南京师范大学附属实验学校2012届高三英语语法专题复习讲义3.doc

1、高三英语语法专题复习讲义（3）Part 1高考高频短语（3）1. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space. （10福建）A. in search ofB. in place ofC. for lack ofD. for fear of 2. Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets it.A. keep up withB. do away withC. get down toD. look forward t

2、o3. In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well. -I cant agree more. Its great to have the two .A. linkedB. relatedC. connectedD. combined4. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market. A. longer than B. more than C. as

3、much as D. as far as5. No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone _you wishing they were that high（10安徽）A. getting rid of B. getting along with C. Looking up to D. looking down upon6. -How did you like Nicks performance last night?-To be honest, his singing didnt _to me much A.

4、 appeal B . belong C refer D. occur7. Parents _much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift. A attach B pay C link D apply8. Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just _ sweet dreams.A keep up with B put up with C end up with D catc

5、h up with9. We give dogs time, space and love we c an spare, and _, dogs give us their all.A in all B in fact C in short D in return10. Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. （10山东） A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up11. Your house is always so neat

6、how do you _ it with three children? A. manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct12. Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and as a manager. （10天津）A. ended up B. dropped out C. came back D. started off 13. He telephoned the travel agency to three air tickets to London.A. order B. arrange

7、 C. take D. book14. Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice. （10四川）A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes15Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man and left Atook up Bgot up Cshut up Dset upPart 2 Grammar: Modal Verb I Analysis 1.基本用法Must/ have to Can/could/be able to2.

8、 推测用法May/might +Shall/should/ought to 3. 情态动词+have doneWill/ woulddare /need 情态动词，在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点：1）各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。2）情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。3）情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。4) 情态动词后接的不定式（除ought外）都不带to ，即接动词原形。1. 常用情态动词的基本用法比较和辨析can , could 能，会1）表示脑力或体力上的能力Nobody can stop the deve

9、lopment of science .2)表示客观上的可能性You can borrow this useful book from the library .3)表示主观上的允许Can I ask you some questions about it ? 4).could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。如：Im afraid that we couldnt give you any definite answer at this moment .may , might 或许，可能，可以1）可能性 I may be busy from tomorrow on .从

10、明天起我可能会忙起来。2）表示允许 May I come in ? 我可以进来吗？注意：在回答以may引导的问句时，一般说来避免使用may，以免显得太严厉、或不太客气，而改用其他方式。例如：-May I come in ? -Yes , please .请进。-Sure . / Certainly . .请进。-Please dont . .请不要进来。-No , you mustnt .不行。must 应该，必须，一定1) 表示出于职责、义务该做某事 We must protect peoples rights . / Everyone must be loyal to his mother

11、land .2）表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事We must speed up the pace of our economic reform .在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事；have to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有时态的变化形式。如：Jenny had to tidy up the room before her mother came back .注意：在这种用法中，回答以must引导的问句时，若是否定答复，不可以用mustnt 而需要用neednt 或是dont have to，因为mustnt意思是绝不能、一定不要，而没有

12、不必的意思。例如：-Must we hand in our exercises today ? 我们今天必须交作业吗？-Yes , you must .是的，必须交。-No , you neednt (or , you dont have to ).3）表示禁止（用于否定句）You must not speak ill of others ./ Cars must not parked here . Ought （后接带to的不定式构成谓语动词）应该1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事You ought not to be so careless in your work .2) 表示极有可能发生某

13、事If we set off right now , we ought to be able to get there in time .need（用于否定句和疑问句）需要/ dare , dared（用于否定句、疑问句和疑问句）敢1)_2)_There are still one and a half hours to go , we neednt be insuch a hurry .Dare you stay here alone in the night ? shall用作情态动词时,适用于第二人称和第三人称。主要表示下面几层意思： 1）许诺: You shall hear every

14、thing directly you come .你一来就可以听到一切了。2）命令: You shall come to my office immediately .你必须马上来我的办公室。3）规定: Each competitor shall wear a number./ The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state . should1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事You shouldnt come to such a decision hastily ./ You should write to your pare

15、nts at least once a month .2）表示对某种情况的估计She shouldnt be out in such an early morning ./3）用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized .will , would1）用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求（在这种用法中would使语气更为客气、委婉）Will you tell her that Ill be back in twenty minutes ? / If you want help, just let me kno

16、w , will you ? 2）表示习惯、倾向（可译成总是会、老是，等 ）Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon./Oil and water will not mix .油和水决不能调和。练习1) Is John coming by train？ He should, but he not He likes driving his car (NMET2002) A must B can C need D may 2) I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins I have a

17、 look？ Yes, certainly A Do B May C Shall D Should 3) Mr Bush is on time for everything How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？ (上海2001春) A can B should C may D must 4) Are you coming to Jeffs party？ Im not sure I go to the concert instead (NMET2000) A must B would C should D might 5）I s

18、hould have been there, but I not find the time (上海2000春) A would B could C might D should 6) Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself (NMET96) A wont; cant B mustnt; may C shouldnt; must D cant; shouldnt 7) Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, My brother is coming to see me (NMET99) A I mustnt

19、B I cant C I neednt D I wont 8）Could I borrow your dictionary？ Yes, of course you (MET92) A might B will C can D should 2.情态动词表示推测的用法理论可能性can可能性 肯定句must, may ,might, 疑问句can否定句cant (不可能)，may not (可能不) must do(_)can be doing(_)could + have done(_)may have been doing(_)might 1）情态动词+do.How can / could y

20、ou be here ? She couldnt / cant be so stupid to do that .You must be tired after working so long . 2).情态动词+be doingn What can she be doing at this moment ? n You cant be telling us the truth. n Your mother may be waiting for you to return home ./ n You must be thinking where I learned it . 3) 情态动词+h

21、ave donen He cant have left home because the television is on .n How could he have forgotten him birthday ? n They might have finished their work by now . n You must have talked about it with her before hand . 1) Sorry Im late I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again (北京 2000春)

22、 A might B should C can D will 2) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he your lecture (上海 2000) A couldnt have attended B neednt have attended C mustnt have attended D shouldnt have attended 3）Jack yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me (上海97) A mustnt have arrived B s

23、houldnt have arrived C cant have arrived D need not have arrived 3. “情态动词have done”1）. should （ought to） have过去分词表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该”；其否定形式为“should notought not to have 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Mr. White _ at 8：30 for the meeting ， but he didnt show up. （04广西卷） A. should have arrived

24、B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving2）.neednt have过去分词：表示过去没有必要做某事， 但实际上做了某事。 As you worked late yesterday， you_ have come this morning. （06陕西卷） A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt3）.must have过去分词：用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用cantcouldnt have 过去分词。I h

25、ave lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere . （05北京春季） A. must drop B. must have droppedC. must be dropping D. must have been droppedI _have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05天津卷）A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt4）.maymight have过去分词：表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能大概已

26、做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。We_ have proved great adventurers， but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. （06天津卷） A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt 5）.cancould have过去分词：表示“过去本来能够做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能也许已做了某事吗？”。 I stayed at a hotel while in New York . Oh

27、， did you？ You with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayedII Practice 1. (2011全国卷I) 32. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A. will B. can C. must D. should2. （2011全国卷II）8. If you _ smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D

28、. may3.（2011北京卷）24. - I dont really like James. Why did you invite him? - Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. A. must notB. need notC. would notD. might not4.(2011上海卷) 28. I _ worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes.A. cantB. mustnt C. dare

29、ntD. neednt5.（2011江西卷）23. It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. A. mustntB. cantC. wontD. neednt6.（2011江苏卷）34. I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to the railway officials. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_ it.A. will have stolen B. might have

30、stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen7（2011浙江卷）11.Hows your new babysitter? We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt 8（2011福建卷）25.Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _, in case he comes late fo

31、r the meeting.A.will B.must C.may D.can9.（2011四川卷）The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _. . A. can B. may C. must D. should10（2011辽宁卷）21. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. A. can B. may C. must D. will11（2011陕西卷）22.I_through that bitter period wit

32、hout your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone12（2011陕西卷）Will you read me a story ,Mummy? -OK. You_ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall13（2011重庆卷）25.Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I want to, but my m

33、om simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should14.(2011湖南卷)28 .-No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. -Oh, you are really his big fan.A. can B. need C. must D. might 15. Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled

34、 man（10安徽）A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 16. You buy a gift, but you can if you want to. （10湖南）A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to 17 I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it? （10江西）A Must B Can C May D Will18. I_ have watched that movie itll give me hor

35、rible dreams. （10山东）A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt19. Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. （10天津）A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt 20. I take the book out? w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*mIm afraid not. （10四川）A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need21.Just be pa

36、tient .You _ expect the world to change so soon . （10全国）A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. whether 22. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday. （10江苏）A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_23.- May I take this book out of the re

37、ading room? - No, you . You read it in here. （10陕西） A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt24.Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy. （10全国）A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt25.Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise. （10辽宁）Acan Bwill Cmust Dmay26. -

38、Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can27. “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.” （10浙江）A. need B. can C. must D. would 28. Some people who dont like t

39、o talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people. （09安徽）A. must B. may C. should D. would29. One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. （09北京）A. need B. must C. should D. can30. Its the office! So you know eating is not

40、 allowed here. Oh, sorry. （09湖南）A. must B. will C. may D. needPart 3 综合能力训练请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填个单词。Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, powerlines and wi-fi (路由器) could be responsible fo

41、r a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumours.For example, Camilla Rees, 48, a former investment banker in the US, moved out of her apartment in San Francisco because of the radiation coming from next door. Rees told the Los Angeles Times that when her neighbors moved in and installed a wi-fi

42、 router she lost her ability to think clearly. “I would wake up dizzy in the morning. Id fall to the floor. I had to leave to escape that nightmare,” she said. Since then, shes been on a campaign against low-level electromagnetic fields, or EMFs（低频电磁场）.And shes not alone. Millions of people say they

43、 suffer from headaches, depression, nausea and rashes when theyre too close to cellphones or other sources of EMFs.Although the World Health Organization has officially declared that EMFs seem to pose little threat, governments are still concerned. In fact, last April, the European Parliament called

44、 for countries to take steps to reduce exposure to EMFs. The city of San Francisco and the state of Maine are currently considering requiring cancer-warning labels on cellphones.If these fears are reasonable, then perhaps we should all be worried about the amount of time we spend talking on our phon

45、es or plugging into wi-fi hotpots.Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the University at Albany, in New York, thinks theres a greater than 95% chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia. Also theres a

46、greater than 90% chance that cellphones can cause brain tumours.But others believe these concerns are unreasonable paranoia (猜疑). Dr Martha Linet, the head of radiation epidemiology at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusi

47、on. “I dont support warning labels for cellphones,” said Linet. “We dont have the evidence that theres much danger.”Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries

48、outside the US, has been underway for several years. Its funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group. According to Robert Park, a professor of physics at the University of Maryland in the US, the magnetic waves arent nearly powerful enough to break apart DNA, which is

49、 how known threats, such as UV rays and X-rays, cause cancer.Perhaps its just psychological. Some experts find that the electro-sensitivity syndrome seems to be similar to chemical sensitivity syndrome, which is a condition thats considered to be psychological.Whether EMFs are harmful or not, a brea

50、k in the countryside, without the cellphone, would probably be good for all of us. Title: Could cellphones give you cancer?Key pointsSupporting detailsCellphones are (71)_ to use Some people think it (72)_ for cellphones to cause cancer. Camilla Rees got ill after his neighbor installed a wi-fi rout

51、er. Millions of people have the (73) _ problems as Camilla. Some evidence supports peoples anxieties.Cellphones are safe to use Some believe that these concerns are just paranoia. So far, studies show that there isnt much (74)_ between EMFs and illness. Robert Park thinks that the magnetic waves are

52、nt powerful enough to （75)_ DNA. Its just for psychological (76)_ that people feel ill when they use cellphones.Attitudes and (77)_ Some governments are (78)_ about the safety of cellphones or EMFs. The author thinks that we should（79)_ the chance of talking on the phone or spend more time in the（80

53、)_ areas without cellphones.参考答案Part 1 Phrase:1答案：C考点：短语辨析解析：A. 寻找 B. 代替; C. 因缺乏 D. 生怕，以免。句子的完整意思应该是：大城市建起越来越多的高楼大厦，因为缺乏空间。,2. 答案：C考点：动词词组辨析 解析：A. keep up with 保持 B. do away with废除，去掉；C. get down to着手处理D. look forward to盼望，期待 3. 答案：D考点：动词词义辨析解析：A.; 联系在一起；将人或物连接或联系起来；B. 与有某种联系;C. 连接，连结；;D. 使联合，使结合；4.

54、答案：D考点：本题考查介词词组。解析：根据动词travel可判断此处应填关于路程的介词词组，本题即为as far as。as far as远到.5. 答案：C. 考点：本题考查动词短语辨析。解析： getting rid of意为“摆脱；去除”； getting along with意为“与相处；进展”； Looking up to意为“尊敬；敬仰”； looking down upon意为“看不起；轻视”。句意为“你无论认为自己怎样低下，总希望有个高尚的人来尊敬你。”6.答案：A. 考点：本题考查动词辨析。解析： appeal to 意为“吸引”；belong to意为“属于”；refer

55、to意为“提到；涉及”；occur to意为“突然想到”。 句意为“她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。”7答案：A考点：考察动词词组。解析：,attach importance to 关注.8.答案：C考点：考察动词词组。解析： keep up with 保持, put up with 忍受, end up with 以 为结束 catch up with 赶上。 9 答案：D考点：考察in的词组。解析：in all 共计 in fact实际上 in short简而言之 in return 以作为回报。10答案:C考点：本题考查动词短语意义辨析。解析：句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑

56、知识。”表示“学会”用pick up; pick up另外还有“捡起; 顺车接送,搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等义；bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示“向上看；（形势）好转，改善；查阅”；set up表示“建立，设置；造成，产生”。11. 答案:A考点：本题考查动词在具体语境中的使用。解析：句意应为“你家里总是那么整洁-家里有三个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的?” 表示“设法做成某事”用manage it。serve 表示“为服务；接待”；adapt 表示“使适应，使适合”；construct表示“建造，构筑；构思”。12. 答案：A 考点：考查短语动词的用

57、法。句意：作为一名职员加入公司，他很快得到提升，最后当上了经理。解析：ended up as 作为而结束的意思；dropped out是“退出，退学”的意思；came back是“回来”的意思；started off是“动身，出发”的意思。只有A项符合题意。13答案：D. 考点：考查动词意义。句意：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。解析：book和tickets搭配，是“订票”的意思。14答案：考点：考查系动词辨析。解析：与上句中的eat with their eyes相对，后句应该为点看起来很好吃的东西。故正确答案为A。15答案：B考点：考查动词词组。解析： get up意为“起床，起立

58、”。句意为“Jenny正在找一个座位，正在那时，很幸运地，一个人站起来离开了。”故选B。1意为“从事，占据时间或空间”；C意为“闭嘴”；D意为“建造，搭起”。Part 2DCDDB BDBAC ADCA 1. 答案：D. 考点：本题考查情态动词推测用法。解析：句意为“杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人，他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。2. 答案：D考点：情态动词解析：dont have to 意为“没有必要”，符合语境，句意为：“你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。”3答案：A考点：考察情态动词的用法。解析： must 必须,

59、一定 can 可以, 能够 may 也许 will 意愿, 倾向性动作, 前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响, 既然我已经说了, 我还必须重复一遍吗？4. 答案：A考点：本题考查情态动词的用法。解析：句意应为“我本来不应该看那部电影的-它会使我做噩梦的。”表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done, 所以A项正确。5. 答案：A. 考点：考查情态动词。句意：迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后，他早半个小时到达了。解析：根据后面的语境，提前半个小时到达，说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙，所以用neednt have don

60、e 结构，表示“本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”。6.答案：B考点：考查情态动词。解析：表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may.句意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？”“恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词may。正确答案为B。w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o m7. 答案：A句意：耐心一点儿，你不能期望世界变化如此快。解答：通过选项此题考察情态动词，cant在否定句中可以表示推测，译为不可能，可以表示能力，译为不能够，也可以表示命令，不允许，但是语气比mustnt弱，具有劝慰的意思，根据句意此题中选择A，cant表示劝慰。8.答案：B，解析：

61、shall在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。9. 答案：D解析：考查情态动词。英语中用could，might表示询问或征求意见的问句中，肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might，而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustnt，故本题选D。10.答案：A解析：情态动词考查。结合语境，根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时，要用cant。11.答案：C句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要，但是必须是有规律的锻炼。解析：考查情态动词。Can一般表示“可能，或能力”；will表示“意志”；may表示“许可，可能”；must表示“必须”。

62、12. 答案：B考点:本题考查情态动词在语境中的运用。解析：第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约，那下面的人就回应说，那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了因此排除A,C.D13. 答案：C考点：情态动词解析：肯定的猜测，用must14. 【答案】B15. 【答案】B16.【答案】A 句意为：这是办公室！因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。Part3V. 71. dangerous/harmful 72. possible 73. same 74. connection 75. destroy 76. reasons 77. suggestions 78. concerned 79. reduce 80. rural.w。w-w*k&s%5￥u高考资源网w。w-w*k&s%5￥u