天津市宝坻区大白庄高级中学高中英语（外研版选修八）配套学练稿：MODULE3GRAMMAR.doc

1、定义:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。充当定语的有：形容词、代词、名词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句。1形容词作定语：Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.2数词作定语相当于形容词：Twoboysneedtwopens.3代词或名词所有格作定语：HisboyneedsTomspen.4介词短语作定语：Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.5名词作定语：Theboyneedsaballpen.6副词作定语：Theboythereneedsapen.7不定式作定语：Theboyto

2、writethisletterneedsapen.Thereisnothingtodotoday.8分词(短语)作定语：Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.Therearefiveboysleft.定语从句1.在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。2.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。3.引导定语从句的连词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词:_1who指_,作_或_(作_可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsisc

3、alledathief.whom指_作_(作_可省略,如_提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.2which指_,作_或_(作_可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder(which)heisusingismadeinJapan.3that指_,作_或_(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout4WhoseThi

4、sistheroomwhosewindowswasbroken.=_=_注意：that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。Iamsureshehassomethingthatyoucanborrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthef

5、irstbookthathehasread.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(5)先行词既有人又有物在下列情况下只用which,不用that。1.引导非限定性定语从句。2.直接作介词的宾语。3.避免与that重复。5介词+关系代词=_ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.=_Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub=_注意:介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。Isthisthelibraryfromw

6、hichyouborrowbooks?6as/whichAs引导的定语从句位于_.常与_等连用。Which引导的定语从句位于_。Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.=_=_Tomdidntpasstheexam,whichmadehismotherveryangry.关系副词:_ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.比较(1)Thisisthemountainvillage_Istayedlastyear(2)Thisisthemountainvillage_whichIvisitedlastyear.(3

7、)Iwillneverforgettheday_wespenttogether.(4)Iwillneverforgettheday_welivetogether.(5)Thereason_IamabsentfromschooltodayisthatIamill.(6)Thereason_heexplainedisnotreasonable.练习：1IwishtothankProfessionSmith,without_helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.AwhoBwhoseCwhomDwhich2By16:30,_wasalmostclosingtime,nearlya

8、llthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB.9whenC.whatD.that3Marinhaswrittentwonovels,bothof_havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what4.Thelecture,_at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwhittelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartedC.tostartD.tobestarted5.Weliveinanage_moreinformati

9、onisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.AwhyBwhenCtowhomDonwhich6Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.AforwhichBwithwhichCofwhichDtowhich7Theprizewillgotothewriter_storyshowsthemostimagine.AthatBwhichCwhoseDwhat8Hisfirstbook_nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A

10、publishedBtobepublishedCtopublishDbeingpublished9IwillspendhalftheholidaypracticingEnglishand_halflearningdrawing.AantherBtheotherCothersDother10Theflowers_sweetintheparkattractthepasserbytothebeautifulofnature.AtosmellBsmellingCsmeltDtobesmelt11TheScienceMuseum,_wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,

11、isoneofLondonstouristattractions.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhere12_isreportedinthenewspaper,anotherterribleearthquackoccurredinYushu,QinghaionthemorningofApril14,2000.AWhatBItCAsDWhich13Theforeignguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirshows_theysawinthekindergarden.AwhatBwhoCwhichDthat14Hewaseducatedattheloca

12、lschool,_hewentontoBeijingUniversity.AafterwhichBafterthatCinwhichDinthat15Nextwinter,_youwillspendinHainan,Iamsure,willbeanexcitingholiday.AwhichBwhenCwhatDwhereHomework：Newspaper练习：1IwishtothankProfessionSmith,without_helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.AwhoBwhoseCwhomDwhich2By16:30,_wasalmostclosingtim

13、e,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB.9whenC.whatD.that3Marinhaswrittentwonovels,bothof_havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what4.Thelecture,_at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwhittelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartedC.tostartD.tobestarted5.Weliveinanage_more

14、informationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.AwhyBwhenCtowhomDonwhich6Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.AforwhichBwithwhichCofwhichDtowhich7Theprizewillgotothewriter_storyshowsthemostimagine.AthatBwhichCwhoseDwhat8Hisfirstbook_nextmonthisbasedonatr

15、uestory.ApublishedBtobepublishedCtopublishDbeingpublished9IwillspendhalftheholidaypracticingEnglishand_halflearningdrawing.AantherBtheotherCothersDother10Theflowers_sweetintheparkattractthepasserbytothebeautifulofnature.AtosmellBsmellingCsmeltDtobesmelt11TheScienceMuseum,_wevisitedduringarecenttript

16、oBritain,isoneofLondonstouristattractions.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhere12_isreportedinthenewspaper,anotherterribleearthquackoccurredinYushu,QinghaionthemorningofApril14,2000.AWhatBItCAsDWhich13Theforeignguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirshows_theysawinthekindergarden.AwhatBwhoCwhichDthat14Hewaseducatedatthelocalschool,_hewentontoBeijingUniversity.AafterwhichBafterthatCinwhichDinthat15Nextwinter,_youwillspendinHainan,Iamsure,willbeanexcitingholiday.AwhichBwhenCwhatDwhereHomework：newspaper