坏n损坏；损失(教材P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?首尔哪些建筑被毁？例1Dont damage your health for a good figure.不要为了好身材而损

7、害你的健康。例2This could cause serious damage to the countrys economy.这可能对国家的经济造成严重破坏。知识拓展(1)do/cause damage to给带来/造成毁坏(2)be badly damaged 遭受严重损害damage ones health 损害某人的健康即学即练完成句子/一句多译It caused/did_damage_to the income of the local farmers.它给当地农民的收入造成了损失。They managed to repair the houses that were_badly_d

8、amaged.他们尽力修复严重受损的房屋。众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。aAs we all know，smoking can do/cause_damage_to_our_health.(damage n)bIt is well known that smoking can damage_our_health.(damage vt.)知识要点3ruin n& vt.破坏；毁坏(教材P50)In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins.在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。例1That mistake ruined his cha

9、nce of getting the job.那个错误使他失去了得到那份工作的机会。例2The ancient temple has fallen into ruins and needs repairing.这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。知识拓展(1)be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭fall into ruins 成为废墟；毁灭(2)ruin ones hope/chance 使某人的希望破灭/机会失去ruin oneself 自我毁灭即学即练单句语法填空This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me

10、and that woman who “ruined (ruin)”it，now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood in ruins (ruin)At that time my wife was_ruining (ruin) her health through worry.知识要点4shock n震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊(教材P50)People were in shockand then，later

11、 that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们都很震惊然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震再次侵袭了唐山。例1It was quite a shock to see my face on that screen!从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已！例2It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.我邻居对待他们孩子的方式让我很是震惊。知识拓展(1)in shock震惊；吃惊be a shock to. 使吃惊(2)shocked adj. 震惊的

12、；惊讶的be shocked at/by 对吃惊be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的即学即练单句语法填空The girl was too shocked (shock) to describe what had happened before the volcano erupted.What I know is that almost 10,000 people lost their lives in the floods last year. Its really shocking (shock)Every staff was

13、in shock when hearing they would take a test on Sunday instead of having a picnic.The news of the famous writer Zha Liangyongs death came as a great shock to everyone.小片段助记We were all shocked at the shocking news that he was still in a state of shock after the accident.However，when he finally came t

14、o himself he looked at us in shock，knowing nothing about the accident.知识要点5(教材P50)Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。(1)trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n险境；陷阱例1If you choose this way，youre

15、 likely to fall into a trap.如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会陷入圈套。例2The car was trapped in the deep snow.汽车陷入了厚厚的积雪中。知识拓展(1)be trapped使陷入困境trap sb.into(doing)sth. 诱骗某人做某事(2)set a trap 设置陷阱；布下圈套fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套即学即练写出下列句子中trap的词性及含义The police trapped the thief into a situation where he could not escape.vt.使陷入

16、圈套，使中计The farmer set several traps for mice in the barn(谷仓)n.(捕捉动物的)陷阱，圈套Jacks fellow workers often turn to him for help when they are trapped in trouble because he is a fountain(源泉) of ideas.vt.使陷入困境小片段填空The hunter set a trap and the rabbit was trapped in it.(trap)(2)bury vt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏例1Pine squirrel

17、s snack on the nuts and bury them one by one in sheltered hollows.松鼠爱吃坚果，并把它们逐个埋藏在隐蔽的树洞里。例2In the past three weeks，we have been burying ourselves in study because the exam is drawing near.在过去的三个星期里， 我们专心地学习， 因为考试即将到来。知识拓展(1)bury.in. 把埋到里；使沉浸于bury ones face in hands 双手掩面(2)be buried in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于bur

18、y oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于即学即练一句多译他专心致志地学习。aHe_buries/buried_himself_in_his_study.(bury oneself)bHe_is/was_buried_in_his_study.(be buried in)由于埋头读书，他不知道外面下雨了。aBurying_himself_in_the_book，he didnt know it was raining outside.(使用现在分词burying作状语)bBuried_in_the_book，he didnt know it was raining outside.(使用

19、过去分词buried作状语)知识要点6effort n努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(教材P50)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.在政府的大力支持和人民坚持不懈的努力下，新的唐山从一片地震废墟中屹然崛起。例1As far as Im concerned，you should make a greater effort to study hard.依我看来， 你应该更

20、加努力学习。例2Its a long climb to the top，but well worth the effort.爬到山顶需要很长时间，虽然费力却很值得。知识拓展spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事 努力做某事即学即练一句多译我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。aWell make_every_effort_to_help you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.bWell spare_no_effort_to_help you，but you m

21、ust get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.cWell make_great_efforts_to_help you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.知识要点7suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(教材P51)What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need?你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？例1There was a gir

22、l student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease.在他班里有一位女学生患有严重的背部疾病。例2He suffered great pains as a result of the accident.由于那次事故，他遭受了很大痛苦。知识拓展(1)suffer from患病；因而受苦suffer from cold and hunger 忍饥挨冻(2)suffering n. 苦难；痛苦sufferer n. 受难者明辨异同suffer from/suffersuffer from表示“遭受战争、自然灾害所带来的苦难”及

23、“患病”，后跟a war，the flood，cough，headache，flu等。suffer其宾语通常是表示损失、失败、痛苦等抽象意义的词，如pain，loss，punishment，disappointment等。即学即练用suffer，suffer from填空/完成句子Im suffering_from a real lack of time this week.They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.Fortunately he suffered_no_pain.幸好他没感到疼痛。He suffered_from all

24、 kinds of diseases in those years.那些年他身患各种各样的疾病。小片段填空The old man has suffered a lot throughout his life. He suffered from war and hunger when he was young. Last month, his sons death brought him more sufferings. Now, with the help of his neighbours and the government, his life begins to turn for the

25、 better.(suffer)Sentence Patterns重点句式1too.to.太不(教材P50)Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡，甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里。句式分析本句是一个并列句。在第一个分句中，句子的主语是Chickens and even pigs，动词不定式短语to eat作结果状语。例1I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.I was so

26、young that I cant understand the meaning of the film.我年龄太小，还不能理解这部电影的含义。例2The problem is too difficult for me to settle.The problem is so difficult that I cant settle it.这个问题太难了， 我解决不了。知识拓展(1)too adj./ adv.(for sb.) to do sth.意为“太而不能”，表示否定意义；too后接形容词或副词，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，动词不定式表示否定意义。(2)too.to.结构表示肯定

27、意义的情况：当too之后跟的是表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词，如glad，eager，anxious，happy，ready，nervous，pleased等时；当“too.to.”结构中含有not或never等否定词时；当too前有only，just，simply，all，but等词时。即学即练同义句转换/完成句子The house is not cheap enough for me to buy.The house is too_expensive_for_me_to_buy.The house is so_expensive_that_I_cant_buy.Hearing the

28、 news，the teacher was so happy.The teacher was too_happy_to_hear the news.He is too_clever_not_to_understand_this.他太聪明，不会不明白这一点。We are too_ready_to_help_you.我们很乐意帮助你。重点句式2as if/as though仿佛；好像(教材P50)It seemed as_if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临！句式分析(1)It seemed as if.这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。(2)

29、as ifas though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导的从句，常放在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系动词之后作表语。 例1Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if it is going to rain.看看天上的乌云！看起来将要下雨。例2Hurry up！It looks as if the train is going to move.快点！看起来火车要开了。知识拓展(1)as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的；(2)as if从句用虚拟语气：从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)；从句用过

30、去完成时(与过去的事实相反)；从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He treats me as if I were (be) his own daughter.They talked as if/though they had_been (be) friends for years.It seems as_if_the_noise_comes_from_downstairs.噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。He talks about Rome as_if_he_had_been_there before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那

31、里似的。(与过去事实相反)It seems as_if_our_team_is_going_to_win.看来我们队要胜了。1Eleven kilometres directly below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.分析本句主句为：one_of_the_most_deadly_earthquakes_of_the_20th_ c

32、entury_had_begun，that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing为定语从句修饰先行词a quake，a quake 与one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century是同位语。译文在城市正下方11千米处，20世纪最致命的一场地震爆发了，就连150千米以外的北京也遭受了此次地震带来的伤害。2Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out

33、those who were trapped and to bury the dead.分析本句主句为：the_army_sent_150,000_soldiers_to_Tangshan;_to dig out. and to bury the dead为动词不定式作目的状语；who were trapped 为定语从句修饰先行词those。译文地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。教材高考1.2,400 homes destroyedIts destroying the environment.(2020全国卷)2.82 killed,500,00

34、0 affectedAthletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance.(2020江苏卷)3.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as s

35、cheduled.(2020全国卷)4.However，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.Once the book youve requested is delivered to the nearest branch，they will inform you by email，so you can pick it up.(2020天津卷).单句语法填空1This is one of the worst natural disasters (dis

36、aster) ever to hit the area.2The old man went through a lot of sufferings(suffer) in the old days.3Trapped (trap) in the ruins，the girl still held a positive attitude.4Though the soldiers have been working for fifteen hours，they carry on looking for survivors (survive) under the ruins.5The noise is

37、too loud to_stand (stand), so she cant live here any longer.6The letter was correctly addressed，but delivered (deliver) to the wrong house.7All the listeners were greatly shocked (shock) when they heard the terrible news on radio.8Buried (bury) under the ruins，the little girl was rather frightened.9

38、What I learn about the violence is that it has caused at least three deaths (die)10A new study shows that people are_affected (affect) to different extents by what they see on television.短语填空think of, as if，look up, as usual, suffer from，in ruins, set up，dig out，in shock，go through1Lets think_of som

39、e questions about life.2They set_up schools，factories and hospitals in this poor area.3We all know that we cant live as_usual without good health.4If you cant keep healthy，you will often suffer_from your weak body.5She went_through many things and suffered a lot at an early age.6After the big fire，t

40、he main building of the church was in_ruins.7He suddenly rushed out，leaving all the people in the room in_shock.8While reading，better not stop to look_up the new words in the dictionary every now and then.9The press watchdogs(狗仔队) spare no effort to dig_out the secrets of those famous people.10He ta

41、lks with a stranger as_if they were good friends.课文语法填空Several days before July 28,1976，many strange things happened in Tangshan.They were 1.signs(sign)for an earthquake.But people 2.who lived there didnt think much of that.At 3：42 am. that day，the earth began 3.to_shake(shake)，which destroyed almos

42、t all the city in less than one minute.Many people，4.including (include) rescue workers and doctors，came 5.to_rescue(rescue)those 6.who were trapped under the ruins.Later that afternoon，another big earthquake hit the city.More people were killed or injured and more buildings fell 7.down.Very soon th

43、e army sent a lot of soldiers to help，and teams 8.were_organised(organise)to dig out the trapped and to bury the dead.By and by things improved and the city began to 9.breathe(breath) again.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people，a new Tangshan 10.was_built(build) upon the earthquake ruins.