2021高考英语（新高考版）一轮复习教师用书：第3部分 题型一 专题三　推理判断题 WORD版含解析.docx

1、专题三推理判断题Passage 12019全国, C体裁:说明文主题:报业的发展变化词数:299难度:建议时间:7分钟高考真题Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, n

2、ewspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was tow

3、ard the penny paper a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) t

4、o buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single co

5、pies was seldom a penny usually two or three cents was charged and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase penny paper caught the publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for the man on the

6、street did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.句意:已经开展业务的出版商,他们是成功报纸的拥有者,几

7、乎没有改变传统的愿望。28. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive. D. Confidential.29. What did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They would be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. T

8、hey could regain public trust.30. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians.B. Common people.C. Young publishers.D. Rich businessmen.31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process.B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery

9、of the poor.D. It was a disaster for printers.命题分析素养解读本文主要介绍了美国报纸由富人专享转变为大众消费的过程。侧重考查文化意识和思维品质。试题分析29题为细节推断题,考生要综合第二段和第三段的相关内容,进行分析和推断。31题为细节推断题,考生要在理解最后一段内容的基础上,结合全文进行推断。否则容易根据尾段第二句误选D。庖丁解牛熟词生义fancy 常见义:n.幻想,想象力本文义:n.爱好,兴趣词块积累annual subscriptions年度订阅get the ball rolling开始某事,使某事发生难句突破句式分析:people作Pub

10、lishers的同位语,who引导的定语从句修饰people。【答案与解析】本文讲述了十九世纪上半叶美国报业的发展变化。28.B考查细节理解。根据第一段中的In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding可知,在十九世纪三十年代前,大多数报纸对广大读者缺乏吸引力。故选B。academic学业的;unattractive不吸引人的;inexpensive不昂贵的;confidential机密的。29

11、.C考查推理判断。根据第二段首句 The trend, then, was toward the penny paper a term referring to papers made widely available to the public以及第三段中的However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities可推知,便士报指的是公众可广泛购得的报纸,便士报有更多的读者,而正是街头销售使其变得随处可见。30.B考查细节理解。第四段首句 This new tre

12、nd of newspapers for the man on the street did not begin well中的 the man on the street指普通人。故选B。31.A考查推理判断。根据第三段中的This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the p

13、rinters office to purchase a copy及第四段的内容可知,便士报的发展变化绝非发生在一夜之间,而是经历了一个艰难的过程。故选A。文章只是描述了便士报当时的状况,并未对其作出成功与否的评价,故B项错误;C项和D项均曲解了文意。Passage 22018浙江,A体裁:说明文主题:英国作家狄更斯词数:314难度:建议时间:6分钟高考真题 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels f

14、or a century most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often w

15、ith something like By a lady. Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their rea

16、dership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For

17、 all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. Its partly true that Dicken

18、s style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and l

19、uck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own culture to understand how he made himself a lasting one.21.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to u

20、nderstand.B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.22.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress.A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literatur

21、e23.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.命题分析素养解读本文通过对英国作家狄更斯文学创作历程的介绍,让考生了解国外优秀作家及其背景文化,激发学生阅读相关作品的兴趣,增加对世界优秀文化的理解和认同,并能够自主学习和领悟世界文化的多样性和丰富性。本文还要求考生

22、在阅读的同时,对篇章的写作意图进行分析和推理,以此培养考生的逻辑思维能力。这主要体现了文化意识和思维品质这两个学科核心素养。试题分析22题是细节推断题,考生要根据文章细节,通过语意转化和分析,才能得出答案。23题是意图推断题,考生要总体把握文章内容,才能推断出作者的写作目的。庖丁解牛文章结构第一段:在18世纪早期的英国,由于多种原因,文学并不受人待见。第二段:狄更斯死后被世人看作最早的专业作家,他在文学方面有着杰出的成就。第三段:狄更斯的写作风格和特色造就了他的文学界泰斗地位。熟词生义plain常见义:n.平原本文义:adv.绝对地,非常难句突破句式分析:本句是一个复合句。要注意as引导的是时

23、间状语从句,而主句中的and important for our own culture是插入语。句意:但是随着狄更斯200周年诞辰的到来,我们有可能弄懂他是如何让自己永垂不朽的,这对我们自己的文化来说很重要。【答案与解析】本文介绍了伟大的英国作家狄更斯的创作历程和他伟大的原因。21.C考查细节理解。根据第一段中的Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad可知,在18世纪的英国,小说被人们看作是愚蠢的、不道德的和非常糟糕的,所以选C项。22.D考查细节推断。根据第二段内容,尤其是

24、 Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from.the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa可推知,狄更斯的伟大是不容置疑和无可辩驳的,把他从英国文学的名人堂中移出,就如同卢浮宫把蒙娜丽莎卖掉一样。由此可推断出,此处是在强调狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性。23.A考查写作意图。根据文章最后一段中的No one will ever knowsuch a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches

25、a lasting one可推知,作者写本文主要是为了纪念伟大的英国作家狄更斯。方法1 细节推断题的做题方法典例12018全国,D.So whats the solution(解决方案)? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word

26、 processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle t

27、hem. 考查细节推断。根据所给材料中的but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function可推断出,文章建议用多功能的新设备来替换老旧设备,即停止使用老旧设备,故选A项。take apart拆卸;upgrade使升级;recycle回收利用。A方法2 文章来源或读者对象推断题的做题方法典例22019全国,CAs data and identity theft bec

28、omes more and more common,the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies like fingerprint scans to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present,these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets aroun

29、d this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with31.Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebook.C. A novel. D. A magazine.考查文章出处。迅速浏览选段,结合选段内容及关键信息technologiesResearchersdevice(装置)可知,文章介绍的是一款新的科技产品,是典型的科技类说明文;再结合选项可推断,这篇文章最可能出现在杂志上。D典例3 Lu

30、xury (奢华的)Costa RicaThis grand adventure through Costa Rica will offer the perfect combination of luxury travel and thrilling encounters with the natural world. Travelers will visit the impressive Arenal Volcano, the magical Monteverde Cloud Forest, and the mysterious Manuel Antonio National Park. .

31、23.This passage is intended for .A. English learnersB. travelers liking adventures C. exchange students D. senior citizens考查对象推断。根据选段中的This grand adventure through Costa Rica will offer the perfect combination of luxury travel and thrilling encounters with the natural world. Travelers will.可推出,本文是向喜

32、欢冒险的人介绍哥斯达黎加探险之旅。B考法3 写作意图推断题的做题方法典例42016丙卷(全国),CIf you are a fruit grower or would like to become one take advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out o

33、ver most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical a

34、pples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesnt taste of anything special, its still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of t

35、he very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because

36、these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Co

37、llection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.31.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To show how to grow apples.B. To introduce an apple festival.C. To help people select apples.D. To promote apple research.考查写作意图。通读全文可知,作者向读者介绍了一个节日苹果节。B考法4 态度倾向推断题和评述性推断题的做题方法典例52017丙卷(全国),C.The gover

38、nment spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are do

39、wn, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 31.What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project? A. Doubtful. B. Posit

40、ive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.考查观点态度。本文是一篇说明文。经过几年的争议,黄石国家公园把灰狼重新引入公园,以保持公园内的生态平衡。根据选段最后一句话中的The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment可知,作者认为这项工程很有价值,因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。B考法5 预测推断题的做题方法典例6Bees play a vital role in the world. Unfortunately, bees are dying very fast.The main purpose o

41、f keeping bees is to make honey. Honey, shockingly, isnt used for human consumption; it is essential to the insects. Bees store honey in their hives(蜂箱) in order to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives in the winter. They collect pollen(花粉) which supplies protein for young

42、bees to grow.According to , the production and quality of crops as a result of pollination by bees have increased a lot. These insects are responsible for over 70 kinds of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, beans and broccoli(西兰花).So if they are so valuable to agricult

43、ure, why do they keep dying off? A key factor seems to be pesticides(杀虫剂). Bees who are exposed to pesticides suffer from the damage to their neurological(神经系统的) functions, specifically to their memory or behavior. And thats why the majority of worker bees disappear and leave behind a queen bee, ple

44、nty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen bee. There are several other causes of the decline of bees, including the destruction of natural habitat, like woodlands, forests and other habitats for bees. The climate change is also a factor in the decline of

45、the bees population.Actually, there are a variety of methods to help the bees population grow. One way is to start your own organic garden by planting bee-friendly plants. Pesticides are used in both industrial practices and even in your home, so it is best to find organic seeds.35.What would the au

46、thor probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. Another way to save bees.B. Other tips for choosing seeds. C. More methods to plant green organic fruits. D. Causes of the decline of the bees population.考查预测推断。本文是一篇说明文,探讨蜜蜂减少的原因并给出增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议。第五段开头介绍有多种方法可以帮助增加蜜蜂的数量,第二句 One way is to start y

47、our own organic garden by.暗示下文将介绍其他能帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法。APassage 12019江苏,C体裁主题词数难度建议时间说明文对新科技作用的误判4188分钟Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not ma

48、tter if these misjudgments were just a matter of peoples opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the internet, has made some rich countries wrongl

49、y conclude that making things is so yesterday that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in post-industrial society has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业), with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by pe

50、ople in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the digital divide between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, i

51、s whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved peoples lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or

52、setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fasc

53、ination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a borderless world. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening

54、 today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understand

55、ing technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under-valuation of what has already become commo

56、n, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.61.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to .A. a lack of confidence in technologyB. a slow progress in technologyC. a conflict or public opinionsD. a waste of limited resources62.The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that do

57、nators should .A. take peoples essential needs into accountB. make their programmes attractive to peopleC. ensure that each child gets financial supportD. provide more affordable internet facilities63.What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?A. Neglecting the impacts of technolo

58、gical advances.B. Believing that the world has become borderless.C. Ignoring the power of economic development.D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.64.What can we learn from the passage?A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.B. Traditional technology still has a

59、 place nowadays.C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.Passage 22018天津,B体裁主题词数难度建议时间记叙文参观艺术博物馆,误闯民宅3988分钟When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Mar

60、ian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, Do you have the address? No, but Ill recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.Oh, stop. There it is!The museum was free. We entered, exci

61、ted. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.May I help you? a man asked. No, I said. Were fine. Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very no

62、sy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes fixed on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. Where do you think you are? he asked. I turned sharply. The McNay Art Museum! He smiled, shaking his head. Sorry, the McNay is on New B

63、raunfels Street. Whats this place? I asked, still confused. Well, its our home. My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, Sally! Come down immediately!Theres some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there. She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at t

64、he family, saying, Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place. Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldnt believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were t

65、here. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone.That was my

66、 home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. Ive always wanted to thank you.41.What do we know about Marian McNay?A. She was

67、 a painter.B. She was a community leader.C. She was a museum director.D. She was a journalist.42.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A. She disliked people who were nosy.B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C. She knew more about art than the man.D. She mistook him

68、for a tour guide.43.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A. Puzzled.B. Concerned.C. Frightened.D. Delighted.44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B. She was too upset to sp

69、end much time at the real museum.C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D. The event happening in the house was more significant.45.What could we learn from the last paragraph?A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.B. People should spend more time with their family.C. People

70、tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.Passage 32018江苏,C体裁主题词数难度建议时间议论文美国小农场主4298分钟If you want to disturb the car industry, youd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agricul

71、ture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems (生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition

72、(NYFC, 美国青年农会) and a family farmer myself, I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small

73、loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out

74、, small farmers couldnt touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.The sustainable success of small farmers, though, wont happen without fundamental changes to the industry. O

75、ne crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning ones own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.Another challenge for more th

76、an a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering (多于) farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nations farmland in need of a n

77、ew farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nations food.There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers cant clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase

78、 farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers. 61.The author me

79、ntions the car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce .A. the progress made in the car industry B. a special feature of agricultureC. a trend of development in agriculture D. the importance of investing in the car industry62.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in

80、paragraph 2?A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary.B. Technology is vital for agricultural development.C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce.D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.63.What is the difficulty for those new farmers?A. To gain more financial aid. B.

81、 To hire good farm managers.C. To have farms of their own. D. To win old farmers support.64.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?A. Seek support beyond NYFC. B. Expand farmland conservation.C. Become members of NYFC. D. Invest more to improve technology.Passage 42017乙卷

82、(全国),B体裁主题词数难度建议时间记叙文救助野生动物2917分钟I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a

83、rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no l

84、uck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the pare

85、nts, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night

86、 might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight

87、of all LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so. 24.What is unavoidable in the authors rescue work according to paragraph 1?A. Efforts made in vain.B. Getting injured in his work.C. Feeling uncertain about his future.D. Creatures forced out of their homes.25.Why wa

88、s the author called to Muttontown?A. To rescue a woman.B. To take care of a woman.C. To look at a baby owl.D. To cure a young owl.26.What made the chick calm down?A. A new nest.B. Some food.C. A recording.D. Its parents.27.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A. Its unexpected.B.

89、 Its beautiful.C. Its humorous.D. Its discouraging.Passage 52017浙江,B体裁主题词数难度建议时间说明文青少年晚睡的坏习惯2975分钟Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, e

90、ven though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and that 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about

91、 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch

92、TV.More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone, says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it

93、hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a proble

94、m for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results. 25.What is the new National Sleep Found

95、ation survey on?A. American kids sleeping habits.B. Teenagers sleep-related diseases.C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A. 7 hours.B. 8 hours.C. 10 hours.D. 18 hours.27.Why do teenagers go to sleep l

96、ate according to Carskadon?A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.B. They tend to do things that excite them.C. They follow their parents examples.D. They dont need to go to school early.专题三推理判断题【答案速查】Passage 1DABBPassage 2ADADCPassage 3BDCAPassage 4ACAB Passage 5ACBPassage 1对新科技作用的误判可能会误导人们

97、对已有的技术的认识和使用,影响对社会的认知。【长难句解读】As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.分析:本句是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句,whatever引导主语从句。译文:因此

98、,在过去的二十年左右,许多人开始相信,无论今天发生什么变化,都是重大技术进步的结果,背离这种观点,就好像设法将时间倒转。61.D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources 可知,对新技术影响的误判导致了对稀缺资源的误用,故选D。62.A考查推理判断。根据第四段中的The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perh

99、aps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and.in rural villages可推出,作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本需求,而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品,受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故本题答案为A。63.B考查细节理解。根据第五段可知,人们认为随着通信和交通运输技术的发展,我们生活在一个无国界的世界,由此许多政府取消了一些必要的规则,故本题答案为B。64.B考查推理判断。通读全文,尤其是根据文章最后一段中

100、的However,our fascination.wrong directions可知,我们对于最新技术的入迷,和对于已经普遍存在的技术作用的低估可能或已经将我们引向错误的方向,即传统的技术在当今仍有着重要的作用。故选B。Passage 2这是一篇记叙文。作者17岁的时候和好友去博物馆,结果误闯民宅。30年后,这家的一位成员认出了作者并感谢作者让她意识到自己家的美。【段意梳理】第一段:作者读到一篇文章,于是和好友一起去找文章中提到的博物馆。第二、三段:到达博物馆,馆内有人。第四段:作者被告知自己弄错了地方,来到了别人家里。第五段:作者呼唤好友下楼,出去之后告诉好友发生的事。第六段:作者和好友找

101、到了那家博物馆,看到了名家画作。第七、八段:30年后作者偶遇一位女士,对方提到作者的那次经历。第九段:对方说当年作者去的是她家,作者的行为让她意识到自己的家原来那么美,并且改变了她对家的感情。41.A考查细节理解。第一段说,Marian McNay是水彩画家(watercolorist),她要求社区在她死后把她家改成博物馆,故选A。42.D考查推理判断。根据题干信息,我们把答案定位在第四段。当有人询问作者是否需要帮助的时候,作者拒绝了,并提到导游让自己紧张。从这些信息可推断出,作者误以为这个人是导游,因此选D。43.A考查推理判断。根据题干的被大厅里的人盯着看可将本题答案定位在第四段。该段说,

102、当作者发现大厅里的人似乎都喜欢窥探,都好奇地盯着自己的时候,作者心想:他们这是怎么了?(What was their problem?)。从这些信息可推断出作者对此十分困惑。故选A。44.D考查推理判断。第六段说作者和朋友来到McNay博物馆,但是一直觉得紧张,害怕又出现先前那种不同寻常的事。由此推断,先前误闯他人的家这件事对作者影响很大,因此选D。【干扰项分析】A项不对,第六段说这里有梵高、毕加索等名家的画作;B项不对,文章没有说作者在这里停留的时间很短,只说自己在那里的时候一直很紧张;C项不对,文章没有说这个地方让作者很失望。45.C考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段可知,一位女士告诉作者,3

103、0年前她自己还是一个青少年,在作者误闯她家之前,她从来不知道自己的家有多美丽,由此推断选C(人们往往对自己身边的美丽视而不见)。【干扰项分析】A项很有干扰性。这位女士说当年的自己从来没有觉得自己家有多美,并非没有高雅的品味去享受生活,因此A项不对;B项人们应该多花时间与家人在一起也不是这个故事要传达的信息;D项无中生有。Passage 3本文讨论了美国小农场主的优势及其目前发展面临的问题。61.B考查写作意图。文章开头提到Mom-and-pop汽车制造商不大可能打败最大的汽车公司,由此引出文章的主题,介绍了美国农业的特点,故选B。62.D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的suddenly makin

104、g it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California可知,与大农场主相比,小农场主可以获得一些优势。故选D。63.C考查细节理解。根据第三段中的One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning ones own land unattainable for many new farmers可知,很

105、多新农场主无法获得他们自己的土地,这是他们的困难所在。故选C。64.A考查推理判断。根据第一段的最后一句以及最后一段中的We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation.all backgrounds可知,除了NYFC的支持外,农场主还需要获得其他方面的支持。故选A。Passage 4本文讲述了作者作为一名野生动物救助和教育机构的志愿者,成功救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的经历。24.A考查推理判断。根据第一段第二句Trying to help injured, displaced

106、 or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain可知,救助野生动物的工作有时让人心碎,因为不能确保野生动物能存活下来,由此可推断,救助野生动物的努力可能会白费,故A项正确。B项无中生有,文中没有提到作者在救助工作中受伤;C项曲解文意,第二句中的survival is never certain是说野生动物能否存活下来不能确定,而不是说作者对自己的未来不能确定;文中没有提到动物被迫离开家园,故D项不正确。25.C考查细节理解。 根据第二段中的I got a rescue call from a woman in

107、Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground可知,这位女士给作者打电话是为了让他来救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟。文中没有信息支撑选项A、B,故可排除;根据第三段第一句I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine可知,这只猫头鹰雏鸟并未受伤,故排除D项。26.A考查细节理解。 根据第四段中的I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in th

108、e nest, and it quickly calmed down可知,作者做的鸟巢很舒服,所以雏鸟被放入后,很快安静下来。27.B考查推理判断。 根据最后一段可知,通过播放猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿时发出的叫声的录音,它的父母终于找到它,并开始给它喂食。再结合第一段最后一句中的when it works, it is simply beautiful可推断,作者付出的努力没有白费,因而结果是美好的。 Passage 5本文是一篇说明文。在文章中,作者主要介绍了当今美国青少年晚睡的坏习惯、该坏习惯产生的原因和针对该坏习惯所采取的措施等。【长难句解读】Last year the Foundation re

109、ported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and that 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.分析:本句是一个复合句。that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day和 that 15% said they had fallen asleep at school是两个并列的宾语从句。这两个并列的宾语从句中又各自包含一个宾语从句,

110、分别是they felt tired during the day和they had fallen asleep at school。译文:去年,基金会报告说,将近60%的7至12岁青少年说他们白天感到疲倦,且15%的青少年说他们上课的时候都睡着了。 25.A考查推理判断。通读文章第一段可推出,该调查主要是对美国青少年的睡眠习惯进行研究,所以选A项。26.C考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的)可知,11岁的青少年最佳的睡眠时长是10小时,故选C项。27.B考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句和该段中

111、的She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep可推知,由于青少年睡前的活动都会使他们兴奋,所以他们很难静下心来睡觉,从而导致晚睡,故选B项。【干扰项分析】A项青少年受到身体里某些化学物质的影响是其他专家解释的原因,不是Carskadon博士解释的原因,故排除;C项他们以父母为榜样,全文没有提到父母的生活习惯对子女的影响,故排除;D项他们不需要早早去上学,文章最后提到部分学校推迟上学时间,这是应对青少年睡眠时间少的一种措施,而不是青少年晚睡的原因,故排除。