2021高考英语（新高考版）一轮复习教师用书：第3部分 题型一 专题二　主旨大意题 WORD版含解析.docx

1、专题二主旨大意题Passage 12019全国,D体裁:说明文主题:青少年中小学阶段的受欢迎类型词数:339难度:建议时间:8分钟高考真题During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. T

2、hey rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the

3、 likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and

4、 even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.In one study, D

5、r. Prinstei n examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were hi

6、gh in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you bett

7、er able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of l

8、ife experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, he said.32.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.33.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C.

9、 The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34.What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.35.What is the b

10、est title for the text?A. Be Nice You Wont Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BetterC. Be the Best You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness命题分析素养解读本文作者结合自己的亲身经历和研究人员的研究结论,论述了受欢迎的人的两种类型:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。在语篇选择上注重关注人际关系,促使考生提高思辨能力。这主要体现了学科核心素养中的语言能力和思维品质这两个方面。试题分析33题是段落大意题,需要考生通读第二段并

11、整合全段内容作出判断。35题是标题归纳题,需要考生在整体把握文章主旨大意和写作意图的情况下,选出最佳标题。庖丁解牛熟词生义employ常见义:v.雇用本文义:v.运用,使用词块积累1.rosy years 美好的几年2.clinical psychology 临床心理学3.dishonorable behavior 不光彩的行为4.carry over 继续存在难句突破 句式分析:主句的主干为They rose, not by.others为not.but.连接的介宾并列结构,作状语, among whom引导非限制性定语从句。句意:他们不是靠着对人友善而是靠着抽烟、违反规则和戏弄别人来提升自

12、己的地位,我很快就发现自己也在被戏弄的队伍中。【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了青少年小学与中学阶段的受欢迎类型及其影响。32.C考查推理判断。根据第一段的第一句During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status可知,作者在小学时乐于分享。unkind不友好的,lonely孤独的,generous慷慨的,大方的,cool酷的,故选C。33.A考查段落大意。根据第二段的第二句Mitch Pr

13、instein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers可知,受欢迎的人被分为两类:受人喜爱的人和追求地位的人;接着第三、四句分别描述了两类受欢迎的人的特征,因此该段主要是介绍受欢迎的人的两种类型。故选A。34.B考查推理判断。根据第四段的最后一句It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has

14、 just the opposite effect on us可知,受人喜爱的人能够进行健康的调整,故选B,B选项中的adaptable 和该句中的healthy adjustment相呼应。35.A考查标题判断。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段的第一句In analyzing his and other research,Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those out

15、comes, too可知,受人喜爱与积极的人生结果相关,是这些结果的成因。因此,对人友好,你的人生不会太差,故选A。Passage 22018全国,B体裁:说明文主题:城市的存在缘由与兴衰词数:310难度:建议时间:7分钟Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications

16、 and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, C

17、anada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled ove

18、r snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult tr

19、ip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been

20、found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the c

21、hief industry of Dawson City its present population is 762.24.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A. Its business culture. B. Its small population.C. Its geographical position.D. Its favourable climate.25.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A. Two-thirds of th

22、em stayed there.B. One out of five people got rich.C. Almost everyone gave up.D. Half of them died.26.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A. They found the city too crowded. B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C. They were unable to stand the winter.D. They were short of

23、food.27.What is the text mainly about?A. The rise and fall of a city.B. The gold rush in Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.D. Tourism in Dawson.命题分析素养解读本文有助于学生了解城市的发展问题,认识人类发展的相互依赖性与共同价值,树立人类命运共同体意识。本文通过对城市兴起、壮大、衰落的原因的分析,培养学生分析问题的能力,并促使他们对事物或问题作出正确的价值判断。这主要体现了学科核心素养中的文化意识和思维品质这两个方面。试题分析27题为主旨大意

24、题。考生要通读全文,理清文章脉络,进而总结出文章大意。庖丁解牛文章结构第一段:决定城市位置的因素。第二段:人们蜂拥至加拿大道森市的原因。第三段:道森市的衰落和现状。熟词生义 make it常见义:成功本文义:顺利到达难句突破 句式分析:本句表示部分否定,等同于But all cities dont develop slowly over a long period of time.。否定词与all, every, both等词连用时构成部分否定。句意:但并非所有的城市都在很长一段时间内发展缓慢。【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了加拿大道森市的历史、发展与现状。24.C考查推理判断。根据第一段中的Ne

25、w York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million可推知,纽约市靠近哈德逊河入海口处的一个大港口,其优越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者,故C项Its geographical position正确。A项它的商业文化,B项它的少量人口和D项它的有利气候在文中均无信息支撑。25.B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的Of the first 20,

26、000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich可知,在最初的20 000淘金者中,有4 000人变得富有了,换言之,有五分之一的人(One out of five people)变得富有了,故答案为B。A项属无中生有,文中并未提及最先到达道森市的20 000人中有三分之二的人留在了那里;C项说几乎所有人都放弃了,这与文中描述的4 000人变得富有矛盾;文章第二段提到,在前往道森市的途中,雪崩造成了63人死亡,并不是10 000人死亡,故D项错误。26.B考查推理判断。根据第三段中的But soon.and when they heard there we

27、re new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come可知,当道森市的黄金都被发现后,人们听说在阿拉斯加发现了黄金,他们便很快离开了道森市。由此可推知,他们想去阿拉斯加碰碰运气。A项属偷换概念,文中说的是The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down (这个城市挤满了失望且无心定居下来的人们);C项属无中生有,文中并未说他们不能忍受这里的冬季;D项属曲解文意,文章提到Ne

28、cessities like food and wood were very expensive (诸如食品和木材这样的生活必需品非常昂贵),并不是说他们缺少食品。27.A考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述了道森市的兴衰,故A项正确。B项加拿大淘金热,以偏概全;C项荒野之旅,曲解文意;D项道森市的旅游业,不符合文意。方法1 精确归纳标题的方法典例12018全国,BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in

29、 her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.

30、 And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains.I pay 5 fo

31、r a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Mo

32、ney: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights special they come to the aid of a family in need of some de

33、licious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for Less考查标题

34、判断。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了Susanna Reid主持的一档电视节目Save Money: Good Food。仔细研读主要段落的主题句(第一段中的showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget,第二段中的offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day和最后一段中的The team transforms . with less

35、expensive but still tasty recipes)可知,Save Money: Good Food这个节目旨在帮助普通家庭用更少的钱做出营养美味的饭菜,故选D。另外,从文学角度分析,Cooking Well for Less这个标题使用了Well和Less,它们在含义上形成对比,能成功吸引读者的注意,使他们对文章产生兴趣,比平铺直叙告知文章大意的标题更具文学色彩。D方法2 概括文章大意的方法典例22017丙卷(全国),CAfter years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone Nati

36、onal Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced

37、 by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations major food sources (来

38、源) for the wolf grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes, and completely drove away the parks beavers.

39、As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spen

40、t nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while

41、beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.28.What is the text mainly about?A. Wildlife research in the United States.B. Plant diversity in the Y

42、ellowstone area.C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.考查主旨大意。纵观全文尤其是第一段第一句中的gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park和最后一段第一句The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves可知,本文主要讲的是将灰

43、狼重新引入黄石国家公园这一举措。D考法3 总结段落大意的方法典例3In 1988, a company in Ohio invented an alcohol-based hand cleaner, which was meant to be used by health-care workers, when soap and water were unavailable. Joe Kanfer, the companys CEO, told me recently, There were a couple of other alcohol products out there, but th

44、ey were really ugly. Either they were greasy (油腻的) or they burned your hands white. Kanfer took a year and a half to develop this product which is visually appealing and does almost no harm to ones skin. Still, Kanfer lost money on it for more than a decade because people couldnt get what it was for

45、. The product is called Purell. Today, you can see it everywhere. My doctor uses it several times during every office visit. You can see it in almost every office in the U.S. and schoolpicnics would be impossible without it. The former president George W.Bush was called a racist for using the hand c

46、leaner, but after first shaking hands with Barack Obama,Bush also gave some of it to him and recommended it as a cold preventative (预防药). What was once barely even a product is now a growing product category, worth hundreds of millions per year.29.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. Purell br

47、ings in lots of money for Kanfer.B. Purell has been widely used in the U.S.C. Purell is a cold preventative.D. Purell meets different needs.考查段落大意。由第二段的第一、二句The product is called Purell. Today, you can see it everywhere以及下文的举例可以看出,本段主要讲的是Purell这种产品的广泛用途。BPassage 12019江苏,B体裁主题词数难度建议时间说明文黄石国家公园的火山3366

48、分钟In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldnt find the parks volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature thats what accou

49、nted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone(圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma(岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkab

50、ly quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are

51、 some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Y

52、ellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption th

53、at they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park 2.2 million acres was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across much too huge to be seen from

54、anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.58.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?A. Its complicated geographical features.B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.C. The my

55、sterious history of the park.D. The exact location of the volcano.59.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?A. The shapes of volcanoes.B. The impacts of volcanoes.C. The activities of volcanoes.D. The heights of volcanoes.60.What does the underlined word blow-up in the last paragraph most

56、probably mean?A. Hot-air balloon.B. Digital camera.C. Big photograph.D. Birds view.Passage 22018全国,D体裁主题词数难度建议时间说明文闲聊的作用3097分钟Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with t

57、he uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers,

58、consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) fo

59、r social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains.The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just co

60、mmunicate with them.In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with th

61、eir server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband, says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.Dunn believes that p

62、eople who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners, he says.32.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to

63、 smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business d

64、eals.34.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises peoples confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35.What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefit

65、s of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable SilencePassage 32018全国,D体裁主题词数难度建议时间说明文简约生活3057分钟Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did

66、 how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness

67、. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).For weeks, Ive been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we tra

68、in ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes,

69、ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.W

70、e both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.32.What do the words more is more in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, mo

71、re worries.D. Earn more and spend more.33.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A. Saving up for her holiday.B. Raising money for a poor girl.C. Adding the money to her fund.D. Giving the money to a sick mother.34.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A. To try out an idea. B.

72、 To show a parents love.C. To train his attention.D. To help him start a hobby.35.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from KidsC. Live More with LessD. The Pleasure of GivingPassage 42018北京,A体裁主题词数难度建议时间记叙文我的第一次马拉松3155分钟My First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my

73、 first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do eith

74、er well. He later informed me that I was not athletic.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body an

75、d mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At

76、mile 3, I passed a sign:GO FOR IT,RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan.

77、 She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of sham

78、e and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a marathon winner.36.A month before the marathon, the author .A. was well trainedB. felt scaredC. made up his mind to runD. lost hope37.Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse

79、 the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memory.38.How was the authors first marathon?A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize.D. He walked to the end.39.What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his famil

80、y support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.Passage 52017浙江,A体裁主题词数难度建议时间记叙文绘画之父本杰明韦斯特3195分钟Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not kn

81、ow about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camels hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur.

82、Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cats lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamins cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamins drawings. When he went

83、home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr.Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benja

84、min had done with his gift. He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Willia

85、ms was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night. While it is likely that he

86、understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.21.What is the text mainly about?A. Benjamins visit to Philadelphia.B. Williams influence on Benjamin.C. The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.

87、D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.22.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A. The cat would be closely watched.B. The cat would get some medical care.C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.23.What did Pennington do to help

88、 Benjamin develop his talent?A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.B. He provided him with painting materials.C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D. He taught him how to make engravings.24.Williams two books helped Benjamin to .A. master the use of paintsB. appreciate landscape paintings

89、C. get to know other paintersD. make up his mind to be a painter专题二主旨大意题【答案速查】Passage 1DACPassage 2CBDCPassage 3ACACPassage 4CCAB Passage 5CDBDPassage 1本文是一篇说明文。20世纪60年代,Bob Christiansen在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史时,对一件以前从未困扰过任何人的事情感到困惑:他找不到公园里的火山。58.D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something

90、that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldnt find the parks volcano可知,Bob Christiansen对黄石国家公园的火山位置感到困惑。59.A考查段落大意。根据第二段内容尤其是其中的Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone(圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro和a second less known type of volcano that doesnt involve m

91、ountain building.a vast hole可知,该段主要讲两类火山的形状。60.C考查词义猜测。根据画线词前的NASA decided to.by taking photographs of Yellowstone和后面的As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park 2.2 million acres was caldera可知, NASA拍摄了黄石国家公园的照片,Christiansen在照片上看到公

92、园的全景。由此可推知,blow-up意为放大的照片。Passage 2研究表明,闲聊在人际交往中起着重要的作用。【段意梳理】第一段:用实例引出人们在公共场所不交流的现象。第二段:通过设问分析问题的原因。第三段:讲述闲聊的重要性。第四段:介绍Elizabeth Dunn在咖啡店的实验。第五段:用Dunn和Carducci的观点总结全文。【长难句解读】Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused

93、on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.分析:这是一个主从复合句。冒号后面的内容用来解释there的具体内容;过去分词短语surrounded by people作状语;people后接who引导的定语从句,从句中like us作插入语,从句包含or连接的两个并列结构。译文:我们都曾处于这样的场合在电梯里,在银行(排队的)队列里或在飞机上,周围的人,像我们一样,注意力完全集中在自己的智能手机上,或者更糟的是,他们在与令人不适的沉寂作斗争。32.C考查细节理解。文章第一段描述了人们在公共场

94、所不交流的现象,本段中的uncomfortable silence与选项C中的Absence of communication相呼应。33.B考查细节理解。根据第三段中的The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them可知,Carducci认为成功闲聊的关键在于学会如何与他人沟通。34.D考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段第三句The results showed that those who chatted with their server

95、 reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience可知,闲聊使得人们感觉很好。故选D项。35.C考查标题判断。通读全文可知,文章主要讨论了闲聊在人际交往中的重要作用。故C项是本文的最佳标题。Passage 3本文作者通过引导孩子主动捐赠或变卖玩具以及与儿子玩球的事例说明了简单物品能够使我们获得快乐的道理。【段意梳理】第一段:成年人对物品的态度以及作者对自己孩子的期望。第二段:如何鼓励孩子捐赠和变卖不常玩的玩具。第三段:作者通过与儿子玩球的事例帮助孩子形成简约的生活方式。第四段:

96、简单物品能够为我们带来的乐趣。32.A考查句意理解。根据生活常识可知,父母对孩子总是倾注所有,所以可以猜测more is more应该是多多益善的意思。此外,第一个句子表明成年人明白到处堆满物品是什么感觉,而后面用Why提问,由此可知more is more 应该和前句中的be flooded with所表达的意思相似。同时,第三句话又从反面呼应了第二句话,表示好消息是我能帮助自己的孩子早早学会如何从较少的东西中获得更多(乐趣)。结合生活常识,再加上三句话在意思上相互印证,就可以选出答案。Enough is enough意为够了,适可而止;More money, more worries意为钱

97、越多烦恼越多; Earn more and spend more意为挣得越多花得越多。33.C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金) 可知,当我们承诺将变卖玩具所得费用存入她的上学基金时,女儿就挑选了一些平时不经常玩的大点儿的玩具去卖。34.A考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determ

98、ined to test my own theory on this可知,作者与儿子玩球的目的是检验自己的想法,故选A。35.C考查标题判断。全文围绕 Live More with Less这一观点展开论述。A项Take It or Leave It(要么接受,要么放弃),文章并未讨论两种非此即彼的选择,故错误;B项A Lesson from Kids(从孩子那里获得的教训)与文意不符;D项The Pleasure of Giving(给予的乐趣)曲解文意,语篇的重点并非给予。Passage 4文章讲述了没有运动天赋的作者不畏艰辛,挑战自我,最终成功完成了自己第一次马拉松比赛的故事。36.C考

99、查细节理解。根据第一段中的Yet, I was determined to go ahead 可知,在马拉松比赛前一个月,虽然作者的脚踝受伤,但他依然下定决心参加比赛。故选C。37.C考查推理判断。根据第二段中的I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic 可推知,作者谈及体育课的目的是向读者表明他没有运动天赋。故选C。38.A考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的 I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! 可知,作者完成了自己的第一次

100、马拉松比赛。make it意为 达到预定目标,做到,获得成功。故选A。39.B考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的Yet, I was determined to go ahead以及最后一段可知,作者主要表达的内容是胜利者是一个有着坚强意志的人。故选B。Passage 5本文主要讲述了美国绘画之父本杰明韦斯特小时候受到的艺术启蒙。【段意梳理】第一段:本杰明6岁时就展现出艺术天赋,并用猫毛制作了画笔。第二段:用猫毛制作画笔的事被父亲知道了。第三段:本杰明的天赋引起了堂兄Pennington的注意;Pennington给了他一些帮助。第四段:9岁时本杰明被堂兄Pennington带到费城。第五段:在费城

101、,本杰明开始叩响艺术殿堂的大门,并决定成为一名画家。【长难句解读】While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是they were his introduction to classical paintings,While it is likely that he understood very little of the books是让步状语从句; that he understo

102、od very little of the books是主语从句。译文:虽然本杰明有可能对这些书理解甚少,但它们却是他了解古典绘画的入门读物。21.C考查主旨大意。根据文章第一段首句Benjamin West. showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age以及第四段首句In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old和最后一段内容可知,文章主要讲述了本杰明韦斯特小时候受到的艺术启蒙,故选C项。22.D考查句意理解。该句要结合上下文来理解,第二段提到本杰明用猫毛制作画笔,导致猫破相,而下文

103、又提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington给他送来了颜料和画笔。由此可以推知,画线句说猫的命运即将得到改善,隐含着本杰明将不必再用猫毛制作画笔,他会有真正的画笔这层含义,故选D项。23.B考查细节理解。根据文章第五段首句In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings可知,为了帮助本杰明培养绘画才能,堂兄Pennington给他提供了绘画材料,故选B项。24.D考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段本杰明说的话以及While it is likely that he understood .The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist可知,Williams给本杰明两本关于绘画的书,这两本书是帮助本杰明了解古典绘画的入门读物,并使他决定成为一名画家,故选D项。