2012届高三英语大一轮复习课件（牛津版）：第一部分高频语法 第五章　动词时态和语态.ppt

1、动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试动词时态和语态讲解第五章 动词时态和语态一、一般现在时1.一般现在时的基本用法主要表示目前的特征或状态、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、客观存在及普遍真理等。【例 1】I _ all the cooking for my family，but recently Ive been too busy to do it.(2010辽宁)A.will do B.do C.am doing D.had done答案：B【例 2】The teacher said that the sun _ in the east.A.rose B.raises C.rises D.is r

2、ising答案：C动词时态动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试2.一般现在时在状语从句中的用法在以 when，until(till)，as soon as，by the time，after，before 等引导的时间状语从句或以 if，unless，once 等引导的条件状语从句以及以 no matter when，however，even if 等引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【例 3】When _ again？When he _，Ill let you know.A.he comes；comes B.will he com

3、e；will comeC.he comes；will come D.will he come；comes答案：D【例 4】I cant tell you if it _ tomorrow if you _ me.A.rains；will ask B.shall rain；askC.will rain；ask D.would rain；will ask答案：C动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试二、一般过去时1.一般过去时的基本用法(1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。(2)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，last year，the

4、other day，just now，three days ago，in 1999 等。【例 5】Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the 1900s，when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.A.begin B.beganC.have begun D.had begun答案：B【例 6】Nancy is not coming tonight.But she _！A.promises B.promisedC.will promise D.had promised答案

5、：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试三、现在进行时1.现在进行时的基本用法表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。【例 9】Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends _ for us.A.will wait B.waitC.have waited D.are waiting答案：D【例 10】These days my father _ a novel.A.writes B.is writingC.has written D.will write答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试2.用进行

6、时表示将来的情况某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。常见的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，take off 等。【例 11】He _ to see you tomorrow.A.comes B.has comeC.is coming D.was coming答案：C动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试3.always 等副词在进行时中表达的意义always，often，constantly，frequently，forever 等副词和现在进行时连用，表达说话人的某种感情，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。【例 12】John _

7、of what he can do for others.A.always think B.is always thinkingC.has always thought D.will always think答案：B【例 13】You _ TV.Why not do something more active？A.always watchB.are always watchingC.have always watchedD.have always been watched答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试4.一般不用于进行时的动词状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进行时态。如：like，l

8、ove，prefer，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，guess，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belong to，concern，contain，cost，depend on，deserve，have(有)，have on，lack，need，owe，own，remain，seem，sound 等。【例 14】I _ Tom quite well.We were introduced at a party.A.am knowing

9、 B.was knowingC.know D.had been knowing答案：C【例 15】You are drinking too much.Only at home.No one _ me but you.A.is seeing B.had seenC.sees D.saw答案：C动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试四、过去进行时1.过去进行时的基本用法表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。【例 16】I walked slowly through the market，where people _ all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I st

10、udied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.(2010湖南)A.sell B.were sellingC.had sold D.have sold答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试【例 17】Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.Where was I？You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A.had said B.saidC.were saying D.had been saying 答案：C【例 18】Shirley _ a book

11、about China last year but I dont know whether shehas finished it.A.has written B.wroteC.had written D.was writing答案：D动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试2.过去进行时的其他用法(1)表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。(2)与 always，often，constantly，frequently，forever 等副词连用,可表示某种感情色彩。【例 19】He lost his watch when he _ football.A.played B.was playingC.had

12、played D.would play答案：B【例 20】The leaders thought ill of Mrs.Black，because she _.A.was always complainingB.had always complainedC.would always complainD.will always be complaining答案：A动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试五、现在完成时1.现在完成时的基本用法主要强调“过去”和“现在”的关系，须注意下面几点：(1)指过去的动作对现在的影响。(2)现在完成时一般不与具体的过去时间状语或 when 从句连用。(3)短暂性动

13、词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。(4)常用于现在完成时态的时间状语有：in the past few years，by now，up to now，so far，already，yet，since，for five years，recently，lately，before，never，once，today，this week(month，year)，many times，just 等。【例 21】Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20？Sorry，I _ mys

14、elf clear.We want to return on October 20.(2010北京)A.hadnt made B.wouldnt makeC.dont make D.havent made答案：D动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试【例 22】They _ friends since they met in Shanghai.A.have made B.have becomeC.have been D.have turned答案：C【例 23】I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her birthday.Oh，how nice

15、！Do you know when she _？A.was leaving B.had leftC.has left D.left答案：D动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试2.现在完成时在 It/This/That is the first/second time(that).结构中的应用该结构中，that 引导的从句常用现在完成时。【例 24】Do you know our town at all？No，this is the first time I _ here.A.was B.have beenC.came D.am coming答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试3.现在完

16、成时和一般过去时的比较相同点：都表示动作发生在过去。不同点：现在完成时表示与现在有关；一般过去时表示与现在无关。【例 25】You didnt lock the back door.You are wrong.I _.A.did lock it B.have locked itC.lock it myself D.do lock it答案：A【例 26】How can you possibly miss the news？It _ on TV all day long.A.has been B.had beenC.was D.will be答案：A【例 27】Does Liu Hui serv

17、e in the army？No，but he _ in the army for 3 years.A.served B.has servedC.is serving D.would serve答案：A动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试4.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成进行时表示从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作；现在完成时表示动作已完成。如：Ive been writing an article.(还在写)/Ive written an article.(已写好)【例 28】Im tired out.I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to h

18、ave finished anything.(2010湖南)A.shopped B.have shoppedC.had shopped D.have been shopping答案：D动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试六、过去完成时1.过去完成时基本用法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作(即所谓的“过去的过去”)。(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。【例 29】It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me.(2010北京)A.had

19、 done B.didC.would do D.were doing答案：A动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试2.过去完成时表示“本来”的用法动词 think，expect，hope，suppose，want，plan，mean，intend 等用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，意为“本来”。【例 30】They _ to help，but they could not get there in time.A.want B.had wantedC.were wanting D.have wanted答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试3.用于某些特殊结构(1)It/This

20、/That was the first/second time(that)过去完成时(2)It was段时间since过去完成时(3)no sooner.than.或 hardly.when.的主句谓语要用过去完成时(4)含“by过去时间点”或“by the time一般过去时”的句子常用过去完成时。【例 31】This was the first time we _ at home.A.met B.had metC.was met D.would meet答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试3.用于某些特殊结构(1)It/This/That was the first/second

21、time(that)过去完成时(2)It was段时间since过去完成时(3)no sooner.than.或 hardly.when.的主句谓语要用过去完成时(4)含“by过去时间点”或“by the time一般过去时”的句子常用过去完成时。【例 31】This was the first time we _ at home.A.met B.had metC.was met D.would meet答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试【例 32】We _ hardly arrived when it _ to rain.A.had；beganB.have；beganC.不填；be

22、ganD.不填；had began答案：A【例 33】By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A.would be completedB.was being completedC.hasnt been completedD.had been completed答案：D动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试七、一般将来时表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态。1.“will/shall动词原形”表示将来的用法will 可用于各种人称，shall 一般只用于第一人称。【例 34】Great changes _ ta

23、ke place in the future.A.would B.will C.did D.shall答案：B注：will 用于条件状语从句时，表示“愿意”。【例 35】If you _ go to the countryside，you _ go.A.shall；shall B.will；mayC.will；shall D.shall；may答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试2.“be going to动词原形”表示将来的用法表示打算和预测。【例 36】The film _ this Sunday.A.is going to be shown B.is showingC.is to

24、 show D.will have been shown答案：A3.“be to动词原形”表示将来的用法表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作，有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。【例 37】The teacher said，“All the exercises _ be handed in on time.”A.will B.are toC.are about to D.are going to答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试4.“be about to动词原形”表示将来的用法表示即将要发生的事，通常不与具体的时间状语连用。【例 38】Look！Here comes a taxi.We _

25、leave.A.shall B.are about toC.are to D.are going to答案：B5.“be due to动词原形”表示将来的用法表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事。【例 39】The strike _ begin on Tuesday.A.is due to B.is about toC.shall D.are going to答案：A动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试6.will/shall 与 be going to 的区别(1)be going to 可用于条件状语从句表示将来，而 shall/will 一般不可。【例 40】If you _ to my ho

26、use，youd better phone me first.A.will coming B.shall comeC.are going to come D.is to come答案：C(2)迹象表明要发生某事，只用 be going to。【例 41】Look at those black clouds.It _ rain.A.will B.is going toC.shall D.is about to答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试(3)若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，用 be going to；若表示某个意图没经过事先考虑，而是在说话时的临时决定，则用 will/shal

27、l。【例 42】Mary is in hospital.Oh，really？I didnt know.I _ visit her.A.am going to B.willC.am to D.am about to答案：B【例 43】Mary is in hospital.Yes，I know.I _ visit her tomorrow.A.am going to B.willC.am to D.am about to答案：A动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试八、将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。【例 44】Guess what，weve got our visas fo

28、r a short-term visit to the UK this summer.How nice！You_a different culture then.(2010福建)A.will be experiencing B.have experiencedC.have been experiencing D.will have experienced答案：A【例 45】If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you_fresh watermelon in the fall.(2010浙江)A.eat B.would eatC.have eat

29、en D.will be eating答案：D动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试九、过去将来时1.过去将来时的基本用法表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，多用于主句谓语动词是一般过去时的宾语从句中。【例 46】The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_.(2010全国)A.is made B.would makeC.was to be made D.had made答案：C动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试2.用过去进行时表示过去将来时某些动词(如：go，start，come

30、，leave，arrive，take off 等)的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。【例 47】My father will be here tomorrow.Oh，I thought that he _ today.A.was coming B.is comingC.will come D.comes答案：A动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试十、将来完成时指将来某一时刻已完成的动作。常用于将来完成时的时间状语有：by the time，by the end of，by 等。【例 48】By the time Jane gets home，her aunt _ for London

31、to attend a meeting.A.will leave B.leavesC.will have left D.left答案：C动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试十一、时态呼应时态呼应是指从句谓语动词的时态受主句谓语动词时态的制约。时态呼应的两个特点：(1)当主句的谓语动词为现在时态时，从句谓语动词不受限制。(2)当主句谓语动词为过去时态时,从句谓语动词要与其保持一致,即用相应的过去时态。【例 49】I know that Jane _ for London last week and _ be back until next Sunday.A.had left；wont B.lef

32、t；wontC.was leaving；will D.left；will答案：B【例 50】The old man told me that he _ in the city for 50 years.A.has lived B.was living C.had lived D.will live答案：C注：当从句表示的是一个永恒的真理或表明一个人或东西的经常性特点时，可以不受主句谓语动词时态的约束。动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试【例 51】When I was five years old，my mother _ me that the earth _ round the sun.A.

33、told；goes B.had told；goesC.told；went D.had told；went答案：A【例 52】Did he say the train _ at 6：45？A.will leave B.had leftC.has left D.leaves答案：D动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试动词语态一、定义与用法英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“be/get过去分词”构成。【例 1】This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last yea

34、r.(2010湖南)A.was named B.namedC.is named D.names答案：A【例 2】This old bookcase _ when we moved it.A.damaged B.has damagedC.got damaged D.was being damaged答案：C动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试二、两种特殊的被动语态1.双宾语动词的被动语态英语中有些动词可以有两个宾语，如：give，buy，bring，show，pass，offer，lend，leave，tell，write，sing，teach 等，这些动词用于被动结构时，可以将其中任何一个宾

35、语变为主语，而另一个宾语仍保留在谓语后面。如：He bought me many books.I was bought many books.或 Many books were bought for me.【例 3】I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A.gave B.was givenC.was giving D.had given答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试2.短语动词的被动语态短语动词是由“动词介词”，“动词名词介词”等结构构成的动词短语，在被动语态结构中，不能漏掉其后的介词。【例 4】W

36、hy does Lingling look so unhappy？She _ by her classmates.A.has laughed B.has laughed atC.has been laughed D.has been laughed at答案：D动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试三、主动表被动的若干情形1.系动词(如 look，sound，smell，feel，taste，prove 等)要用主动表被动。【例 5】Although all of the apples _，none of them _ good.A.have been tasted；tasteB.have be

37、en tasted；are tasted C.have tasted；tasteD.have tasted；are tasted答案：A2.英语中有些动词如：open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，cut，wear，carry 等，当主语是物，且又表示主语的特征和状态时，要用主动形式表被动含义。动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试【例 6】The stockings _ easily.A.tear B.are tornC.tearing D.are being torn答案：A【例 7】Being popular with customer

38、s，the products _ well and maybe _ in two months.A.sell；sell out B.are sold；sell outC.sell；will be sold out D.are sold；will be sold out答案：C动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试3.不定式 to blame 用作表语，通常用主动表被动。【例 8】The policy is partly _ for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.A.to be blamed B.to blameC.being blamed D.

39、blaming答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试4.“主语be形容词to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词常见的有：convenient，comfortable，dangerous，difficult，hard，easy，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough，tricky，unpleasant 等。【例 9】The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable _.A.to sit B.to sit onC.to be sat

40、on D.for sitting答案：B【例 10】A lot of people find modern art very hard _.A.understood B.to be understoodC.to understand D.being understood答案：C动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试5.不定式用于某些动词(如：have有，get，want，need 等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。【例 11】I have some clothes _ now，so I cant go out to play.A.to wash

41、B.to be washedC.washing D.being washed答案：A注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式。【例 12】Sir，do you have something _？Im free now.A.to type B.typingC.to be typed D.to have typed答案：C动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试6.在“with宾语不定式”结构中，不定式表示将来的动作，且其逻辑主语是句子的主语，该不定式常用主动表被动。【例 13】With so many difficult problems _，I dont know if Ill have

42、 time to go camping with my friends this weekend.A.to settle B.settledC.to be settled D.have to be settled答案：A动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试7.be worth 后的动名词要用主动表被动。【例 14】These ten books recommended by this well-known website are really worth _.A.to read B.to be readC.reading D.being read答案：C注：be worthy 却不一样，其后常

43、接不定式的被动式或 of动名词的被动式。【例 15】The book is worthy _ again because it is very instructive.A.reading B.to readC.to be read D.of reading答案：C动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试8.表示“需要”的动词 need，want，require 或动词 deserve(“应受，应得，值得”)后的动名词用主动式表被动意义。【例 16】As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area_.A.

44、need repairing B.needs to be repairedC.needs repairing D.need to repair答案：A注：这些动词后的动名词若改为不定式则要用被动式。【例 17】His deeds deserved _.A.to praise B.being praisedC.to be praised D.having been praised答案：C动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试四、不及物动词和有些及物动词(短语)无被动语态常见的有 occur，take place，happen，break out，belong to，appear，disappear

45、，cost，last，agree with 等。【例 18】Great changes _ in the city and a lot of factories _.A.have been taken place；have been set upB.have taken place；have been set upC.are taken place；are set upD.were taken place；were set up答案：B动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试【例 19】I dont think the watch _ much，which is _ 30 dollars at m

46、ost.A.cost；worth B.worthy；worthC.cost；cost D.worth；cost答案：A【例 20】In a struggle _ for many years，the Aborigines claimed equal rights for all Australians，but the Australian government didnt pass laws to strengthen the rights until the 1960s.A.that lasting B.lastedC.that was lasted D.that lasted答案：D动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态测试动词时态和语态测试单击此处进入 动词时态和语态测试