南京师范大学附属实验学校2012届高三英语语法专题复习讲义12.doc

1、高三英语语法专题复习讲义（12）Part 1高考高频短语（12）1. Would you please _ this form for me to see if Ive filled it in right? 2007年浙江卷 A. take off B. look after C. give up D. go over2. Shes having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesnt know whom to _. 2007年重庆卷A. turn to B. look forC. deal withD. talk abo

2、ut3. Have you _ some new idea ? 2007年江苏卷 - Yeah. Ill tell you later. A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with4. - Do you think the housing price will keep _in the years to come? - Sorry, I have no idea. 2007年江苏卷 A. lifting up B. going up C. bringing up D. growing up5. If your race

3、 car isnt insured, you may losing everything when it hits something solid 2007上海春季招生AdelayBdenyCavoidDrisk6. The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was _ on the radio yesterday. 2007年福建卷A. turned out B. found out C. given out D. carried out7. Its the sort of work that a high level o

4、f concentration. 2007年山东卷 Acalls for Bmakes up Clies in Dstands for 8. In this seaside resort, you can all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism. 2007年山东卷Aenjoy Bapply Creceive Dachieve 9. We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didnt quite _as planned. 2007年陕西卷A. find outB. give ou

5、tC. hand outD. work out10. Dont be _ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. 2007年辽宁卷A. taken off B. taken out C. taken away D. taken in11. Dont take too much of the medicine; it does you more harm than good if you . 2007年江西卷 A. do B. take C. like D. have12. At minus 130, a living cel

6、l can be _ for a thousand years. 2007年上海卷 A. sparedB. protectedC. preservedD. developed13. We _the last bus and didnt have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home. (06全国卷一)A. reached B. lost C. missed D. caught14. Mike didnt play football yesterday because he had _ his leg. B(06全国卷一)A. damaged B.

7、 hurt C. hit D. struck15. It was already past midnight and only three young men _in the tea house（06安徽卷）Aleft Bremained Cdelayed DdesertedPart3 Grammar: 主谓一致I Analysis 主谓一致是指句中的主语和谓语的致。我们一般遵从三个原则：1、 语法一致的原则：指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况；1）以along with, together with, with, as well as, accompani

8、ed by, rather than, but, except 连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。例如：Several passengers, together with the driver, were hurt.2）表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。例如： Fifty years is not a long time.3） 非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Early to bed and early to rise is healthful.4）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each, ev

9、ery, no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如：Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.2、 意义一致的原则：指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志，主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。例如：The population of the earth is increasing very fast.类似这样的集体名词有：family, class, audience, committee （委员会）, crowd,

10、crew, group, party, population, team, public, council （理事会）, village等。 3、 就近原则：指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词。1） 以eitheror, or, neithernor和not onlybut also连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数形式应与离谓语最近的主语保持一致。例如： Either you or he has to go there with me. 2） 由there或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。例如： Here is a pen, a few envelope

11、s and some paper for you. 测试热点1由 many a 或 more than + 单数名词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。 Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall. More than one student has visited the exhibition. 2“的几分之几”和“的百分之几” 作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于 of 后的名词。 Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 40 percent of the students in our clas

12、s are girls. 3“a number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数； “ the number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。 A number of pupils like reading picture-books. The number of the students in our class is 55. 4并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。 The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often works wi

13、th the workers. 5成对的名词，如bread and butter涂黄油的面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt and water盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数。 A knife and fork is on the table. 6由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each, every或no修饰时，其谓语用单数形式。 No student and no teacher is invited to the party. In our country ev

14、ery boy and every girl has right to receive education. 7主语是单数，其后跟有together with, along with (与一道)，as well as (和；也)，no less than (和一样)，rather than (而不)，以及with, not, like, but, except, besides, including 等引起的短语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 He as well as his sister is a League member. 8在定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which,谓

15、语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 I, who am your teacher, will teach you everything I know. 9主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等时，谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓语用单数。 My trousers are being washed now. There is a pair of shoes in the box. 10表示度量、价格、时间的复数名词词组作主语时一般

16、被看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。 Ten dollars is not enough. Three months has passed since he left. 11主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词以及news, works (工厂)等都属形式复数，而意义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。 Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn. A new means of teaching is being used in that school. 注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。My mathem

17、atics are week. 12主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词，谓语一般用单数形式。 The United States is a developed country. 13主语是family, team, group, crowd, class, committee等集合名词时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式，如指的是全体人员时，谓语用复数。 His family are all music lovers. 14“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”之前有the only, the very, the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 She

18、is the only one of these women who plays the violin. 15主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。Half of the visitors are from Europe. Half of the fruit is bad.16主语是表示数量的“one and a half +复数名词”，其谓语用单数形式。主语是“one or two + 复数名词”，其谓语用复数形式。 O

19、ne and a half bananas is left on the table. There are one or two things Id like to know about. 17the +形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数。如： The rich are not always happy. The new is sure to replace the old. 18由not only but also, neithernor, eitheror, not but以及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词要与最靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。 Not o

20、nly your fathers friends but also your father likes smoking.19在倒装句中以及在There be 结构中，如主语是并列的，谓语动词往往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致。 Where is your mother and younger sister? There is a pen , two pencils and five books on the desk. 20主语 people 作“人们，人民”解时，谓语动词用复数，作“民族”解时，有单复数之分。 Our people is a great one. There are 56

21、 peoples in China. 21主语是a / this / that kind of +名词，谓语用单数形式，主语指的不是一种而是多种，谓语动词用复数。 This kind of cloth feels soft. There are different kinds of animals. 22主语是“each of ”，“neither of ”，“either of ”，“one of”等时，其谓语用单数。 Each of them has his own duty. 23陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody,

22、anyone, nobody, no one或 no +复数名词等作主语时，反意部分用they。而陈述部分用everything, something, nothing, anything时，反意部分代词则采用单数，用it。 Somebody is waiting for you, aren they? Everything is all right, isnt it? 24动名词或动词不定式作主语，其谓语用单数形式。 When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet. 25用引号的词语作主语时，谓语用单数第三人称。 “I”

23、is the ninth letter of the English Alphabet. 26在强调结构中如被强调的是句子的主语，则who或that 后面的谓语动词的人称和数应和主语一致。 It is Mike who always helps me study maths after class .27wish后接宾语从句用虚拟语气，如表示与现在事实相反，无论主语是单数还是复数，be动词用were。 I wish I were ten years younger. 28police, cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语用复The murderer has run away. The pol

24、ice are searching for him. 29算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数，其谓语常用单数形式，也可用复数。 Five times four is twenty. 30youth作“青年们”解作主语时，谓语用复数。 The youth of China today are doing their best to study modern science and technology. II Practice 1. Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invited 2008

25、年陕西卷A. were B. have been C. has been D. was2. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 3. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. 2007年浙江卷 A. ha

26、snt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided4. A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for ones health. A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are5. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _also true of the Johnso

27、ns （安徽卷）Aare Bis Cbeing Dto be6. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting afternoon. (江苏卷)A. is B. are C. was D. were7. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going8

28、. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. (浙江卷) A. is B. are C. was D. were9. As you can see, the number of cars on roads _ rising these days. (全国二)A. we keepingB. keepC. keepsD. were keeping10. Nowadays, a large number of

29、 women, especially those from the countryside, _in the clothing industry. Ais working BworksCworkDworked11. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. （05山东） A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away12. The country life

30、 he was used to _ greatly since 1992. （05山东） A. change B. has changedC. changing D. have changed13. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. （05上海） A. work B. workingC. is working D. are working14. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that

31、the director is going to resign. (04上海春招) A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know15. All the employees except the manager _to work online at home. (04广东)A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged16. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visiting a museum when th

32、e earthquake struck. (04北京) A. was B. wereC. had beenD. would be 17. He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years. (2002上海春) A. is B. are C. have been D. has been18. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (2000上海春) A. is

33、 used B. are usedC. has been used D. have been used19. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. （1990全国） A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 20. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. （1989全国） A. is B. are C. am D.

34、be 21. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea. A. is B. are C. were D. has been 22. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 23. Nobody but Jane_ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 24. A good deal of money _ spent on books. A. have B. has C. have bee

35、n D. has been 25. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. （09湖南）A. are B. is C. have D. be26.（2011安徽卷）27. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were 27. (2011湖南卷) One third of the

36、 country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 28. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. （10湖南） A. is B. are C. has D. have29Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，however

37、，some difficult to understandAare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis：are30.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress. （10全国）A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have wornPart 3 综合能力训练（2011北京卷）完形填空I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didnt like attention drawn

38、to myself. And 36 otherwise assigned（指定）a seat by the teacher, I always 37 to sit at the back of the classroom.All this 38 after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team. At first I thought it was a crazy 39 because I didnt have a good sense of bala

39、nce, nor did I have the 40 to keep pace with the others on the team and they would tease me. But for the teacher who kept insisting on my “ 41 for it”, I wouldnt have decided to give a try.Getting up the courage to go to the tryouts was only the 42 of it! When I first started 43 the practice session

40、s, I didnt even know the rules of the game, much 44 what I was doing. Sometimes Id get 45 and take a shot at the wrong directionwhich made me feel really stupid. 46 , I wasnt the only one “new” at the game, so I decided to 47 on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too

41、hard on myself for the things I didnt 48 “just yet”.I practiced and practiced. Soon I knew the 49 and the “moves”. Being part of a team was fun and motivating. Very soon the competitive 50 in me was winning over my lack of confidence. With time, I learned how to play and made friends in the 51 frien

42、ds who respected my efforts to work hard and be a team player. I never had so much fun!With my 52 self-confidence comes more praise from teachers and classmates. I have gone from “53” in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself, 54 raising my hand even when I sometimes w

43、asnt and not 100 percent 55 I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence in myself.36. A. as B. until C. unless D. though37. A. hoped B. agreed C. meant D. chose38. A. continued B. changed C. settled D. started39. A. idea B. plan C.belief D. saying40. A. right B. chance C. ability D.patie

44、nce41. A. going B. looking C. cheering D. applying42. A. point B. half C. rest D. basis43. A. enjoying B. preparing C. attending D. watching44. A. less B. later C. worse D. further45. A. committed B. motivated C. embarrassed D. confused46. A. Interestingly B. Fortunately C. Obviously D. hopefully47.

45、 A. focus B. act C. rely D. try48. A. want B. do C. support D. know49. A. steps B. orders C. rules D. games50. A. roles B. part C. mind D. value51. A. process B. operation C. movement D. situation52. A. expressed B. improved C. preserved D. recognized53. A. dreaming B. playing C. relaxing D. hiding5

46、4. A. by B. for C. with D. to55. A. lucky B. happy C. sure D. satisfied参考答案Part 1 Phrase: DACBD CAADD ACCBBPart2DAABB ACDCC DBCAD ADCAB ADBDB DA28答案：C考点：主谓一致解析：根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项29答案：A考点：考查主谓一致。解析：主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。30答案：B解析：考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of .为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选APart3 【答案】CDBAC ABCAD BADCB ABDDC.w。w-w*k&s%5￥u高考资源网w。w-w*k&s%5￥u