2020版同步译林版高中英语必修五培优新方案练习：UNIT 3 SCIENCE AND NATURE 单元质量检测（三） WORD版含解析.doc

1、Unit 3 单元质量检测（三）.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASeek: Have you ever come across a flower or tree and wish you knew what it was? Well, this app can identify a variety of plants for you! Just take a photo with your phone, and the app will search Wikipedia for you.Seek can als

2、o identify animals.You can create a profile (文件夹) and upload (上传) all your discoveries, and the app will add them to its photo database for other users to explore.MyNature Animal Tracks: Sometimes you only spot animal tracks.This app helps you match a set of tracks with a species through seven track

3、 categories and five sound categories.Oh, Ranger! ParkFinder: Cant find where to take a hike? This app will help! Use it to find the nearest parks with the activities you want to do, whether thats hiking, bird watching or whatever.This huge database features not only every national park, state park

4、and federal public land in the country, but it also includes 50,000 local parks.With this app, theres no excuse for staying inside!iNaturalist: This app is not simply an animal identification app.Its actually a social network for naturalists.You can record your observations of plants and animals and

5、 add them to the database.You can ask the community (大众) to help you identify something, keep track of everything youve come across during hikes, build your “life list” of what youve identified, and most importantly, become a citizen scientist.By recording what youve seen with this app, youre helpin

6、g scientists keep track of whats happening with the natural world.语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四款应用软件，它们可以帮助人们更好地了解大自然。1What can you do with the help of the app Seek?AFind people who share the same interest.BMake your photos more attractive.CIdentify plants conveniently.DBecome a citizen scientist.解析：选C细节理解题。

7、根据第一段的“Well, this app can identify a variety of plants for you”可知，你可以上传照片到应用软件Seek上，以便于认识某种你不认识的植物。2Which app can help you find a good place for hiking?ASeek.BiNaturalist.COh, Ranger! ParkFinder.DMyNature Animal Tracks.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，Oh, Ranger! ParkFinder这一款软件能提供各种公园的信息，你可以找到你喜欢的公园进行徒步旅行、观鸟等

8、活动。3What can only be done with the app iNaturalist?AUploading your photos.BRecognizing animal tracks.CGetting information on plants.DCommunicating with other users.解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“Its actually a social network for naturalists”可知，应用软件iNaturalist的特别之处在于，它是一个热爱大自然的人的社交平台，你可以与其他用户交流。4Who are the app

9、s mainly designed for?ANature lovers.BSchool students.CWildlife biologists. DInexperienced hikers.解析：选A推理判断题。文章给出的四款应用软件主要针对热爱大自然的人而设计，Seek，iNaturalist和MyNature Animal Tracks可以让人们对大自然中的动植物进行更为细致的了解，Oh, Ranger! ParkFinder可以帮助人们获得户外活动的信息。BTaylor Richardson has her eyes on the universe. Ever since a yo

10、ung age, she knew she loved space and made her goal to go to Mars someday. In order to start achieving her goal, she did some reasearch and found out about Mars Generation.The Mars Generation was created so that those who love space and Mars would have a way to meet people with similar interests. In

11、 the organization, collaborative (合作的) energy and a supportive environment make sharing dreams exciting and easy. Now, Taylor is a student ambassador (大使) for the organization and it is her job to tell people about the program and its mission (任务). She once advertised a program called “Train like an

12、 Astronaut” and she hopes that her efforts will be able to excite young people and adults about space exploration.Taylors biggest service mission involves increasing the literacy (读写能力) rate in America. When she was younger, she did not read well. However, because her mother was always supportive an

13、d helped Taylor by reading aloud to her and providing her with audio books, she eventually became a good reader. So, Taylor started a program called “Take Flight with a Book”， which focuses on helping more children enjoy reading materials. Through her book drives, she has raised over 500 books. And

14、now, she is on her third book drive and is collecting books to give to various organizations in Jacksonville.Taylor lives by her belief in the possibility of change. She said, “We still live in a wonderful world where we can still make a change and do whats right for all people.” In her own way, she

15、 is spreading positivity. By sharing her love for space and books, she is guiding other kids and becoming an inspiration to all.语篇解读：本文为记叙文。泰勒希望有朝一日能够踏上火星。为了实现这个目标，她成为“火星一代”的大使，她还鼓励更多的人去探索太空。5What does the program “Train like an Astronaut” do?AIt takes people to explore space.BIt trains students to

16、be astronauts.CIt employs more student ambassadors.DIt encourages people to discover more about space.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段的“. she hopes that her efforts will be able to excite young people and adults about space exploration”可知，该组织鼓励更多的人去喜欢太空探索。6How does Taylor encourage more children to read?ABy offerin

17、g audio books to kids.BBy creating a practical program.CBy asking mothers to read aloud to kids.DBy visiting various organizations in Jacksonville.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段的“So, Taylor started a program called Take Flight with a Book.”可知，她是通过开办一个项目鼓励更多的孩子阅读。7What may Taylor do in the future?ALive in a wonder

18、ful world.BHelp others make a change.CFigure out what is right in life.DPublish more books on space.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We still live in a wonderful world where we can still make a change and do whats right for all people”可知，她将继续帮助更多的人努力奋斗，从而改变这个世界。CFarmers have long relied on things that work withou

19、t their involvement bees to pollinate (授粉) flowers, earthworms (蚯蚓) to turn the soil, swallows to eat pests to make sure that crops grow the right way.Now a team of British researchers is trying to take this handsoff thinking in a hightech direction.Last October, scientists at Harper Adams Universit

20、y started a farm called the Hands Free Hectare to make the entire process of farming from sowing and fertilizing to harvest fully automatic.The project has just succeeded with five tons of robotgrown barley (大麦)“We believe the best idea is that in the future, farmers will manage groups of smaller, a

21、utonomous machines，” the researchers explained.“They will go out and work in the fields, allowing farmers to use their time more effectively instead of having to drive up and down the fields.”At the moment, agricultural machines very large and heavy can cover a lot of space quickly.But there are sho

22、rtcomings.“Fertilizer gets sprayed over entire farms, regardless of the different needs of different crops.Theyre also so heavy that theyre damaging farmers soils，” researcher Jonathan Gill said.Gill and his colleagues went smaller: a tractor, a combine and a harvester, which followed a programmed r

23、oute, using GPS.Altogether, they spent less than 200,000 on equipment, and used opensource technology and a drone (无人机)Eventually the system will be complex enough to treat different parts of a field, or even individual plants, differently.The team is quick to caution that they dont want to put farm

24、ers out of work.They said, “Instead of being busy in the fields, the farmer will manage the machines and monitor their crops.” The next stop for the barley will be a brewery.Thats not going to be completely automatic.At least not yet.语篇解读：本文是说明文。蜜蜂、蚯蚓以及燕子不需要人类的干预就可以为农业生产做出贡献。科研人员力图将这种“无为而治”的思想应用于高科技

25、的领域，改进农业机械以实现全面的农业自动化。8What feature of bees, earthworms and swallows inspired scientists?ATheir dependence on nature.BTheir special way of survival.CTheir selfless love for the earth.DTheir natural involvement in farming.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第一段的“Now a team of British researchers is trying to take this hand

26、soff thinking in a hightech direction”以及第二段的内容可知，蜜蜂、蚯蚓以及燕子不需要人类的干涉就可以使庄稼受益，研究者希望将这种“无为而治”的思想应用于科技农业的领域。9What advantage of Gills equipment is introduced in Para.4?AFreeing workers totally.BReducing the cost of harvest.CImproving the accuracy of farming.DIncreasing the output of different crops.解析：选C细

27、节理解题。根据第三段的“Fertilizer gets sprayed over entire farms, regardless of the different needs of different crops”可知，现有的农业机械设备不能精准施肥。第四段介绍了科研队选用小规模的农业设备，再加上GPS和无人机等设备的配合，可以实现精准农业的目标。10What can we infer from the last paragraph?AGills project is still at the design stage.BUnemployment wouldnt be a concern.C

28、The brewery will realize automation soon.DComplete automatic farming is unrealistic.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，科研队并不想农民因为农业自动化而失业，农民需要控制机器并持续观察农作物。11Which of the following would be the best title for the text?AThe future of handsfree farmingBThe functions of agricultural machinesCThe development of auto

29、matic harvestDThe shortcomings of traditional farming解析：选A标题归纳题。通读全文可知，农业科研人员正努力实现农业全面自动化以解放农民的双手，如今已取得不小的成就。DBorn in London in 1825, Thomas Henry Huxley was one of the great men of the nineteenth century.In 1846 Thomas Henry Huxley was appointed assistant doctor aboard HM.S. Rattlesnake.The ship ha

30、d been asked to survey areas of the Great Barrier Reef and the neighboring seas.This gave Thomas Henry Huxley an opportunity to study animal life and was the start of his biological career.The voyage lasted four years, during which time he gathered much information on plankton (浮游生物)On his return fr

31、om the voyage, Thomas Henry Huxley was made a member of the Royal Society in recognition of his scientific work.Although he continued to publish papers about plankton, his interest was turning towards vertebrate (有脊椎的) animals.For some time Thomas Henry Huxley and his workmates had been discussing t

32、he possibility that animal species had evolved (进化), one from another.No satisfactory theories had been put forward, but in 1859 Darwins Origin of Species appeared.Thomas Henry Huxley at once realized its importance and how the theory of natural selection provided “the working hypothesis (假说) we sou

33、ght”For the rest of his life Thomas Henry Huxley struggled to ensure the full recognition of Darwins work.In 1863 Thomas Henry Huxley published Mans Place in Nature in which he compared man and great apes (猿)He clearly showed similarities.Despite his many achievements he was given no award by the Br

34、itish state until late in his life.From about 1870, Thomas Henry Huxley was too involved in other things to continue actual research.He had always been interested in education.He pioneered the teaching of biology and his method of selecting “type animals” is still followed today.He spent the last te

35、n years of his life writing essays mainly on biology.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了英国生物学家、教育家赫胥黎的生平以及他的主要科学研究。12Why did Huxley go on the voyage?ATo explore the deep sea.BTo do research on sea animals.CTo work as a doctor on the ship.DTo gather information for his paper.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段的“In 1846 Thomas Henry Huxl

36、ey was appointed assistant doctor aboard HM.S.Rattlesnake”可知，赫胥黎进行这次航行的最初目的是在船上担任助理医生。13How did Huxley react to the theory of natural selection?AHe had doubt about it.BHe thought highly of it.CHe couldnt understand it.DHe thought he developed it first.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段的“Thomas Henry Huxley at once re

37、alized its importance and how the theory of natural selection provided the working hypothesis (假说) we sought”可知，赫胥黎很重视达尔文的自然选择学说。14What do we know about Huxleys book Mans Place in Nature?AIt discusses the importance of human beings.BIt focuses on Darwins theory of natural selection.CIt talks about t

38、he differences between man and apes.DIt provides evidence about the evolution of man from apes.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，赫胥黎在他的著作人类在自然界的位置中比较了人类与猿之间的相似处，说明它们在进化过程中的联系。15What can we learn about Huxley from the last paragraph?AHe continued his research till his death.BHe contributed a lot to biology teach

39、ing.CHe never got awards for his achievements.DHe became a good novelist late in his life.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段的“He had always been interested in education.He pioneered the teaching of biology and his method of selecting type animals is still followed today”可知，赫胥黎在生物教学方面做出了很大的贡献。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

40、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。You might think that to lose weight you need to do plenty of exercise pedalling speedily on an exercise bike, for example, or doing lengths in your local pool._16_These were the findings of an experiment comparing the benefits of exercise and hot baths that w

41、as carried out by Dr Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University._17_ Their blood sugar level was watched and the number of calories (卡路里) they burnt was measured.The experiment was then repeated, but instead of having a bath, the participants did an hours heavy exercise on a bike._18_“What we found，”

42、 said Dr Faulkner, “was an 80% increase in energy consumption, just as a result of sitting in the bath for the course of an hour.”_19_ The amount of blood sugar in the blood after a meal was on average 10% lower after the bath compared to that after exercise.Dr Faulkners explanation for the results

43、is that when you are in a hot bath, the sugar from the bloodstream to the muscles will change.Its important to keep blood sugar levels down to avoid damage to the arteries (动脉) and nerves._20_ You should aim to do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week.But, if you are one of those people who need t

44、o control their blood sugar levels or find it hard to exercise, why wait? Take a towel (毛巾) and have a hot bath!AThe results from both activities were compared.BDont think, though, that you can hang up your sports shoes!CThe volunteers first lay in a hot bath and then ate a light meal.DThe real surp

45、rise, however, came in the blood sugar level results.EYou would burn 140 calories if you worked out on an exercise bike.FPhysical activity may have less to do with weight loss than we think.GWell, you may be surprised to learn that lying in a steaming bath can bring the same benefits as exercise!语篇解

46、读：本文是说明文。一项研究发现，泡热水澡和运动一样，也能帮助人们消耗热量和降低血糖含量。16解析：选G根据第二段第一句中的“These were the findings of an experiment comparing the benefits of exercise and hot baths”可知，G项“如果有人告诉你躺在热气腾腾的浴缸里和体育锻炼带来的好处是一样的，你可能会感到很惊奇”符合语境。17解析：选C根据本空前面的“experiment”和“hot baths”可以锁定C项中的“volunteers”和“a hot bath”。代入后，“志愿者先躺在一个热的浴缸中，然后吃少

47、量饭”符合语境。18解析：选A结合本空前面的“The experiment was then repeated, but instead of having a bath, the participants did an hours heavy exercise on a bike”和本空后面的“What we found”可以锁定A项中的“results”和“both activities were compared”。代入后，“(研究者) 对比了这两次实验的结果”符合语境，在文章中起承上启下的作用。19解析：选D根据本空后面的“The amount of blood sugar”和“on

48、average 10% lower”可以锁定D项中的“blood sugar level results”。代入后，“然而，真正让人惊奇的是血糖含量的结果”符合语境。20解析：选B根据本空后面的“You should aim to do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week”可知，B项“但是你不要认为这样你就可以不用锻炼了”符合语境。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Some friends and I ran a glass studio tog

49、ether. A couple of years ago we experienced a(n) _21_ winter we had a lot of snow and ice. To make a long story _22_ the weight of the ice and snow destroyed the roof of our studio, taking with it one of our sources of _23_.Before it did happen, we got on the roof and tried to _24_ the snow and ice.

50、 But when you have 5 feet of ice and temperatures of 20， it was pretty _25_ to do.We had a contractor (承包商) come in to help us try and _26_ the roof by bracing (用支架支住). In the end, there was _27_ that could be done. The roof came down. _28_ we had moved a lot of our goods and tools from the studio,

51、we lost a lot.Here we were in the middle of winter with our studio fallen down. We couldnt _29_. We could have done one of two things: we could simply say that we could _30_ carry on our glass business let me tell you that this was certainly a thought that _31_ our minds. Or we could find a way to g

52、et our studio back up and _32_.We _33_ the second choice. We had a large barn that we were not using. So we repaired the barn, _34_ our working area and today we have a nicer studio than we _35_ had.Who hasnt _36_ difficulty in their lives? We all have _37_ about facing difficulty in our lives. The

53、_38_ is what we did to overcome it. We all have two choices: to do nothing, and just _39_ or to look at the difficulty as a(n) _40_.语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。我们面对困难时该怎么做？放弃还是坚持？选择权在我们自己手里。21A.meaningful BcoldCspecial Dtough解析：选D由“we had a lot of snow and ice”及“the weight of the ice and snow destroyed the roof o

54、f our studio”可知，那个冬天非常艰难。22A.short BtrueCinteresting Dtypical解析：选A作者用一句话解释了那个冬天的情况，故选A，意为“长话短说”。23A.love BconcernCincome Dexperience解析：选C他们的工作室被毁坏了，所以少了一个收入来源。24A.look down upon Bget rid ofCmake use of Dlook forward to解析：选B由“Before it did happen”可知，在房顶被大雪压坏之前，他们曾试图清除压在房顶的积雪。25A.challenging BboringCa

55、ppropriate Dpossible解析：选A由“when you have 5 feet of ice and temperatures of 20”可知，这项工作很有挑战。26A.examine BrebuildCsecure Dbreak解析：选C由“a contractor”以及“by bracing”可知，这里是指在想办法让房顶安全。27A.everything BanythingCsomething Dnothing解析：选D由“The roof came down”可知，最后实在无能为力了。28A.If BThoughCUnless DSince解析：选B由“we lost

56、a lot”可知，尽管已经搬离了许多物品和工具，但是作者和朋友依然损失惨重。29A.understand BescapeCwork Dthink解析：选C由“in the middle of winter with our studio fallen down”可知，在这种情况下他们无法工作。30A.no longer Bonce againCat first Dat last解析：选A他们面临两种选择，一种是不能再进行这方面的工作了。31A.expressed BcrossedCdetermined Dchanged解析：选B这里是指这个想法曾在他们头脑里出现过。32A.spreading

57、BbenefitingCmoving Drunning解析：选D由“to get our studio back up”可知，让这个工作室再次运转起来。33A.overcame BbannedCpicked Doffered解析：选C由下文可知，他们选择了第二种。34A.preserved BredesignedCcompared Dabandoned解析：选B原来的工作室被摧毁了，他们需要重新设计工作的地方。35A.previously BusuallyCfrequently Deventually解析：选A这里是在跟以前的那个工作室进行比较。36A.attempted BfacedCacc

58、epted Dcreated解析：选B作者在问：谁曾经没有面对过困难？37A.stories BnewsCopinions Ddoubts解析：选A我们都有面对过困难的经历。38A.suggestion BimportanceCnecessity Ddifference解析：选D这里是指面对困难不同的做法会导致不同的结果。39A.struggle BplayCquit Drest解析：选C由“to do nothing”可知，这里是指放弃。40A.prize BfailureCcause Dopportunity解析：选D我们可以选择放弃，也可以把这当作是一次机遇。.语法填空(共10小题；每小

59、题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Garrett Morgan, an AfricanAmerican businessman, invented a safety hood (安全罩) _41_ had the potential to change the way America fought fires and save countless lives.Morgan knew he had an amazing product, but convincing people _42_ (buy) it would be a diffic

60、ult task.On July 24, 1916, one of the eleven workers who were working on a tunnel in Cleveland hit a pocket of _43_ (nature) gas.The gas started burning, _44_ (send) a cloud of poisonous fumes rocketing through the tunnel.Two groups of rescuers went in after the workmen in the tunnel.But most of the

61、m _45_ (overcome) by the poisonous gas.Morgans safety hood was the only hope for the _46_ (trap) men.When he received the call, Morgan didnt bother changing his clothes.He gathered as many safety hoods _47_ he could.However, only three of the men were willing to put on the hoods and go down into the

62、 tunnel with him.Before long they pulled two weak bodies onto the platform.One of the workers was _48_ (fortunate) still alive.Besides the safety hood, Morgan also came up _49_ the very first threeposition traffic signal.His inventions helped _50_ (million) of people.语篇解读：Morgan，一位非裔美国人，发明了一种安全罩，挽救了

63、无数人的性命。41that/which考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰safety hood，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。42to buy考查不定式作补语的用法。convince sb. to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”。43natural考查形容词作定语的用法。natural gas意为“天然气”。44sending考查动词ing形式作状语的用法。设空处与a cloud of poisonous fumes在句中作伴随状语，且send所表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生，故填sending。45were overcome考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处描述的是

64、过去的事情，且most of them(指代rescuers)和overcome 之间是被动关系，故填were overcome。46trapped考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处在句中作定语修饰men，且trap和men之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填trapped。47as考查固定结构。as . as sb. could 意为“尽某人所能”。48fortunately考查副词。设空处修饰形容词alive，表示“幸运地”，故填fortunately。49with考查介词。come up with意为“想出”。50millions考查名词复数。millions of 意为“无数的”。.短文改错(共

65、10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Yesterday we went to Mount Erlong to plant trees as plan. On arriving there, we threw us in

66、to work in no time. Some students carried water, some dug holes, but others planted trees onto the holes and watered them. By noon, all the work completed. Tiring though we were, we felt that our work was worthwhile.It is a common knowledge which trees play an important role on the earth. Trees can

67、hold the soil and prevent it being washed off or blown away. What is more importantly is that trees can absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Besides, everyone should take action to make our country covered with more trees.答案：第一句：planplanned第二句：usourselves第三句：butand; ontointo第四句：work后加was第五句：Tir

68、ingTired第六句：去掉a; whichthat第八句：importantlyimportant第九句：BesidesTherefore .书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华。请根据以下要点提示，给你的英国笔友Martin写一封电子邮件，介绍你校在暑假期间将为外国交换生举办的汉语夏令营活动。内容包括：1活动时间和地点；2活动的主要安排。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：Dear Martin，The Chinese Summer Camp is to be held in our school from July 16th to July 30th du

69、ring the summer holiday. I know you want to have a chance of learning Chinese. Now I am writing to tell you something about it. This camp offers some activities as follows. Firstly, campers will learn Chinese by communicating with Chinese teachers and students so that they can speak Chinese fluently

70、. Secondly, there will be various parties, which help campers know Chinese history and culture well. Whats more, campers will have some chances to visit some museums and places of interest to experience Chinese culture.If you want to join, please visit our school website to find more information. Yours，Li Hua