2020秋新教材高中英语 Unit 4 Natural disasters单元素养评估卷（五）演练达标（含解析）新人教版必修第一册.docx

1、单元素养评估卷(五)时间:100分钟分数:120分第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEarthquakes happen without warning. They can happen any time of a day, at any point during the year. But dont worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people.

2、 However, its important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.DO NOT go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线).Find a safe place. Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. Hold

3、 on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.Keep away from dangers. Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building,

4、and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake, not by the shaking itself. Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire. If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if its safe. Stay insi

5、de your car until the earthquake stops, and dont drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees. These could fall and hurt you.1. What should we do when an earthquake is happening?A. Stay under a big building.B. Stay under strong furniture.C. Stand by windows.D. Drive near a big bridge.

6、解析：细节理解题。根据文中第三段“Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture.”可知,尽量在比较坚硬、结实的家具下面躲藏避险,故B项正确。答案：B2. Which of the following is not safe while the earthquake is happening?A. Running out of the building.B. Staying in a corner of the building.C. Covering your head with your arms.D. Covering your m

7、outh with a towel.解析：细节理解题。根据文中第二段“You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings.”可知,你有可能会因为玻璃的掉落或部分建筑物的倒塌而受伤。再结合第三段“Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is

8、safe to go outside.”可知,A项做法是危险的。答案：A3. What does the passage tell us?A. How dangerous the earthquake is.B. How to be safe in an earthquake.C. We shouldnt be afraid of the earthquake.D. How the earthquake comes into being.解析：主旨大意题。本文主要给出了在地震发生之时如何保护自己的几个小提示,故B项正确。答案：BBWhen an earthquake hit a small t

9、own, many houses fell down. After the earthquake, all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in trouble.One Sunday, when I was reading a newspaper, a special picture touched me. It gave the clothing sizes of each family member. I thought that this would be a good ch

10、ance to teach my children to help those who were less lucky than themselves. I said to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and three-year-old Meghan, “We have so much, and these poor people now have nothing. Well share what we have with them.”I filled a box with foods and clothes. While I was d

11、oing this, I encouraged the boys to choose their toys and donate some of their less favourite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together. Then she walked away. A few minutes later she came back with Lucy, her much-loved doll. She put the doll o

12、n top of the other toys. “Oh, dear,” I said. “You dont have to give Lucy. You love her so much.” Meghan said, “Lucy makes me happy, Mummy. Maybe shell make another little girl happy, too.”I looked at Meghan for a long moment. She taught me a lesson. Its easy to give something that we dont want any m

13、ore, but hard to give what we cherish(珍爱), isnt it?4. How many children does the writer have?A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“I said to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and three-year-old Meghan .”可知作者有三个孩子。故选C。答案：C5. Whats the probable meaning of the underlined word “donate”

14、 in Paragraph 3?A. 捐赠B. 丢掉C. 展出D. 放好解析：词义猜测题。由孩子们找玩具及“Lucy makes me happy, Mummy. Maybe shell make another little girl happy, too.”可知,donate“捐献,捐赠”。另外,结合本文作者的写作意图、文章的主旨大意也可得出答案。故选A。答案：A6. What can we know according to the passage?A. An earthquake happened in the writers hometown.B. The writer let Me

15、ghan give her much-loved doll.C. The writer decided to buy some clothes for those people in trouble.D. The writer thinks it is more difficult to give what we love a lot.解析：细节理解题。根据短文最后一段中的“Its easy to give something that we dont want any more, but hard to give what we cherish, isnt it?”可知,作者认为给出我们不想

16、要的东西很容易,但如果是把自己珍爱的东西送给别人,也许更难一些,由此可知D项表述正确。答案：D7. Whats the best title of this passage?A. A Family StoryB. The Spirit of GivingC. The Way of Helping OthersD. A Sad Experience解析：主旨大意题。本文记叙了作者看了报纸报道,了解到地震之后许多家庭陷入困境,她想借此机会让孩子们学会关爱他人,结果女儿给自己上了一课的故事。故B项正确。答案：BCAs we all know, the earthquake is one of the

17、 most severe natural disasters. Its shaking of the ground caused by the sudden breaking and shifting of large sections of Earths rocky outer shell. Its results can be very horrible. Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the

18、world, however, have them regularly(有规律地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.The earthquake which was talked about most in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 6,000 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in

19、 Alaska.Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Over 60,000 people died.In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. One hundred and forty thousand people died. Mos

20、t of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 69,000 people were killed and 370,000 injured. This earthquake happened in 2008.Earth

21、quakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for them.8. Earthquakes happen .A. regularly in most places in the worldB. in all the places in the worldC. only in the countries that have a lot of mountainsD. only in a few places along t

22、he mountains解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段的介绍可知,有些地方很少或者根本没有地震发生,不过世界上大部分地方的地震的发生是有规律性的,同时,地震频繁的国家通常多山。由此可判断出A项表述正确。答案：A9. When and where was the worst earthquake ever recorded?A. 1964; Alaska. B. 1923; Japan. C. 2008; China. D. 1976; China. 解析：细节理解题。根据文中“The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in w

23、hich about 69,000 people were killed and 370,000 injured. This earthquake happened in 2008.”的表述可知,有记录以来最为严重惨烈的地震发生在2008年的中国,故C项正确。答案：C10. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Earthquakes can cause fires.B. People still dont know when an earthquake will come.C. Earthquakes

24、often come unexpectedly.D. The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的首句“Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people.”可知,强震并不总是造成最多死亡的地震。故D项的表述错误。答案：D11. What may be talked about in the paragraph followed?A. How do earthquakes worry people?B. H

25、ow can we save people when earthquakes happen?C. What will people do to prepare for earthquakes?D. How do earthquakes happen?解析：推理判断题。结合文章最后一段讲述的内容“地震令人害怕的原因就是人们不知道它何时发生,人们无法为此而做准备”可知,下面讲到的内容可能与“如何为地震做好准备”有关,故C项正确。答案：CDCheck out our tsunami facts and learn some interesting information related to the

26、se great walls of water that can cause so much destruction. Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some notable recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe.Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. As a tsunami approaches

27、 the shore, water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of metres. If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way.Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as muc

28、h time to evacuate(撤离) as possible. When tsunamis hit shallow water(often near the coast), they slow down but increase in height.An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries.In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off

29、the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people. The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres(131 feet) in mine areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents.The Japanese word “

30、tsunami” literally means “harbour wave”. Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides.12. Which of the following shows a tsunami is coming soon?A. An earthquake happens.B. The water near the shore is pulled back.C.

31、 The water marches towards the coast.D. The water near the shore is very shallow.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的表述可知,海啸是由地震或火山爆发引起的巨浪。当海啸接近海岸时,海水可能会从海岸回流。如果水足够浅,可能会被拉回几百米。再结合“If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way.”可知B项正确。答案：B13. Why did over 15,000 people die in th

32、e Tohoku earthquake?A. Because of the tsunami caused by the earthquake.B. Because of the lack of warning systems.C. Because of the earthquake itself.D. Because of the nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami.解析：细节理解题。根据第五段首句“In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a

33、 tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people.”可知,2011年3月,日本东海岸发生的地震引发的海啸是导致1.5万多人死亡的一个主要因素。答案：A14. What can we learn from the passage?A. The word “tsunami” is from British English.B. The term “tidal wave” is used more often than “tsunami”.C. More people died in the Indonesia t

34、sunami than in the Tohoku tsunami.D. Some nuclear accidents happened after the Indonesia tsunami.解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,tsunami一词原属于日本,tidal wave这个词汇目前已经“失宠”,因为海啸与潮汐无关,再结合第四、五段的叙述可知,印度尼西亚2004年海啸造成死亡人数是 200 000,而日本2011年海啸造成15 000人死亡,故C项正确。答案：C15. The passage is developed mainly by .A. making some conclu

35、sionsB. making some comparisonsC. providing some numbersD. listing some facts解析：文章结构题。通览全文内容可知,本篇文章以印度尼西亚和日本发生的海啸为例对海啸发生的原因、造成的后果等进行了阐释,故D项正确。答案：D第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据下面短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Rivers play an important role on the earth, and we cant imagine what the earth would

36、be like without rivers. 16With a length of 6,650 kilometres, the Nile is the longest river in the world. The Nile has been the source of human civilisation since ancient times. The Nile has two main branchesthe White Nile and the Blue Nile. The White Nile starts from the Great Lakes region of East a

37、nd Central Africa through Lake Victoria. 17 The Blue Nile carries with it a lot of fertile soil which turns out to be very important to farming in Egypt.The Amazon River is the worlds largest river with a width of about 40 kilometres during the rainy seasons but about 10 kilometres wide when it is n

38、ot flooded. The Amazon River has such a big water volume that it accounts for more than 20% of all the worlds fresh waterfar more than any other river. 18 The main Amazon River flows mostly through Brazil and Peru but its tributaries can also be found in many other countries.19 It has a depth of abo

39、ut 250 metres. Its length is 4,700 kilometres. The sources of the Congo River are in the highlands and mountains in the Eastern Africa Rift Valley. Its the second largest river in terms of water volume. 20 The Congo Basin(盆地) is the catchment area(集水区) of the Congo River. It lies in both north and s

40、outh of the Equator, making its flow very stable as there are always some tributaries experiencing a rainy season at any time.A. Some of them are worth mentioning.B. The Congo River is the worlds deepest river.C. Do you know which is the deepest river in the world?D. The Blue Nile originates from(发源

41、于) Lake Tana in Ethiopia.E. Without rivers, there would be no living life in and along them.F. And it flows through the second largest rainforest in the world.G. Streams that begin in the Andes Mountains are its sources.答案：16. A17. D18. G19. B20. F第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所

42、给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Early in the morning, it was freezing cold, and the day didnt break. It was snowing. Because I had much work to do on my final day, I set off for work early. I walked slowly along the sidewalk towards the 21. I looked up at the building in which many of my 22 hours for t

43、he last five years had been spent. My heart 23 fast and I was unwilling to go in. I didnt want it to 24.25, I was made to go through the doors of the company for the last time. The morning went by as I had plenty of work to finish and I 26 on having the task done and ignored the office clerksthey al

44、so kept their heads down, 27 eye contact. My leaving was sad to them too.That day two 28 of our team were leaving as part of the overstaffed programme. At noon we had a leaving speech together, leaving cards and promises to stay in 29. Before leaving my position, I began to think about my future 30.

45、In one week I would fly to New York where I had previously spent an amazing year working. Actually, this job had 31 my interest in working in diversity.I decided to go to America with another two friends and I planned to take time out to 32 my next move with them. This is absolutely necessary in suc

46、h a situation. If possible, it is 33 for your physical, mental and emotional well-being to get out of your regular 34, away from home and all reminders of work to recharge your physical and emotional batteries and 35 calmly on what comes next.21. A. basement B. officeC. school D. hotel解析：basement地下室

47、;office办公室;school学校;hotel旅馆。句意:我慢吞吞地沿着人行道向办公室走去。由下文“I was made to go through the doors of the company for the last time”可知,这是作者最后一次走进公司的大门,所以判断出作者是在公司上班。答案：B22. A. observing B. thinkingC. waking D. sleeping解析：observe观察;think想;wake醒来;sleep睡觉。句意:我抬头看了看那座大楼,过去五年我大部分努力工作的时光都是在里面度过的。waking表示在过去五年内作者积极努力的

48、工作状态。答案：C23. A. dived B. skippedC. jumped D. beat解析：dive跳水;skip跳过;jump跳;beat跳动。句意:我的心跳得很快,我不愿意进去。这是作者最后一天上班,充满着紧张和焦虑,更充满着依依不舍。所以心跳得很快。答案：D24. A. end B. continueC. begin D. go解析：end结束;continue继续;begin开始;go走。句意:我不想结束这一切。由下文可知,公司裁员,作者被迫离职,所以在作者的内心是非常不想结束这一切的。答案：A25. A. Therefore B. HoweverC. Since D. T

49、hen解析：therefore因此;however然而;since此后;then然后。句意:然而,这是我最后一次走进公司的大门。分析句子可知,however与前一句“我不愿意进去,我不想结束这一切”形成转折关系。答案：B26. A. focused B. putC. lived D. based解析：focus集中;put放置;live生活;base 以为基础。因为作者有很多工作要做,所以一直在专注于自己的工作。focus on“专注于”符合句意。答案：A27. A. finding B. keepingC. avoiding D. wanting解析：find发现;keep保持;avoid避

50、免;want想要。作者的同事对于作者的离职也是依依不舍,感到很难过且内心也充满着不安。所以都避免目光接触,假装好像什么也没发生过。答案：C28. A. numbers B. membersC. troubles D. citizens解析：number数字;member成员;trouble麻烦;citizen居民。句意:那天,因公司裁员,我的两个同事离开了公司。答案：B29. A. action B. beliefC. touch D. surprise解析：action动作;belief信念;touch触摸;surprise惊讶。句意:中午,我们聚在一起以此告别,留下名片,并承诺保持联系。s

51、tay in touch“保持联系”符合句意。答案：C30. A. plans B. forecastsC. ways D. routes解析：plan计划;forecast预报;way方式;route路线。由下文可知,作者在一周后要飞往纽约,这是作者在离职之前就开始考虑的未来计划。故A项正确。答案：A31. A. aroused B. insistedC. canceled D. recognised解析：arouse激起;insist坚持;cancel取消;recognise认出。句意:事实上,这份工作激起了我对多元化工作的兴趣。arouse ones interest in“激起某人对的

52、兴趣”,符合句意。答案：A32. A. comment B. discussC. stop D. talk解析：comment评论;discuss讨论;stop停止;talk谈话。因为作者离职,多少有些茫然,所以要和朋友讨论一下下一步该怎么做。答案：B33. A. good B. harmfulC. safe D. easy解析：good好的;harmful有伤害的;safe安全的;easy容易的。作者在离职后有了一点对生活的感悟,觉得有些事未必就是坏事,相反有些事对身体、精神和情感健康来说是有好处的。答案：A34. A. opportunity B. routineC. habit D. e

53、ntertainment解析：opportunity机会;routine路线;habit习惯;entertainment娱乐。作者通过离职这件事情,对生活有了新的感悟,作者觉得人们应该从有规律的生活和工作中走出来给身体和情感充电,平静地思考以后的事情。答案：B35. A. consider B. thinkC. reflect D. view解析：consider思考;think想;reflect深思;view看待。句意:如果可能的话,离开你的日常生活,离开家,离开所有提醒你工作的地方,给你的身体和情感充电,平静地思考接下来的事情,这对你的身体、精神和情感健康都有好处。答案：C第二节(共10小

54、题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。An elderly lady 36. lives near me keeps her garden so beautiful. It has lots of flowers and colours. The weather is not too good here at the moment, and actually it 37. (rain). One day I drove past this elderly ladys house and 38. garden was showing si

55、gns of winter. I knocked on her door and she came out. She didnt know me and I told her I had flowers for her.She said she couldnt imagine she would 39. (give) flowers. I told her I was giving them to her because she worked so hard in her garden and we all got to enjoy the 40. (beautiful) of it. She

56、 was 41. (total) surprised. All she could say was “I dont know 42. to say.” Her name is Elizabeth. 43. (tear) ran down Elizabeths face and you would truly think shed just won a prize.Elizabeth told me she loved flowers, and I laughed, 44. (tell) her I had already knew that! I also gave her a little

57、thank-you card 45. (let) her know all her hard work in her garden brought joy to others. This moment was so precious to me.答案：36. who/that37. is raining38. the/her 39. be given40. beauty41. totally42. what43. Tears 44. telling45. to let第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)2015年4月25日,尼泊尔发生了强烈地震,举世震惊。地震现场令人恐惧:整

58、个城市一片废墟;大量楼房倒塌;道路被石块和砖掩埋;数千人被困在废墟下,几乎一切都被毁了。幸运的是,地震后全世界人民立刻行动起来帮助当地人渡过难关。请根据以上内容写一篇文章,介绍具体情况。注意:(1)包括以上所有要点内容;(2)词数80左右,可适当增加细节;(3)参考词汇:Nepal尼泊尔、brick砖、return to normal恢复正常。 答案：On April 25, 2015, a powerful earthquake struck Nepal. The whole world was shocked at the news. What frightening scenes! Th

59、e whole city lay in ruins. A great number of buildings fell down because of the terrible earthquake. Roads were completely cut off and buried by stones and bricks, which made the rescue work very difficult. Thousands of people were trapped under the ruins! In a word, nearly everything was destroyed.

60、 But fortunately, after the earthquake, the whole world took action right away to help the locals out of the disaster. They all sincerely hoped Nepal would return to normal as soon as possible.第二节(满分25分)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Many people catch a cold in the springtime and/or fall. It makes us won

61、der if scientists can send a man to the moon, why cant they find a cure for the common cold? The answer is easy. There are actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isnt a cure for each one.When a virus attacks your body, your body works ha

62、rd to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion with it. You feel terrible because you cant breathe well, but your body is actually “eating” the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop

63、the virus from getting to your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the virus.Different people have different remedies for colds. In the United States and some other countries,for example, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Som

64、e people take hot baths and drink warm liquids. Other people take medicine to stop the fever, congestion, and runny nose.There is one interesting thing to notesome scientists say taking medicine when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesnt have

65、 a way to fight it and kill it. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a joke, however, on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this:It takes about 1 week to get over a cold if you dont take medicine, but only 7 days to get over a cold if you take medicine. 答案：Many people

66、often catch a cold in the springtime and/or fall, which also puzzles the scientists.(要点1) In fact, there are many kinds of cold viruses in the world that are threatening peoples health.(要点2) When attacked, your body will do what it can to kill the virus and protect you.(要点3)Although people take measures to recover, scientists say taking medicine wont help.(要点4)