高考英语语法改错题讲解和练习.doc

1、高考语法改错题综合讲练高考短文改错的短文通常只有110个词左右，文体都为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文（以书信为主）。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，文字浅显易懂，句子结构简单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句，语言地道，符合英语语言习惯，各种错误所占比例为，1:1:8 (多词：缺词：错词)。答题原则：1. 规范性原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错，要记住表示错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除的符号，切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。2. 四不改原则，（1）单词拼写不改；（2）大小写不改；（3）词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)；（4）标点符号不改。四改动原则: (1)忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的原意)；

2、（2）错误以改动最少为原则；（3）虚词以添加或删除原则；（4）实词以改变形式为原则。考点：短文改错的错误主要是以下两方面:一、语法方面。主要考查动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、名词和代词的各种形式、主谓一致、冠词、连词、介词、词形（指应该用动词、名词、形容词还是副词形式，以及平行结构中的词的正确形式）二、行文逻辑方面。主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词。句子的并列、递进、转折、因果关系和时间的先后顺序等。常考:一、冠词 二、名词 三、谓语动词 四、非谓语动词 五、形容词、副词 六、代词七、介词 八、复合句、并列句的连接词、连词Warm Up 冠词 讲练（15全国）but I miss my hom

3、e in countryside.（15全国）A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.（14全国）As result, the plants are growing somewhere.（14全国）There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.（14辽宁）Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. 自练1. I decided to clim

4、b the tree to see where we were.2. Good health is persons most valuable possession.3. There is public library in every town in Britain. 4. Maybe you could come during a winter holidays.5. For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery.固定搭配1. Some wanted to see the program while others prefe

5、rred another.2. Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.3. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.4. We may be one family and live under a same roof.5. My teacher advised me to keep my diary.名词【数】（15全国）The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier

6、.（15全国）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.自练A group of sheeps are eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill.The book will give you all the informations you need.注意单复数同形： fish, dear, sheep, means, Chinese, Japanese等不可数：furniture, fun, homework, paper, news, progress,

7、 trouble, advice, information, work, equipment等In their opinions, they should have more holidays.记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法，如in ones opinion, keep ones word, take measures to do sth, take action to do sth备考重点:1.分清可数名词不可数名词； 2. 搞清可数名词的复数规则特别牢记不规则可数名词的复数；3. 熟记大纲中固定短语中的名词单复数形式。例如go to school; make preparations

8、综合讲练缺词考点1.1 缺一介词1. 有些动词后介词的有无。请判断：attend a meeting attend the patient prepare breakfast prepare the examjoin us join a game2. 表语形容词通常有动词意义，但可能误以为是动词而漏掉介词如be afraid nothing, be present the meeting, be sure it3. except, instead of, from, since, till, until后面可能跟另一个介词词组充当介词宾语，可能会漏掉第2个介词eg. He came on fo

9、ot instead of bike.4. hundreds, thousands等后面可能漏掉of。类似的还有millions, dozens, scores1.2 缺一连词1. 英语分句之间要有连词eg. It began to rain, they had to stop the match.It began to rain; they had to stop the match.It was late, we went home.You like sports, Id rather read.He looked for the key, didnt find it.2. 受汉语影响，并

10、列动词词组之间可能缺一个andeg. She smiled said good-bye to her mother.3. 名词性从句that分句置于句首或作同位语时不可缺少连词。eg. Jayden is handsome is known to us all.We heard the news our team had won.4. even后可能缺少if/though。eg. He walks as he were drunk.1.3 缺一代词1. 充当定从主语的关系代词不能缺少。eg. The accident happened yesterday was very serious.2.

11、 英语中用来替代前面的 the +名词的that（单数）和those（复数），在汉语中往往很可能漏掉。eg. The population of China is much larger than of Japan.The population of China is much larger than Japan.These shirts are expensive, but which we saw the other day were even more expensive.1.4 缺一冠词1. 在such或so+形容词与单数可数名词连用时，不可缺a/aneg. He is such ho

12、nest boy that all of us like him. This is so good book that I read it again.2. 表示有些时，little, few前面不可缺少a.eg. Dont worry. There is little time left.3. many前面有great, good时，要加a.eg. great many people 若many后接单数名词，中间须有a/an，eg. Many man has tried it before.4. 一些un.前,有adj.修饰表示一种（场）等时，要加a/an.eg. Its famous Ch

13、inese tea. There was heavy rain last night.5. 形容词比较级+of the two前必须用the.eg. He is better one of the two.多词考点1.1 语义重复1. David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.2. As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.3. I h

14、ope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon.4. Ill spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it.1.2 搭配不当1. We practice for three times every week.2. I was used to watch it every night.3. in any other words, I am an only child. 4. I never knew a ride down a river could be

15、 so much exciting.（much不能修饰adj原级）1.3 介词多余1. and let you to know when the book you want has returned2. For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four oclock in the morning.3. you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors Club 4. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the

16、moment my head touched the pillow.1.4 从句连接词多余1. in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels.(in other places在此为地点状语)2. I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.3. For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put it in a secret place where I cou

17、ldnt find.4. When I was a boy, the most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring Festival.从句考点1.1 固定句型1. Charles said, As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it.2. It has been five years when we graduated, but those memories are as sweet as ever before.3. I felt so nervous as I

18、 shook like a leaf.4. but it didnt matter that I would win or not. 1.2 句义不通1. Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.2. and whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you.3. In one class, I learned it rained. 1.3 连接词选择不当

19、或缺失1. However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives.2. in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels.3. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.4. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.5. Besides, I have few frie

20、nds, I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.非谓语动词和时态考点1.1 主谓一致1. Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirt.2. But then there is always more mysteries to look into.3. But not all information are good to society.4. So then,

21、 a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music.1.2 定从中的主谓一致1. Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. 2. you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection.2. 时态不当1. We were driving al

22、ong a narrow road when the car stop2. Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.3. I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss Green.4. I remembered her words and calm down5. Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases.6. My favorite sport is footb

23、all. I was a member of our school football team.7. Id like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning.8. If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you.介词考点1.1 及物动词和不及物动词1. I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.2. His parents as

24、ked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination.3. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.1.2 固定搭配1. Bill insisted in staying near the car.2. Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men.3. When I have free time I go a

25、 long walk. 4. When they came down the police were angry to them. 5. and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular.6. For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four oclock in the morning.7. I feel so sorry to him.8. Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day.9. We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about.