2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit6SpaceandbeyondStartingout.doc

1、Unit 6 Space and beyondStarting out & Understanding ideas. 单句语法填空1. They have no way to dispose of the hazardous(hazard)waste they produce. 2. He went to an unexceptional(exceptional) state school, not a fancy private one. 3. Self-driving shuttles (shuttle)and solar cars were also on display at the

2、2014 show. 4. Neighbours have invited us out, given us clothes, and taken us on excursions(excursion). 5. The beauty of the Internet, experts say, is that it has rekindled(rekindle) the joy of writing. 6. “How much longer must I go on like this? ” she asked herself tragically(tragic). 7. One of the

3、back wheels shattered his skull and killed him instantaneously(instantaneous). 8. He walked along in the shadows (shadow), hoping no one would recognize him. 9. I think he fell down the stairs, and he screamed (scream)for two or three minutes. 10. Julie was suspended (suspend)from her job shortly af

4、ter the incident. . 选词填空set foot on; become accustomed to; be aware of; take off; tune in; be about to; a sense of; on board; cast a shadow on; take ones place 1. Just after he finished repairing, he was aware of his mistake right away. 2. This is the first time I have left my country and set foot o

5、n foreign soil. 3. The six astronauts on board will spend ten days in space. 4. We have become accustomed to his way of speaking. 5. He took off at once and headed back to the motel. 6. More than six million youngsters tune in to Blockbusters every day. 7. It makes me extremely angry that he has not

6、 turned up when the train is about to leave. 8. Mr Chen is ill today. Ill take his place to give you a lesson. 9. The tree cast a shadow on the grass. 10. Bringing up a child alone should give you a sense of achievement. . 翻译句子1. 他回到家里, 又饿又累。(形容词作状语)He arrived home, hungry and tired. 2. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加

7、入我们的俱乐部。(介词+宾语从句)We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 3. 听到这个消息, 他们都高兴得跳了起来。(现在分词作状语)Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 4. 当我出门时, 开始下雨了。As I was going out, it began to rain. 5. 下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。The next train to arrive was from New York. . 阅读理解AWhats a spacewalk? Any

8、 time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things. By going on spacewalks, a

9、stronauts can also fix certain things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix. When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the

10、 spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft, which connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating away into space. Another way

11、astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space. How do astronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwate

12、r in a huge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实). It looks and feels just like a spacewalk. Today, only three countries have finish

13、ed spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev.

14、 He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空行走。解释了进行太空行走的原因, 太空行走的流程和宇航员如何进行太空行走训练的。最后提到了只有三个国家独立完成了太空行走, 列举了这三个国家在太空行走方面取得的成就。1. What can an astronaut do by going on a spacewalk? A. Fix different objects. B. Collect any thing he wants. C. Carr

15、y out an experiment. D. Study how things change in space. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知宇航员进行太空行走的原因有很多。例如, 实验可以放在航天器的外部。这让科学家了解在太空环境中是如何影响不同事物的。由此可知, 宇航员进行太空行走能进行实验。故选C。2. What does the underlined word “tethers” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Special ropes. B. Spacesuits. C. Spacecraft. D. Special backpack

16、s. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据后文which connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft可知tethers是连接太空行走者和宇宙飞船的, 可推测tethers是指一种特殊的绳子。由此可知, 画线单词意思为“特殊的绳子”。故选A。3. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. Walking in space is as easy as going swimming. B. A virtual reality should be used in a spacewalk. C. Only

17、 three countries have ever tried spacewalk. D. Russia keeps the world record of spacewalks. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知太空行走的世界纪录由俄罗斯宇航员Anatoly Solovyev保持。他已经进行了16次太空行走, 在太空中度过了82个多小时。由此可知, 俄罗斯保持着太空行走的世界纪录。故选D。4. Where is this passage most likely from? A. A diary. B. A magazine. C. A novel. D. A guidebook.

18、 【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章主要介绍了太空行走。解释了进行太空行走的原因, 太空行走的流程和宇航员如何进行太空行走训练的。最后提到了只有三个国家独立完成了太空行走, 列举了这三个国家在太空行走方面取得的成就。可知文章属于科学知识类, 结合选项可知最有可能来自一本杂志。故选B。BPhotographic self-portraits have existed for as long as cameras have been in human hands. But what about selfies in space? On Twitter last year, NASA astronaut

19、 Edwin Aldrin, who famously became the second man to walk on the moon in July 1969, laid claim to a spaceflight first: taking the first selfie in space during the Gemini XII mission in 1966. “For me, it needs to be digital to be selfie, ” argues Jennifer Levasseur, a director at the Smithsonian Nati

20、onal Air and Space Museum. According to Levasseur, the concept of a selfie is directly linked to internet culture. “The thing that makes a selfie is sharing it, ” she says. Still, astronauts have been carrying cameras aboard space vehicles since the 1960s. In 1966, Aldrin used a Hasselblad camera de

21、signed specifically for space. Hasselblad also painted the first camera in space a matte(不光亮的)black to reduce reflections in the orbiter window. But cameras used in space need to survive extreme conditions, like temperature swings from -149F to 248F, so Hasselblad painted later model silver. Astrona

22、uts visiting the moon then had to take out the film and leave their camera bodies behind when they returned to Earth, because early space missions were limited by a weight limit on the returned trip. Then a big change in space camera technology came after the space shuttle Columbia broke apart on it

23、s return to Earth in 2003, Levasseur notes. “Fear that theyd never be able to bring film back from space and lose all that hard work accelerated the push for digital, ” she says. Today, astronauts also have access to internet and social platforms in space and can post true space selfies made using d

24、igital cameras. Similarly, space robots are participating in selfie culture, capturing remote pictures of themselves in space or on other planets and sending them back to Earth. 【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了太空自拍的历史。5. Why do selfies in space need to be digital according to Jennifer Levasseur? A. Astronauts a

25、re fond of studying technology. B. Astronauts are eager to be famous on the Internet. C. Astronauts desire to communicate on social platforms. D. Astronauts want to overcome the fear in space. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“对我来说, 自拍必须是数码的, ”史密森国家航空航天博物馆的主管Jennifer Levasseur说。Levasseur表示, 自拍的概念与网络文化直接相关。“自拍的关键在于

26、分享, ”她说。可推断出Jennifer Levasseur认为太空自拍之所以需要数字化是因为宇航员想在人类的社交平台交流与互动。故选C。6. Why can the Hasselblad camera adjust to the temperature changes in space? A. It is painted silver. B. Its matte black gathers light. C. Its design is special. D. It can reduce reflection itself. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句可知但在太空中使用

27、的相机需要在极端条件下, 比如温度从-149F到248F的波动中还能使用的, 所以Hasselblad在后来的模型上涂上了银色。由此可推断出, Hasselblad的照相机能适应太空气温的变化是因为它被漆成了银色。故选A。7. What contributed to the faster development of camera technology in space? A. The heavy space tasks. B. A returned space shuttle. C. A spaceflight crash. D. The improved film. 【解析】选C。细节理解

28、题。根据第四段中的第二、三句可知2003年哥伦比亚号航天飞机在返回地球时爆炸解体后, 太空摄影技术发生了重大变化。莱瓦瑟说: “担心他们永远无法把胶卷从太空带回来, 使所有的辛苦工作没有了, 这加速了数字化的发展。”由此可知, 是一次太空飞行事故促成了太空摄像技术的快速发展。故选C。8. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Origin of Selfies in SpaceB. The Brief History of Selfies in SpaceC. The Significance of Selfies in Space

29、D. The Popularity of Selfies in Space【解析】选B。标题归纳题。本文第一段最后一句引出太空自拍的话题后, 下文介绍了自拍的起源, 以及太空自拍的现状。由此可推断出, 本文简单介绍了太空自拍的历史。所以最适合这篇文章的题目是“太空自拍的简史”。故选B。. 阅读填句Ways to Get Your Kids into NatureBeing in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits. There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your chil

30、drens lives, even if you live in the city. Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself. A parents excitement can be spread to the children, and when you show respect for nature, your children follow suit. 1. “I dont know! Lets find out together. ” is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling. Be open

31、to a mutual adventure and allow your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children. 2. If you have to carpool(拼车)in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window. The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and

32、 migrating birds. After all, even views of nature from the car window are calming and beneficial. Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in your childrens health and well-being. If you view nature time as essential to good health, you will be more

33、likely to engage in it. 3, nurturing creativity and wonder are part of your responsibility as parents. Look at the stars. Visit your local observatory, and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing(天体观察)with a blanket and telescope. Observing the stars offers a deepe

34、r and wider understanding of the universe. 4. Plant a small garden. 5. Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth. A. Limit electronic devices while drivingB. Encourage questions you dont know the answers toC. If you want

35、 to raise your healthy, well-balanced childrenD. If you have the space, help your children plant a few vegetablesE. It will teach teamwork, pride in the community, and family togethernessF. If your child is interested, encourage him to get involved in the communityG. Allow yourself to think about it

36、, and talk to your children about that wonder【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。1. 【解析】选B。由后一句可知, “我不知道! 让我们一起找到答案”这是一个非常棒的可以让活动继续下去的方式。此处表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题, 从而引起好奇心。选项B中的“不知道答案的问题”和后一句中的“我不知道! 让我们一起找到答案”相呼应, 符合语境。故选B。2. 【解析】选A。由后一句可知, 如果你必须在早上拼车, 那么关掉电子设备, 然后鼓励你的孩子们往窗外看看。选项A表达的是“开车的时候限制电子设备”, 和后

37、一句中的“关掉电子设备”相呼应。故选A。3. 【解析】选C。由空格前两句可知, 与自然接触是对你孩子健康和幸福的必要投资。选项C表达的是“如果你想要培养出健康而且明智的孩子”, 是对空格前两句中的“对孩子健康和幸福的必要投资”的承接。故选C。4. 【解析】选G。由空格前一句可知, 观察星空能够加深对宇宙的理解。选项G表达的是“允许你自己去思考它, 并且和你的孩子们谈论那种神奇”, 选项G种的“那种神奇”指代的是前一句表达的“对宇宙的理解”, 前后呼应。故选G。5. 【解析】选D。由空前后可知, 开辟一个小菜园。豆角和豌豆可以快速生长, 当成熟的时候就可以食用, 这样可以教会你的孩子们关于食物和

38、生长的奇迹。选项D表达的是“如果你有空间, 帮助你的孩子们种一些蔬菜”, 是对前后的承接与呼应。故选D。完形填空Space exploration has always been the province of 1: The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (聪明才智)struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in

39、 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries 2the first manned rockets started to fly. In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the3s end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the sam

40、e way as the most famous 4 speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and5American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up 6each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely p

41、ragmatic (讲求实用的)and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its 7. When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle

42、program has just come to an end, with no8. The perpetual argument is that 9 are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury10 saving one-thousandth of a single years budget would s

43、olve our problems. But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, 11out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galac

44、tic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within 12 of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream. The space dreamers end up benefiting all of usnot just because of the way they exp

45、and human knowledge, or because of the spin-off 13 they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can 14what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the en

46、vironment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is 15greatness, the more we will actually achieve it. 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直是梦想家的领域, 它激发了人类的想象力和创造力。而人类的聪明才智也紧追不舍, 最终将人类送上了太空。1. A. dre

47、amersB. explorersC. astronomersD. novelists【解析】选A。句意: 太空探索一直是梦想家的领域: 人类的想象力随时可以在人类的聪明才智努力追随的地方翱翔。 dreamers梦想家; explorers探险家; astronomers天文学家; novelists小说家。该空格对应着后句中的the human imagination, 因此推断应该是梦想家。故选A。2. A. after B. before C. until D. while【解析】选B。句意: 直到他死后三百年第一个人造火箭才开始飞行。 after在之后; before在之前; unti

48、l直到才; while当时候。根据句意和常识可知, 是在他死后才有的人造飞船。故选B。3. A. yearB. quarterC. centuryD. decade【解析】选D。句意: 1961年, 当肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人送上月球时, 那些话也有一种梦幻般的意味。 year年; quarter一刻钟; century世纪; decade十年。该空对应着后文中的by the end of the decade, 因此选用decade。故选D。4. A. inspiringB. publicC. dreamD. freedom【解析】选C。句意: 这些演讲中洋溢着乐观和雄心壮志, 就像

49、马丁路德金发表的最著名的梦想演讲一样。 inspiring鼓舞人心的; public公众的; dream梦想; freedom自由。全文集中讲述梦想, 所以是梦想演讲。故选C。5. A. attackedB. industrializedC. transformedD. accessed【解析】选C。句意: 在这十年结束前, 这两种愿景都取得了具体成果, 改变了美国社会。 attacked攻击; industrialized使工业化; transformed转变; accessed接近。故选C。6. A. in conflict withB. in line withC. in common

50、withD. keeping pace with【解析】选A。句意: 然而, 这两个梦想在很多方面都以相互冲突而告终。 in conflict with和冲突; in line with符合, 与一致; in common with与一样; keeping pace with 跟上。句子中yet 形成转折, 因此选择两种梦想互相冲突。故选A。7. A. aimsB. influencesC. concernsD. terms【解析】选A。句意: 探索太空的欲望正好相反。在它的目的上, 无论是比喻上还是字面上, 它都是超凡脱俗的。 aims目标; influences影响; concerns关心

51、; terms条款。根据上文The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. 可知, 此处是指目标上。故选A。8. A. ancestorB. successorC. forefatherD. advocate【解析】选B。句意: 技术上受到威胁的航天飞机计划刚刚结束, 没有继任者。 ancestor祖先; successor继承人; forefather先辈;

52、 advocate拥护者。与上文中的has just come to an end顺承, 即航天飞机计划搁浅并且没有继承人。故选B。9. A. situationsB. securitiesC. fundsD. schedules【解析】选C。句意: 长期的争论是资金紧张, 我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。situations状况; securities证券; funds资金, 基金; schedules日程安排。与后句中的federal deficit(联邦财政赤字)对应, 应该是财政吃紧。故选C。10. A. just likeB. on condition thatC. as ifD. so

53、 that【解析】选C。句意: 到达太空是非必需的奢侈品, 好像我们需要节省一整年的千分之一的预算才能解决我们的问题。 just like正如; on condition that如果; as if好像; so that 以便。根据句意, 尤其是空前的破折号可知, 此处是一种比方。故选C。11. A. makingB. figuringC. sweepingD. mapping【解析】选D 。句意: 他们将扮演现代麦哲伦的角色, 为探险者绘制出太阳系的蓝图, 无论探险者是人还是机器。making制作; figuring计算; sweeping打扫; mapping绘图。根据句意中提到的Mage

54、llans可知, 此处是指为探险者绘制蓝图。故选D。12. A. reachB. managementC. controlD. knowledge【解析】选A。句意: 几年后, 富裕的平民百姓可以进行私人太空飞行。reach范围; management管理; control控制; knowledge知识。within reach of 够得到, 结合句意。故选A。13. A. productionsB. chipsC. technologiesD. substitutes【解析】选C。句意: 太空梦想家最终使我们所有人受益不仅仅是因为他们扩展人类知识的方式, 或者因为他们生产的副产品技术, 而

55、是因为这两种梦想相互促进。 productions产品; chips炸薯条; technologies技术; substitutes替代品。结合句意和语境及句中的or可知, 此处是指技术。故选C。14. A. go beyondB. go throughC. go afterD. go over【解析】选A。句意: 马丁路德金和约翰肯尼迪都呼吁人们能够超越曾经被认为是固有的局限性。 go beyond超出; go through经历; go after追求; go over复习。根据下文Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the drea

56、mers will deserve a lot of the credit. 明天我们也将超越这些, 而梦想家们将得到很大的赞扬。可知, 此处是指超出固有的局限性。故选A。15. A. in ignorance ofB. capable ofC. proud ofD. in favor of【解析】选B。句意: 我们收集到的证据越多, 表明我们这个物种有能力成就伟大的事业, 我们就会取得越多的成就。in ignorance of不知道; capable of能够; proud of为自豪; in favor of支持。根据上文Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. 可知, 这些都是我们的能力。故选B。