2021-2022学年新教材高中英语 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS Section B Reading and Thinking练习（含解析）新人教版必修第一册.docx

1、UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionBReadingandThinking课后篇巩固提升必备知识基础练.单句语法填空1.When the runners got to the finishing line,all of them were quite out of (breathe).答案breath2.Their inventions have contributed to the development of (electricity) engineering.答案electrical3.Ignoring the danger,he rushed into the fi

2、re to rescue those (trap) in the house.答案trapped4.It is well known that ancient Greece was a fountain of (wise) and philosophy.答案wisdom5.When I finally got to the meeting room,the discussion had already come to end.答案an6.Nearly two (three) of the students in our class like playing football.答案thirds7

3、.The audience applauded when the chairman got up on his (foot) to speak.答案feet8.The number of students in this school has increased 20 percent this year.答案by9.I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.答案was sh

4、ocked10.The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found (suffer) from early Alzheimers.(2019江苏卷)答案suffering.短语填空blow away,look up,fall down,come to an end,suffer from,nothing but,cut across,in shock,in ruins,dig out1.They had already reached an agreement before the meeting .答案came to an end2.Among obese chi

5、ldren,about 30 percent also high levels of blood sugar and fat.答案suffer from3.For miles around me,there was a desert,without a single plant or tree in sight.答案nothing but4.After the heavy flood two months ago,the whole village was left .答案in ruins5.They tried to a cave in the side of the mountain fo

6、r shelter that night.答案dig out6.Soon a strong wind passed through and the clouds in the sky.答案blew away7.Please the word in the dictionary if you dont know how to read it.答案look up8.The earthquake did damage to the area where many houses .答案fell down9.In order to gain some time,the travellers made u

7、p their minds to this field.答案cut across10.He was still from what had happened earlier in the afternoon.答案in shock.翻译句子1.让水龙头的水一直流淌是错误的。(have.doing)答案It is wrong to have the water from the tap running all the time.2.看到那个歌手,她太兴奋了,一句话也说不出来。(too.to.)答案Seeing the singer,she was too excited to speak.3.乌云

8、密布,看上去要下雨了。(It looks as if.)答案Dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if it is going to rain.4.每到一个地方,他就给自己发一张明信片。(everywhere引导的状语从句)答案Everywhere he goes,he sends himself a postcard.5.我喜欢早晨锻炼,因为空气呼吸起来很新鲜。(sth is+adj.+to do)答案I like to work out in the morning,because the air is so fresh to breathe.关键能力

9、提升练.阅读理解Parts of Africa are covered by a dark cloud.But this is no rain cloud.It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts (蝗虫) that are travelling across the continent eating everything in their path.And now in the battle to stop this disaster,a radio station in Senegal,West Africa,is offering

10、listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts.“We think this idea will get more people to take part in the war on the locusts,” said Abdoulaye Ba,from Sud-Fm,a radio station in one of Senegals worst affected area.This is West Africas biggest locust disaster in 15

11、years,and it is moving east,causing huge damage to crops.As they move they produce young and increase their number and will soon threaten Sudan in the northeast of Africa.Some say it could reach Asia.Experts say the harmful effect on crops in areas already suffering from food shortage and war could

12、cause many people to go hungry.Governments in the areas are not well equipped to fight the pest.Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan,it is not expected to be enough.“We are now treating 6,000 hectares (公顷) per day with pesticide (杀虫剂),but we need to treat 20,000 hectares per day in

13、 order to have any hope of controlling this disaster,”said Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah,director of locust control in Mauritania.Requests are being made for international aid,which is the only way to limit the disaster,the UNs Food and Agriculture Organization warned.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。这篇短文讲述的是非洲的部分地区遭受了

14、非常严重的蝗虫灾害,造成了很大的损失。现在政府及其他国家的领袖都已经采取措施,展开行动,消灭蝗虫。电台也呼吁更多的人加入与蝗虫的战斗中来。1.By using “dark cloud” to describe locusts in the first paragraph,the author of the article .A.shows the size and speed of the mass of locustsB.suggests the great damage that locusts can causeC.warns that locusts would sweep the c

15、ontinent like rain cloudsD.both A and B答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段可知,非洲部分地区被乌云覆盖,但这并不是雨云,而是由数十亿只蝗虫组成的活云,它们正在穿越非洲大陆,吃掉路上的所有东西。可推知,这里是用乌云来形容蝗虫的大小、速度和危害。故选D项。2.The story is mainly about .A.West Africas united effort in fighting a disasterB.the difficulty in controlling locustsC.how locusts caused great damage to

16、West AfricaD.a struggle to fight against a disaster brought by locusts in West Africa答案D解析主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,非洲部分地区被乌云覆盖,但这并不是雨云,而是由数十亿只蝗虫组成的活云,它们正在穿越非洲大陆,吃掉路上的所有东西。结合文章主要讲的是非洲西部发生的严重的蝗虫灾害,而且各方面正为消灭蝗虫而做着努力。由此可知,文章主要讲述的是一场与西非蝗虫带来的灾难作斗争的故事。故选D项。3.The locust disaster .A.would be even more serious in AsiaB.i

17、s out of controlC.affected only the warning areasD.cannot be stopped unless twice as much pesticide is provided for the affected areas答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“Wearenowtreating6,000hectaresperdaywithpesticide,butweneedtotreat20,000hectaresperdayinordertohaveanyhopeofcontrollingthisdisaster,saidMohamedAbdall

18、ahiOuldBabah,directoroflocustcontrolinMauritania.”可知,毛里塔尼亚蝗虫控制中心主任MohamedAbdallahiOuldBabah说:“我们现在每天要处理6000公顷的蝗虫,但是我们需要每天处理20000公顷的蝗虫,这样才有希望控制这场灾难。”由此可知,蝗虫灾害目前失去了控制。故选B项。4.Which of the following is WRONG?A.Sud-Fm offers a reward for fighting locusts so that more people will join in the effort.B.Sene

19、gal is to the southwest of Sudan.C.The locusts can cause such damage mainly because it has no natural enemy in West Africa.D.12 countries affected by locusts have united but still lack pesticide.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Andnowinthebattletostopthisdisaster,aradiostationinSenegal,WestAfrica,isofferinglistene

20、rs50kilogramsofriceiftheycancatchandkill50kilogramsoflocusts.”可知,现在,在阻止这场灾难的战斗中,西非塞内加尔的一家电台向听众提供50千克大米,如果他们能够捕捉并杀死50千克蝗虫的话。由此可知,A选项“苏丹南方发展联盟调频广播电台为抗击蝗虫提供奖励,以便更多的人参与这项努力”正确;根据第三段中“AstheymovetheyproduceyoungandincreasetheirnumberandwillsoonthreatenSudaninthenortheastofAfrica.”可知,B选项“塞内加尔在苏丹的西南部”正确;根据倒

21、数第二段中“Althoughleadersof12countrieshaveagreedonaplan,itisnotexpectedtobeenough.”可知,尽管12个国家的领导人已经就一项计划达成一致,但预计这还不够。由此可知,D选项“受蝗虫影响的12个国家已经联合起来,但仍然缺乏杀虫剂”正确。只有C选项“蝗虫能造成这样的破坏主要是因为它们在西非没有天敌”文章没有提到,C选项错误。故选C项。.七选五A volcano is a geological landform usually caused by the eruption through a vent(火山口) in a plan

22、ets surface of magma(岩浆),molten rock welling up from the planets interior.1A popular way of judging volcanoes goes by their frequency(频率) of eruption.2 Those that have erupted in historical times but are now quiet called dormant(休眠的) and those that have not erupted in historical times called extinct

23、.3 The lifespan of a volcano can vary from months to several million years,making such a distinction(辨别) sometimes meaningless when compared to the lifespans of humans or even civilisations.For example,many of the earths volcanoes have erupted dozens of times in the past few thousand years but are n

24、ot currently showing signs of eruption.Given the long lifespan of such volcanoes,they are very active.4Scientists usually consider a volcano active if it is currently erupting or showing signs of unrest,such as unusual earthquake activity or significant new gas emissions.5 It is important to note th

25、at the span of recorded history differs from region to region.In the Mediterranean,recorded history reaches back more than 3,000 years but in the Pacific Northwest of the United States,it reaches back less than 300 years,and in Hawaii,little more than 200 years.The Smithsonian Global Volcanism progr

26、ammes definition of “active” is having erupted within the last 10,000 years.A.By our lifespans,however,they are not.B.Those that erupt regularly called active.C.One way of classifying volcanoes is by the type of material erupted.D.Obviously,such eruptions tend to be destructive mainly in one directi

27、on.E.Many scientists also consider a volcano active if it has erupted in historic time.F.There is no real agreement among volcanologists on how to define an “active” volcano.G.Volcanoes of various types are found on other planets and their moons as well as on the earth.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了火山的三种

28、类型:活火山、休眠火山和死火山。1.G根据第二段中提到的火山的三种类型可知,所填的句子是引出下文的过渡句,G项符合语境。2.B根据下文的“Those.andthose.”可知,此处介绍的是火山的三种类型,所填的句子和后面的句子是并列关系,所以选B项。3.F所填的句子是本段的主题句。本段主要介绍的是活火山。按照火山的寿命来看,它是活火山;按照人类的寿命来看,它不是,因此对于活火山科学家的意见不一致,所以选F项。4.A与上文的“Giventhelonglifespanofsuchvolcanoes,theyareveryactive.”形成对比,所以填A项。5.E根据“Scientistsusuallyconsideravolcanoactive.”可知,E项是对上文的进一步说明。