2021届高考英语七选五满分秘籍：01 巧用位置解题 WORD版含解析.docx

1、七选五满分秘籍之巧用位置一、概述七选五是高考英语试卷阅读理解的第二节，一篇300字左右的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。考试说明对该题型的命题目的表述是“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”。该题型主要测试考生的两大能力：一是把握整篇文章布局和结构能力，二是把握微观信息之间关联性的能力。本套资料通过两大技巧帮助考生把握这两种能力，轻松拿满分。二、巧用位置我们都知道：一篇好的文章都具有结构清晰、语意连贯、过渡自然等特点。高考英语“七选五”阅读材料无疑也具有以上特点，我们做题时需要从大框架和小细节分别进行分

2、析，本文主要讲述从大框架进行分析的方法。选五阅读理解设空主要有三种不同的位置：段首、段中和段尾，这三种位置的句子在文中的作用不同。我们可以根据近几年全国高考卷出题设空的规律，找到这三种题目的对应解法。（一） 设空在标题这类题目是比较特殊的一类，难度不大，高考文章越来越趋向于不设这样的空，但我们也需要了解这种题目的做题方法。该题目的特点就是短小精悍，且多为名词性短语或祈使句。（二） 设空在段首设空出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一、二句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与

3、空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种衔接手段。典题（2020全国卷I）A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it. to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel no

4、t-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.E Set an intention for self-acceptance.F. Stop comparing yourself with others.G. When does the com

5、parison game start?分析 37题设空在段首，这样的选项，往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意。这种试题往往需要从下面的整段中搜索核心词汇，找出做题的线索。空白处后文的内容是：Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? 可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，这里根据下文的核心词汇follow，the only you可知，F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。

6、)能够概括本段大意。故选F项。（三） 设空在段尾设空在段尾，这种选项通常起着总结上文，提示下文的功能。所以会有两种情况：一是只承接上文，二是承上启下。应先看设空前文，寻找选项与前文之间的关联，如果第一段的段尾设题，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词，如：therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段

7、开头是否有关联。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项紧密相连。典题（2020全国卷I） Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39 Now that y

8、ouve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you dont feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?A. Fe

9、eling upset again?B. Where do you start?C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.D. Remember, you are only human.分析 本题设空在段尾，首先看前文。根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位。)可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C项意思，没有

10、什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的，对上文的总结概括，符合文意。（四） 设空在段中设空出现在段中，通常是承上启下的作用，需要看设空前后两句话，根据句子之间的逻辑关系确定答案。典题 Dont forget to forgive yourself._ 5 But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you dont do it.DTry to see things from your offenders angle.EFor some people，forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.FTo make

11、your anger die away，try a simple stressmanagement technique.GIf you wait for people to apologize，you could be waiting an awfully long time.分析 设空在段中，先看前句E项中的信息forgiving themselves与前句意义一致，并且选项E与后面的句子之间用but连接，有转折的语气，因此构成了一种意义上的对比关系，尤其是but这个词，更加突出了对比的意义，因此选项E符合这里的意义和结构。 因果关系做题时最重要的是要在读懂空格前后的句子的基础上，依据彼此的

12、关系来确认答案。有时，前后的句子之间出现as a result(结果)，thus/therefore(因此)，so(such).that(如此以至于)等标志性词语，表明前后句有着原因和结果之间的关系，说明前因后果或者前果后因等情况。课后练习A Few Active Listening GuidelinesListening is arguably the most important element of interpersonal communication. Our ability to listen well impacts the quality of all of our relat

13、ionships, and not just at home with our family and friendsit can also affect our relationships and interactions on the job, as well as the effectiveness and quality of our work.1 Instead, it is a skill that must be cultivated and practiced. Active listening means the difference between simply hearin

14、g and listening with the intent to truly understand. It is a subtle but important distinction.1.Give focused attention.Try to minimize external(外部的) distractions. Turn down the noise, and put down or step away from what youre doing if possible. 2Dont watch the clock, fidget (坐立不安) or go over your to

15、 do list for later.2. 3Direct eye contact shows your attention and intention to listen. This doesnt mean stare though. Be reasonable, but try not to let your eyes wander to whatever is going on around you.3.Reflect back.Restate, but dont repeat word for word. Paraphrase what you think the other part

16、y is saying with responses such as:“What Im hearing is.” or “Let me see if Im following you.” 44.Respond appropriately.Be open and honest in your responses. Share your thoughts, insights and feelings in a clear, but respectful and considerate manner even if you disagree.Active listening is a model f

17、or good communication. 5It takes practice to develop active listening skills, and its a habit that has to be reinforced(加强). Remind yourself that the goal of conversation is not merely to trade words, but to truly understand what the other party is saying and to be understood in turn.A.Maintain eye

18、contact.B.Instead, focus on what is being said.C.You do not have to agree on everything.D.Also, set aside other internal thinking and dialogue.E.Listening is not something that comes naturally or easily for most of us.F.Reflecting what youve heard signals that youre attempting to understand fully.G.

19、Remember that listening is not just to gather information and share ideas, but also to gain perspective and understanding.答案语篇解读本文为说明文，介绍了几种积极倾听的方法。1.E过渡句。上一段讲了积极倾听的作用，下一句讲到它需要被培养、被练习。E选项意为“对于我们大多数人来说，倾听不是自然而然得到的，也不是容易的事”，此处作为过渡句，承上启下。2.D细节句。该段第一句意为“要尽量使外部干扰最小化”，后面的句子列举排除干扰的措施。D选项中的Also承接上文，都是排除干扰的具

20、体做法。3.A主旨句。该空为标题句，概括下段主旨大意。A项意为“保持眼神接触”，下面具体讲述眼神接触的作用和如何做到眼神接触。4.F归纳句。该空前文讲述怎样反馈自己所听到的，该空位于该段最后，起到总结前文的作用，F项意为“反馈你所听到的表示你一直在尽力充分理解”。5.G细节句。上句意为“积极倾听是好的交流的典范”。G项意为“记住倾听不仅仅是收集信息和分享想法，而且也是为了获得正确的认识和理解”，表明倾听有助于交流。The world is a colorful landscape of different languages, skin colors, and different cultur

21、es. 1. A way to develop this appreciation is to try to learn about other cultures around the world.There are several ways to become knowledgeable about different cultures. 2. Reading works by authors who have a close relationship with a particular culture allows people to gain an accurate glimpse in

22、to the food, music, language, religion, and way of a life of a particular group of people. For example, 3， she will often read them stories based on a cultures folk tales.Another way to learn about different cultures is to try to learn a foreign language. A person can choose a language he has always

23、 wanted to learn. 4. Making contact with people who are native speakers of the language allows him to gain firsthand knowledge of a particular culture as he struggles to learn the language.5. Whether a person wants to learn more about regions in Japan, the Middle East, Africa, or any other world cul

24、ture, becoming familiar with its food is a giant step in the right direction. Food is an important part of different cultures. And it allows people to gain an insight into a particular cultural groups way of life.A.when a student wants to learn more about a different cultureB.when a teacher wishes t

25、o expose her students to a different cultureC.One way is to read books written by authors from a particular cultureD.Learn about different cultures by tasting food from a specific cultural groupE.Gaining an understanding of other cultures benefits both you and other peopleF.He can attend a foreign l

26、anguage class in order to learn in a more formal settingG.Its important to develop an appreciation of different cultures to become a well-rounded person答案语篇解读本文为说明文。讲述了了解世界上不同文化的方法。1.G过渡句。上文提到了世界上有不同的文化，后文说到培养这种欣赏能力的一种方法是尝试了解世界各地的其他文化，所以选择G项“培养一种对不同文化的欣赏能力成为一个全面发展的人是重要的”，这一项把上下文联系起来。2.C细节句。上一句说有很多方法

27、可以了解不同的文化，C项“一种方法是阅读来自某特定文化的作者所写的书”与后面提到的Reading works相呼应。3.B细节句。上文提到阅读可以使人了解不同文化的方方面面，然后举例说明，选择B项，用老师教学生了解不同文化的方法作为例子。4.F细节句。上文讲到了解不同文化的另一个方法是尝试学习一门外语，然后列举具体的学习方法和途径，F选项意为“为了在一个更正式的场合学习他可以上一个外语学习班”。5.D主题句。该段主要讲述熟悉当地的食物也是了解该地文化的一个正确方向，所以选择D项作为该段主题句。Many people struggle with saying “No”. 1 Remember,

28、that you can do something does not mean it is required. Understand that you always have a right to turn down an invitation or refuse a favor and figure out the best ways to say “No”. Here are some specific tips.Give yourself permission to say no. Many people have an immediate reaction to say “Yes” w

29、hen theyre asked to do someone a favor. Keep in mind，you are never required to say “Yes”. Its actually okay to say “No” sometimes. Accept this as you prepare to say “No” to someone. 2Set up your personal boundaries. 3 However, that reason does not have to be concrete. Many people think if they can d

30、o something, they should. Your reason for saying “No” can be a simple matter of your own personal boundaries. Think about what boundaries you have, and accept the fact that youre allowed to stay true to them.4 People often wont take “No” for an answer. If you say “No” to people，they may give you var

31、ious reasons to change your mind. Stay determined for your decision and do not give in easily.Practice saying “No”. It may sound silly, but you can actually practice saying “No” alone. 5Practice giving a firm “No” to someone, and youll get comfortable with the word. Many people are nervous about say

32、ing “No” and may say “Yes” due to anxiety. Practicing can help get rid of some of this anxiety.A.This will help you say “No” with ease.B.Be aware of potential persuasion techniques.C.Find a good chance to stand in front of a crowd.D.Its always easier to say “No” if you have a reason.E.Try standing b

33、efore a mirror and looking at yourself.F.Its rather easy for you to set up your personal boundaries.G.If someone asks you a favor，you may feel you have to say “Yes”.答案语篇解读本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了人们如何勇敢地向他人说“不”。1.G根据前一句的内容可知，很多人总是在苦苦挣扎，不敢说“不”。由此可推知，如果总是这样的话，当别人要请你帮忙的时候，你可能会感到你不得不说“可以”，故选G项。2.A本段讲述的是要允许自己拒绝别人。很

34、多人会不自觉地接受他人的请求，但是你并不是一定要对他人说“可以”。这将帮助你轻而易举地说“不”，故选A。3.D根据空后一句“However, that reason does not have to be concrete.”可知，D项“如果你有一个理由的话，说不总是比较容易的”符合语境，故选D项。4.B空后三句讲述的是人们通常不会接受“不”的，他们会找种种理由让你改变主意，因此我们要坚持自己的决定，不要轻易屈服。由此可推知，我们要知道他人的劝说技巧，故选B项。5.E本段讲述的是要训练自己说“不”。该空前一句提到训练说“不”可能听起来很愚蠢，但是实际上你可以独自去训练自己说“不”，由此可知E项

35、“试着站在镜子前，看着自己”符合语境，衔接上下文，故选E项。You are enjoying a nice dream until your alarm suddenly rings. 1 Is your clock out of control? No, its just winter, making the sun rise later, so it will be twice as hard to crawl out of bed into the cold darkness.As the days get shorter, our mornings lose that crucial

36、light to wake us up, so waking up gets harder. That means youll need to put in extra effort to get to work on time. 2 3 Summer or winter, you should aim to go to bed at about the same time every evening and wake up at about the same time every morning. Try to give yourself time for eight hours per n

37、ight.Avoid strong light near bedtime. So if you like reading before you close your eyes, try an actual book or an E-ink screen like a Kindle, which doesnt emit the harsh light that phones and tablets do.Buy a wake-up light. If you still have trouble with dark mornings, it might be time to introduce

38、more light into your room. 4Give yourself something to look forward to.5 Sure, you might have to get up for work, but youll want to be awake if you are expecting a delicious breakfast, or a workout that is actually fun.A.But you just dont want to get out of your warm bed.B.Stick to a regular schedul

39、e.C.Philips makes some popular lamps that produce natural light during gray winter days.D.Waking up is easier when you have a good reason to be conscious.E.Too much light can do harm to your eyes.F.We have a few tips that might help.G.But when you look out of the window, its still black outside.答案语篇

40、解读本文为说明文。文章给读者提出了几条如何在冬日里按时起床的建议。1.G根据下文No, its just winter, making the sun rise later, so it will be twice as hard to crawl out of bed into the cold darkness.（不，现在只是冬天，太阳升起得比较晚，所以从床上爬起来进入寒冷黑暗的环境要困难两倍）可知，G项“但是当你往窗外看时，外面还是黑的”符合此处语境。故G选项正确。2.F根据上文That means youll need to put in extra effort to get to

41、work on time.（这意味着你需要付出额外的努力才能准时上班）及下文对如何按时起床的建议描述可知，F项“我们有一些建议可能会有帮助”符合此处语境。故F选项正确。3.B根据下文Summer or winter, you should aim to go to bed at about the same time every evening and wake up at about the same time every morning.（无论是夏天还是冬天，你应该每天晚上在同一时间睡觉，每天早上在同一时间醒来）可知，B项“坚持有规律的时间表”符合此处语境。故B选项正确。4.C根据上文If

42、 you still have trouble with dark mornings, it might be time to introduce more light into your room.（如果你仍然对黑暗的早晨感到困扰，也许是时候给你的房间引入更多的光线了）可知，C项“飞利浦公司制造了一些流行的灯具，在灰色的冬天产生自然光”符合此处语境。故C选项正确。5.D根据上文Give yourself something to look forward to.（给自己一些期待）及下文but youll want to be awake if you are expecting a deli

43、cious breakfast, or a workout that is actually fun（但是如果你想要一顿美味的早餐，或者一场真正有趣的锻炼，你就会想要保持清醒）可知，D项“当你有充分的理由保持清醒时，醒来会更容易”符合此处语境。故D选项正确。Much of the work in todays world is accomplished（完成） in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals

44、. 1Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?2They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top

45、talent; above that level, the teams performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isnt evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requir

46、es its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 3In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on

47、team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the teams performance. Young children learning to play team sports are o

48、ften told, “There is no I in TEAM.” 4Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug of war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.5An A -team may require a balancenot just A play

49、ers, but a few generous B players as well.A.Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.C.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sp

50、ortsmanship.E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.答案语篇解读本文为议论文，主题语境为人与社会，主题语境内容为体育精神。本文主要讨论了一个团队是否需要很多有天赋的个

51、人加入。文章有助于培养学生的思维品质。1.B细节句。设空处后的“Companies spend millions hiring top business people.”与本空为并列关系，故答案为B项（体育团队的老板们花数百万美元吸引顶尖人才）。2.E主旨句。根据下文尤其是“They focused on football, basketball and baseball.”以及“The results”可知，答案为E项。句意：最近的几项研究调查了人才在体育世界中的作用。3.G过渡句。本段主要说明了任务互依性在不同的运动项目中的作用以及对团队表现产生的影响，与G项中的task interdependence相对应，故答案为G项。4.D细节句。根据设空处前的If a basketball star is, for example,.Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.”可知答案为D项（明星们显然不愿遵循体育精神的这个基本的原则)。5.F主旨句。根据设空处后的“An A -team may require a balancenot just A players.”可知答案为F项（建立一个理想的团队比仅仅雇用最好的人才更复杂）。