2019高考英语一轮达标Unit3Inventorsandinventions练题含解析新人教版选修8201809171106.doc

1、Inventors and inventions李仕才一、阅读理解。If a city wants to hold the Olympics，it must submit a proposal to the IOC.After all proposals have been submitted，the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰)，the voting continues，until a majority winner is determined.Typically，the Games are awar

2、ded several years in advance，allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.In selecting the site of the Olympic Games，the IOC considers a number of factors，and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively.The IOC also considers which par

3、ts of the world have not yet hosted the Games.For instance，Tokyo，the host of the 1964 Summer Games，and Beijing，that of the 2019 Games，were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia.Because of the growing importance of television worldwide，the IOC in recent years has also taken into a

4、ccount the host citys time zone.Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada，for example，American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.Once the Games have been awarded，it i

5、s the duty of the local organizing committeenot the IOC or the NOC of the host citys country to provide them with money.This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入)，and corporate sponsorships，tickets sales，and other smaller revenue sources.In many cases there is also direct

6、government support.Although many cities have gained amounts of money by hosting the Games，the Olympics can be financially risky.If the financial gains from the Games are less than expected，the city will be left with large debts.1_ will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.AA city that

7、submits a proposalBA majority winner in votingCA city that has perfect time zoneDOne that hasnt hosted the Games2If the Games take place in Canada，American television networks _.Awill not pay for the Canadian television networksBwill be forbidden to broadcast live sporting eventsCcant broadcast popu

8、lar events live in the best viewing hoursDare willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights3According to the last paragraph，which following statement is true?AThe host city must be left with large debts.BThere is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games.CThe city may gain a lot of m

9、oney.DIt is impossible that the host city couldnt make money.4Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?AWinner or loserBApplying for host for the OlympicsCHow to host the Olympic GamesDThe Olympic Games【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程。【难句分析】Whenever the Games take place in the USA or

10、 Canada，for example，American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada为whenever引导的时间状语从句；because they can broadcast po

11、pular events live in the best viewing hours为because引导的原因状语从句。译文：例如，奥运会无论在美国或者在加拿大何时举办，美国电视网络都愿意为电视转播权支付特别高的费用，因为他们可以在最佳观看时间直播受欢迎的(体育)赛事。1B考查细节理解。第一段主要介绍了产生主办城市的规则，根据第一段第二、三句“After all proposals have been submitted，the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰)，the voting continues,

12、 until a majority winner is determined”可知，在所有提案提交后，国际奥委会投票。如果没有得票最少的城市被淘汰，则投票继续，直到确定主办城市。据此可知，得票数最多的城市由国际奥委会确定为奥运会主办城市，故B项正确。2D考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada.because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours”可知，奥运会无论在美国或者在加拿大何时举办，美国电视网络都愿意为

13、电视转播权支付特别高的费用，因为他们可以在最佳观看时间直播受欢迎的(体育)赛事，故D项正确。3C考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，主办城市能获得奥运会电视转播、企业赞助等收入，故主办城市可能会获得许多资金，故C项正确。A、D项与文中最后一段的“If the financial.large debts”内容不符；根据第三段倒数第二句“Although.the Olympics can be financially risky”可知，尽管许多城市通过举办奥运会获得了大量资金，但奥运会可能存在财政风险，故B项错误。4B考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程：先向国际奥委会提交提案，国

14、际奥委会根据规则和实际情况投票选择主办城市，一旦确定主办城市，则该城市应积极准备。故B项最适合作本文的标题。二、单句语法填空1Some people say that classical music _(associate) only with old people.答案：is associatedbe associated with . “与有关”。2Though we are living a better life, I cant bear _(see) food thrown away.答案：seeingcant bear doing . “不能忍受做某事”。3What was it

15、that distinguished her _her classmates?答案：fromdistinguish . from . “把与区分/辨别开”。4We must always bear in mind _China is a big country with a huge population.答案：thatbear in mind that . “记住”。5The service offers young people _(practice) advice on finding a job.答案：practical此处应用形容词修饰其后的名词advice。practical “实

16、用的；实际的；实践的”。6We all have an _(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.答案：expectation由空前的冠词可知应填名词。7In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and _ (seize) opportunities can one succeed.答案：seizing该句为“only状语”位于句首引起倒装的句式。face与seize为and连接的两个并列成分，且均作by的宾语，故由facing可知应填seizing。8It was n

17、ot until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.答案：that该句为含有not until的强调句。由该句型“It is/wasnot until .that其他”可知，应填that。9She _(tap) me on the shoulder but I didnt feel it.答案：tapped由but连接并列成分可知，设空处动词在句中作谓语；且后面并列句的谓语为didnt .，所以空格处也应用一般过去时，应填tapped。10Prices of daily goods _ (buy) through a

18、computer can be lower than store prices.答案：bought过去分词短语在句中作后置定语修饰goods。三、完形填空。Im sitting at the airport watching people in the last minutes before their loved ones arrive or depart.A woman is running in circles trying to gather family members together for a _1_.When the final moment comes before _2_

19、，she wraps her arms around her son，giving him a _3_ hug that should protect him until he _4_.I sit with a book in my hands，waiting my turn to leave _5_ because the ones I love have a different _6_ from mine.I think of other departures and arrivals.I _7_ seeing my daughter.I wrapped myself around her

20、 as if shed been _8_.That year she was in her first year at university，coming home for the first time.Today my flight is two hours late.When my flight is _9_ called，I gather my book and luggage._10_ there is no one to see me off，I do not _11_ to see where I have come from._12_，I think of my husband

21、at work _13_ if I have left yet.As I head towards the plane，I find myself _14_ yet another arrival and departure.That year，my 91yearold grandfather died.After returning from his funeral，I arrived at the airport _15_.My husband of only a year was waiting at the gate to take me in his arms.Because of

22、my tears，_16_ was looking at us，but I didnt _17_.Life needs the important _18_ all the time.I wish that all the people who went on a _19_ could come back to find someone _20_ them.I also wish they could leave with someone to see them off.1A.lecture BgoodbyeCdinner Dparty2A.gathering BboardingCannoun

23、cing Dlanding3A.powerful BgentleCwarm Dcommon4A.leaves BsurvivesCreturns Drecovers5A.frightened BanxiousCrelaxed Dalone6A.schedule BattitudeCposition Dtarget7A.imagine BenjoyCrecall Dconsider8A.stolen BcheatedClost Dpunished9A.punctually BfinallyCabruptly Drepeatedly10A.Although BWhileCTill DSince11

24、A.slow down Bget offClook back Drun away12A.However BBesidesCInstead DTherefore13A.doubting BaskingCpredicting Dwondering14A.remembering BforgettingCplanning Drejecting15A.shouting BcryingClaughing Dwhispering16A.someone BeveryoneCnone Danyone17A.care BrespondCscold Dflee18A.arrival BchanceCdepartur

25、e Dmoment19A.journey BdietCpicnic Dholiday20A.worrying about Bsmiling atCtalking of Dwaiting for【解题导语】作者在机场看到迎接与送行的场景，回忆起与女儿和丈夫的温馨往事，意识到人生中需要欢聚与离别这些重要的时刻。【核心词汇】depart vi.离开，出发wrap ones arms around sb.用手臂搂住某人 wait ones turn to do sth.等着轮到某人做某事 think of想起，记起recall doing sth.回忆起做某事 see sb.off为某人送行at wo

26、rk在工作，起作用1B结合上文中出现的“arrive or depart”和下文中的“the final moment”可知，空处应该是一个告别(goodbye)的场景，故选B。2B根据语境可知，此处表示登机(boarding)前最后的时刻，故选B。3A结合下文中的“protect him”可知，母亲在儿子登机前给他一个强有力的(powerful)拥抱，故选A。gentle“温柔的”；warm“温暖的”；common“共同的，普遍的”。4C根据语境可知，快要登机的时候，母亲给了儿子一个强有力的拥抱，自然是盼望儿子能一路平安并平安归来，故选C。leave“离开”；survive“幸存，艰难渡过”

27、；recover“恢复”。5D根据空后的“because the ones I love have a different _6_ from mine”和下文中的“there is no one to see me off”可知，作者是一个人(alone)，没有人来为她送行，所以选D。frightened“害怕的，受惊的”；anxious“焦虑的，渴望的”；relaxed“放松的”。6A根据语境可知，作者一个人离开是因为所爱之人都有不同的日程安排。schedule“日程安排，计划表”符合语境，故选A。7C结合语境可知，作者回忆起(recall)女儿上大学第一次回家的往事，所以选C项。8C根据语

28、境可知，作者一把抱住女儿，好像她走失了很久。lost“丢失的，遗失的”符合语境，故选C。9B结合语境可知，作者等待很久之后，所乘的航班终于(finally)通知登机了，故选B。punctually“准时地”；abruptly“突然地”；repeatedly“反复地”。10D根据语境可知，“_10_ there is no one to see me off”和“I do not _11_ to see where I have come from”是因果关系，所以空处应用Since“因为，既然”。11C既然没有人来送行，作者不需要回头张望(look back)。slow down“放慢，减速”

29、；get off“下车，离开”；run away“突然离开，逃离”。12C结合语境可知，作者没有回头张望，相反地，作者想的是，还在上班的丈夫不知道作者是否已经离开。故选C项。13D参见上题解析。wonder if.“不知道是否”符合语境，故选D。14A结合语境可知，作者发现自己记得(remembering)另一件以前的迎接与送行，故选A。15B结合下文中的“Because of my tears”可知，此处应用crying。shout“大喊，喊叫”；laugh“大笑，笑”； whisper“低语，悄声说”。16B此处指的是，因为作者哭泣，每个人(everyone)都在看着作者和她的丈夫。故选B

30、。17A虽然大家都在看，但是作者并不在意(care)，故选A。respond“回复，作出反应”；scold“训斥，责骂”；flee“逃离”。18D根据语境可知，人生中一直需要这样重要的时刻(moment)，故选D。arrival“到达”；chance“机会”；departure“离开”。19A根据语境可知，作者希望所有出行(journey)的人回来时都能看到有人在等待(waiting for)他们。故选A。20D参见上题解析。四、单句改错1The sound of seagulls called on happy memories of his childhood holidays._答案：o

31、nupcall up “使回忆起；给打电话”。2The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss._答案：去掉第二个theout of order “发生故障；次序颠倒”。3After a short while, the boys set out doing their homework._答案：outabout或doingto doset about doing . set out to do . “着手/开始做”。4The boy knock down by the car

32、 was immediately taken to the nearby hospital._答案：knockknocked过去分词短语在句中作后置定语，修饰the boy, 表被动，故应把knock改为knocked。5The teachers abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening._答案：abruptlyabrupt修饰动名词短语ending speaking应用形容词，故将abruptly改为abrupt。五、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出

33、能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Traditional Chinese CultureChinese culture is over 5,000 years old._1_The spirit of the tea ceremonyXihu Longjing(West Lake Dragon Well)and Yunnan Puer have long been world famous._2_ The spirit of the Chinese tea ceremony captures the Chinese attitude towards life and spirit

34、uality.These are the things that people all over the world can benefit from.A handful of good tea leaves with some boiling water and a set of lovely tea ware are the perfect way to spend a sunny afternoon and gain some insights into the wisdom of that ancient civilization._3_During the 5,000 years o

35、f Chinese civilization，many different flavors, styles, and cuisines(烹饪)have developed，based on traditional philosophy and culture.This ancient food culture has had a direct impact on the countries such as Japan，Mongolia，South Korea，Thailand，and Singapore.It has benefited billions of people around th

36、e world through innovations such as Chinese vegetarian culture，tea culture，vinegar，pasta，medicinal diets，ceramic tableware，and the use of soybeans in the diet.ConfucianismConfucianism emphasizes peacefulness and harmony between heaven and humanity.through pursuing the “Tao”，which is the harmonizatio

37、n between nature and mankind.It advocates harmony and moderation，including the harmony between individuals，as well as the harmony between a man and his inner self.Confucianism has flourished during the last 2,500 years of Chinas 5,000year history._4_ This school of thought has had the most profound

38、and long lasting influence in Chinas history.Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankinds livelihood and development into the next century，these teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide._5_AChinese cuisineBTraditional

39、 Chinese cultureCIt has been the mainstay of that ancient civilization.DThey are pretty popular due to their superior color and flavor.EThe following three items of traditional Chinese culture have had a worldwide impact.FThis wonderfully rich food culture has also had an impact on Europe，America an

40、d Oceania.GThis would provide long lasting benefits for man，helping to ensure a peaceful and happy life.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了中国特色传统文化。【难句分析】Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankinds livelihood and development into the next century，t

41、hese teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide.分析：本句是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句，在从句中不作句子成分。译文：74个诺贝尔奖获得者和许多其他德高望重的学者都表示过，为了下个世纪人类生存与发展的利益，这些教义应该在全世界被推广和应用。1E承接上文“Chinese culture is over 5 ,000 years old”并与下文介绍的三个传统文化的代表呼应，此处起承上启下的作用，导入本文所要介绍的主题：中国富有特色的传统文化。所以选E项。2D承接上文“Xihu Longjing(West Lake Dragon

42、Well)and Yunnan Puer have long been world famous”，空处解释了茶文化流行的原因，所以选D项。3A空处是本段的小标题，由下文的“During the 5, 000 years of Chinese civilization, many different flavors, styles, and cuisines(烹饪)have developed，based on traditional philosophy and culture”可推知，本段主要讲的是中国的烹饪文化，所以选A项。4C根据上文的“Confucianism has flourished during the last 2, 500 years of Chinas 5,000year history”可推知，空处讲的是儒家思想在中国的重要地位，故选C项。5G根据上文的“Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankinds livelihood and development into the next century”可知，儒家思想会给人类带来福祉，所以选G项。