2020-2021高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars课时作业3（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

1、Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars.单句语法填空1They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.2Do remember to watch out for cars while crossing the street.3What makes me puzzled (puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.4We live in a global (g

2、lobe) village, but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way.5The biologist (biology) thinks that some plants in this area are in danger of extinction.6Most children need encouragement in the face of failure so that they can cheer up again.7We decided to cut down the tree in front of the w

3、indow because it blocked out the sunlight.8It rained heavily in the south, causing (cause) serious floods in several provinces.9Hearing the exciting news, he was too excited to_say (say) a word.10The boy often breaks in while his parents are speaking.阅读理解Most people have experienced ostracism (孤立) a

4、s an observer, whether in school, at work, or among family or friends. Even the people who are not in trouble often couldnt keep calm when it comes to ostracism. And when a group ostracizes someone out of unkind reasons, others usually view it very negatively as unfair. However, outsiders may also j

5、udge (评判) ostracism to be acceptable, for example, when the person ostracized has behaved out of place.A research team from the University of Basel led by the psychologist Dr. Selma Rudert has now researched five studies. These studies are used to examine by what evidence people are influenced in su

6、ch judgment situations. The number of volunteers in each of the studies ranges from 30 to 527. The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.The researchers showed the vo

7、lunteers various situations of ostracism. Imagine there were three students in a room. The ideas and suggestions from one of the students were regularly taken no notice by the other two. When the ostracized person was “different” from the other two, for example, outsiders judged the ostracism to be

8、unfair. They were annoyed at the two students. However, when the group members were more similar such as all from the same country, the outsiders viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable. “These studies

9、are important for topics such as ostracism in schools or workplaces，” says Rudert. When people are too heavily influenced by factors on the surface only and dont care actual information, it can quickly lead to misjudgments. “In fact，” says Rudert, “you should always try to understand the whole histo

10、ry behind an ostracism situation before judging.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，论述了群体内的相似性影响着人们对孤立现象的评判。1What do outsiders think of ostracism?AIt is always unfair.BIt is unkind to others.CIt can be accepted at times.DIt can help people keep calm.答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“outsiders may also judge ostracism to be acceptab

11、le.”可知，旁观者有时认为孤立是可以接受的。2What can we learn from Paragraph 2?AThere are 2,785 volunteers totally in the studies.BThe ostracized people behave differently from others.CThese studies examine the evidence of peoples differences.DPeople are easily influenced by others when judging somebody.答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据

12、第二段中的“The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.”可知，被孤立的人通常行为举止异于他人。3The outsiders showed negative opinions on the ostracized person when _.Athe person had annoyed th

13、emBthere were more similarities among themCtheir ideas were taken no notice by the personDthey wanted to have no relationship with the person答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“when the group members were more similar such as all from the same country, the outsiders viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought t

14、he ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.”可知，当小组成员有相似之处的时候，旁观者不会同情被孤立的人。4Whats Ruderts suggestion on the ostracism?AGiving support to the ostracized people.BPaying more attention to the ostracized people.CKnowing about the actual situation before judg

15、ing.DAvoiding talking about ostracized people in schools.答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.”可知，Rudert建议人们在评判之前先了解情况。.七选五Your own backyard may be a fun place to play. You may have trees to climb, and insects to stud

16、y. _1_， But did you know these things are related to each other through the food chain? Every part of nature belongs to a community where each member uses the lower members to stay alive.Every part of the world has food chains, including the oceans and the deserts (沙漠). _2_， the whole chain could fa

17、ll apart. The food chain is most disturbed (扰乱) by people because we build neighborhoods on the land where animals live and we pollute the environment. Both these actions make it difficult for other living things to survive.Still there is a lot we can do to protect the parts of food chains. Here are

18、 some ideas that can help：_3_. Make your backyard a place that other living things can enjoy. Plant more flowers and trees. And, most of all, try not to disturb the places where other animals live.Do not pollute the environment. Recycle (回收) any material you can. _4_. Having fewer cars on the road m

19、eans having better air for all of us to breathe.Keep learning about and respecting (尊重) plants, animals, and the environment. _5_. You may even pass it on to your own children someday. Its important that as many people as possible protect nature and keep the food chain whole.AShare your spaceBIf you

20、 ever want to see itCBut if one part is taken awayDWe depend on each other for food and survivalERide your bike or walk to places that you need to goFYou can then pass this information on to your parents and friendsGMaybe you hear birds singing or see your pet cat sleeping in the sun【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介

21、绍了保护生态平衡的重要性以及方法。答案与解析：1G此空设于段中。G项中的“birds singing”和“pet cat sleeping in the sun”与空前的“have trees to climb, and insects to study”相呼应，都是对首段第一句“Your own backyard may be a fun place to play”的解释说明。2C此空设于段中。根据第一段中的“things are related to each other through the food chain”和“Every part of nature belongs to a

22、 community.”可知，食物链中的任何一个部分缺失，都会使整个食物链垮掉。C项中的taken away与该空后的fall apart相呼应。3A此空设于段首。空后的“Make your backyard a place that other living things can enjoy. Plant more flowers and trees”和“try not to disturb the places where other animals live”与A项的Share your space相呼应。4E此空设于段中。由本段小标题Do not pollute the environ

23、ment可知，E项中的“Ride your bike or walk to places”与空前的“Recycle any material”和“Having fewer cars on the road”都是不污染环境的做法。5FF项中的“this information”与该空后的it都是指代本段小标题“Keep learning about and respecting plants, animals, and the environment”。.完形填空A little girl created the perfect Mothers Day gift. It was a drawin

24、g of a _1_ on white paper with the words “For mom: love, love, love” decorated in hearts. She folded (折叠) her letter, _2_ then she lost it.For most people, that would be the _3_ of this story, but this story has a different result: James Carrell _4_ the letter. He had just _5_ his mother, wishing he

25、r a happy Mothers Day. After he got off the phone, Carrell saw the _6_ on the ground outside of a hardware (五金器具) store in Manvel in Texas, United States. “I _7_ it was a note，” said Carrell. “I _8_ it up and saw the flower and hearts. It _9_ moved me.” Carrell thought the letter would _10_ someones

26、 day and maybe he could find the _11_， so he posted it in the Talk of Alvin Facebook group. The message _12_ a lot of people, especially one man. “I was sitting at my friends house and saw a man _13_，” said Carrell.His Facebook comments (评论) included a message from Roberto Alvarado. He wrote, “I can

27、t _14_ you found my babys letter.” Carrell reached out to Alvarado to _15_ the letter. It took a few days, but the men finally _16_ on Thursday night, one day after Alvatados daughter Natalie celebrated her seventh birthday.“_17_ the letter made it home，” said Alvarado. “We are _18_ for what James C

28、arrell did.”We often forget the power of _19_ things, but for this family from Alvin, Carrells small act left a(n) _20_ impression (影响)【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，一名男子捡到一位小女孩写给她母亲的节日祝福信，很受感动。于是他在网上发布帖子寻找主人，最后将其物归原主。1A.baby Bgirl Ccard Dflower答案与解析：D根据下文中的“I. it up and saw the flower and hearts”可知，这幅画画的是一朵花(flowe

29、r)，并且上面有用心形装饰的话语。2A.so Bonce Cbut Duntil答案与解析：C“She folded her letter”与“then she lost it”之间是转折关系，故填but。3A.end Bpart Cscene Dcause答案与解析：A根据第一段可知，小女孩丢了自己画的一幅画。通常这样的物品丢了以后，没人会在意。也就是说，对大多数人来说，故事就这样结束(end)了。4A.wrote Bfound Cremembered Danswered答案与解析：B根据上文中的“she lost it”以及下文中的“I cant. you found my babys l

30、etter”可知，James Carrell捡到了(found)女孩写给她母亲的节日祝福信。5A.promised Binvited Cseen Dcalled答案与解析：D根据下文中的“After he got off the phone”可知，Carrell刚刚给他的母亲打电话(called)。6A.paper Bwords Cpen Dtools答案与解析：A根据上文可知，Carrell捡到了那位女孩写给母亲的祝福信。结合第一段中的“It was a drawing. on white paper”可知，此处表示，当Carrell挂断电话之后，在一家五金店外面看见了地上的纸(paper)

31、。7A.proved Bexplained Cknew Dheard答案与解析：C此处表示Carrell知道(knew)那是一封信。8A.opened Bput Cgave Dmade答案与解析：A根据本句中的“saw the flower and hearts”可知，Carrell打开(opened)那封信。9A.hardly Breally Clightly Drepeatedly答案与解析：B根据信的内容以及Carrell接下来的做法可知，Carrell很(really)受感动。10A.start Bcontinue Cruin Dbrighten答案与解析：D结合语境可推断，此处表示C

32、arrell觉得收信人看到这份礼物一定会很高兴(brighten)。11A.owner Bman Chouse Dthing答案与解析：A根据本句中的“so he posted it in the Talk of Alvin Facebook group”可知，Carrell觉得他可能会找到信的主人(owner)。12A.protected Bhelped Ctouched Dchanged答案与解析：C根据下文中的“His Facebook comments included a message from Roberto Alvarado”可知，Carrell在网上发布了关于这封信的信息，收

33、到了人们的评论。故此表示这条消息感动了(touched)很多人，特别是一位男士。13A.leave Barrive Ctry Dreply答案与解析：D根据下文中的“His Facebook comments included a message from Roberto Alvarado”可知，Carrell正在朋友家里坐着，看见有一个男士回复(reply)了消息。14A.say Bbelieve Cunderstand Daccept 答案与解析：BHe指的是女孩的父亲Alvarado，他感到很惊讶，无法相信(believe)Carrell捡到了女儿的信。15A.read Bsign Cr

34、eturn Dget答案与解析：C根据上文可知，Carrell在网上发布消息想找到信的主人。故他联系Alvarado，想归还(return)那封信。16A.failed Bmet Cstopped Dagreed答案与解析：B根据上文中的“Carrell reached out to Alvarado”以及下文中的“the letter made it home”可推断，Carrell和Alvarado取得联系后，见了面(met)。17A.Naturally BSuddenlyCSecretly DFinally答案与解析：D根据上文可知，这封信能够物归原主经历了一些过程，故Alvarado说

35、最终(Finally)这封信到家了。18A.ready BthankfulCfamous Dfit答案与解析：B根据上文可知，Carrell捡到小女孩的祝福信，并想方设法将其还给她。故女孩一家应该非常感激(thankful)Carrell。19A.little Bold Cspecial Dboring答案与解析：A根据下文中的“small act”可知，此处表示我们经常忽视小(little)事情的力量。20A.opposite BunclearClasting Dgeneral答案与解析：C结合全文，根据本句中的forget和but可知，对于Alvarado全家来说，Carrell的微小行动给他们带来深远的(lasting)影响。