2024届高考英语完形填空宏观逻辑（03）讲义.docx

1、一、高考英语完形填空宏观逻辑-形容词和副词题说过了名词和动词的解题思路以后，剩下的形容词和副词就简单多了，而且在题目里考查的数量也是偏少的。关于形容词和副词，你需要在解题的时候注意以下三件事：首先，形容词和副词的主要作用是对名词和动词进行性质和状态的描述，而描述必定会根据写作出发点的不同，为原有的名词和动词增加作者需要的感情色彩。作者的任何情感在文章里都不可能是昙花一现的，为了确保情感能够准确无误地传递给读者，必然要通过几个相同方向的情感体现在一起共同作用。因此，在判断形容词副词的时候，通过关注已知内容里作者的感情色彩，可以确定作者在这里要传递的是什么样的情感，从而筛选出情感一致的选项，这就是

2、形容词和副词的核心解题思路正负态度体现。需要注意的是，作者在文章里呈现的态度有三种，分别是正态度、负态度和中性。如果文章里作者描述的内容是正面的、积极的，那么你就应该匹配正态度选项；如果文章里作者描述的内容是负面的、消极的，那么你就应该匹配负态度选项；如果文章里作者没有体现任何正面或负面的情感，那么你在选项中也不应该选择明显的正态度或负态度。其次，形容词副词与名词或动词的配合，在题目中涉及的主要是人物和事物的性质、人物的情感和心理活动、动作的状态特征这三种主要表现形式。与之前名词动词的解题思路类似，形容词副词也同样要保证描述对象的合理性。一个已知的名词可能具备什么样的性质，一个已知的人物可能有

3、什么样的心理活动，一个已知的动作可能呈现什么样的状态，必须要在符合常理的前提下进行考虑。最后，有两类副词比较特殊。其中一类是在句中独立存在的副词，往往是一个词用逗号断开的形式。如unfortunately、clearly、obviously、naturally等，而另一类是一系列不表示动作状态的短小精悍的副词，如still、even、also、ever、only、just等。这两类副词在句中发挥的作用都是体现上下文内容的逻辑关系，所以在解题的时候需要结合前后语句的关系，才能作出正确判断。二、 例题文本Practice 1Ask people to name the worlds tallest

4、 peak and anybody with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. But quiz them on its exact (21) _ and many will be not sure.21. A. location B. appearance C. area D. heightIn 1975, Chinese surveyors (22) _ that Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest) was 8,848.13 meters high. As (23) _ improved,

5、satellites, photo electricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were (24) _ to get more exact figures. Of course, someone still had to carry (25) _ to what is the worlds rooftop.22. A. estimated B. assumed C. determined D. admitted23. A. condition B. technology C. society D. economy24. A.

6、 employed B. expected C. approached D. inspired25. A. weapons B. vehicles C. instruments D. packagesIn 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they (26) _ the height to be 8,844.43 meters. Scaling Qomolangma is no (27) _ task. The average air temperature

7、there is -29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees (28) _ than in Antarctica. The snow there is 4-5 meters thick and hurricane-like (29) _ blow all the time. Team members were training to (30) _ the extreme conditions.26. A. changed B. calculated C. extended D. expanded27. A. glorious B. easy C. admira

8、ble D. tough28. A. colder B. hotter C. higher D. lower29. A. snows B. rains C. winds D. snowflakes30. A. cope with B. fight for C. take on D. carry outIn a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangmas height is a tall order, (31) _ huge amounts of money and human resources. But it is worth the (32) _. Qomola

9、ngma is the perfect (33) _ for observing crustal (地壳的) movements. And changes to the peaks height could (34) _ whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.31. A. wasting B. spending C. overcoming D. involving32. A. effort B. loss C. harvest D. achievement33. A. channel B. windo

10、w C. solution D. entrance34. A. indicate B. foresee C. measure D. exposeBesides, the condition of snow and other natural materials at the top is an indicator of upcoming climate change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. Thats (35) _ measuring the Qomolangmas height is so significant. Put to good use, and

11、 it can benefit mankind.35. A. where B. how C. why D. whether三、例题逐题解析我们结合Practice 1中剩余的题目来看看形容词和副词的解题思路。1.Scaling Qomolangma is no (27) _ task. The average air temperature there is -29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees (28) _ than in Antarctica.27.A. Glorious B. easy C. admirable D. tough28.A. Cold

12、er B. hotter C. higher D. lower解题思路：27题需要对“task 任务”的性质进行描述。根据后文的“平均气温零下29度”可以得知气候条件恶劣，那么这里必定是负态度体现。因为空格前面出现了否定词no，所以只有填入正态度词，才能得到负态度的结果，“不是好的”才是“不好的”。由此排除D选项负态度形容词“tough 困难的”。剩下的三个正态度形容词中，A选项“glorious 光荣的”和C选项“admirable 令人钦佩的”都与气候恶劣毫无关系，不是“任务”应该具备的合理性质，所以正确答案必定为B选项“easy 容易的、简单的”。28题又是一道命题者利用中文笼统翻译产生

13、的误导人为设置陷阱的题目。题目在比较珠峰的平均气温和南极洲的气温，形容词对应的名词是“temperature 气温”，合理的性质就不是A选项“cold 冷”或B选项“hot 热”，气温没有冷热，只有高低。误选A选项的同学，完全是因为在中文不严谨翻译的误导下，忽视了形容词对名词性质描述的合理要求。even在句中发挥递进的作用，那么这里的平均气温一定是比南极洲再低4度，才能体现负态度的增强，所以答案为D选项“low 低”。如果换成C选项“high 高”，与递进的逻辑就矛盾了。2.Besides, the condition of snow and other natural materials a

14、t the top is an indicator of upcoming climate change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. Thats (35) _ measuring the Qomolangmas height is so significant. Put to good use, and it can benefit mankind.35.A. Where B. how C. why D. whether解题思路：类似35题这样的题目其实不应该出现在完形填空里，因为这是一道考查从句关系词的语法题。我们可以借助语法填空的解题思路来操作一下。空格前面

15、的Thats明显说明主句不完整，于是应该立刻想到“主句不完整”的情况下，重点的关系词是what、who、whether、how、why这五个。从句“measuring the Qomolangmas height is so significant 测量珠峰的高度是如此重要”是完整句，那么重点需要考虑的就是whether、how、why这三个。把BCD三个选项逐一带入后，答案很容易判断为C选项“why 为什么、的原因”。Thats whether measuring the Qomolangmas height is so significant.那就是是否测量珠峰的高度是如此重要。（语义混乱

16、，到底是重要还是不重要）Thats how measuring the Qomolangmas height is so significant.那就是如何测量珠峰的高度是如此重要。（语义混乱，句中没有涉及任何方式相关内容）Thats why measuring the Qomolangmas height is so significant.那就是为什么测量珠峰的高度是如此重要。（语义合理，前面的句子就是测量高度重要的原因）到此为止，完形填空的四大主要考查词性“名词、动词、形容词、副词”的解题思路就初步讲解完毕了。在题目中不断熟悉这些词性相关题目的具体操作，积累必要的语句理解经验和词汇用法知

17、识，就是完形填空对于你的要求。此外，还有个别的连词题和介词题，我们在看到的时候随时解释，基本上都没有什么难度，注意积累就可以了。四、高考英语完形填空真题练习The future is burning bright for Smell of Love Candles and its 12-year-old CEO. After 1 the business in his familys kitchen about two years ago, Alejandro will bring his candles to a world-famous shopping mall next week.Th

18、e 2 for Smell of Love came to Alejandro in 2019 when he discovered his moms head hurt from the smell of the candles she 3 . Despite loving candles very much, she had no choice but to 4 them. Unwilling to see his mom 5 , Alejandro started testing alternatives that would be 6 to make candles. To his d

19、elight, the first product was a 7 with his mom and her headache disappeared.After deciding to form a business, Alejandro started brainstorming potential 8 . “You smell candles, and they bring joy and love into your home, so why dont we call them Smell of Love Candles?” he said. “The name truly goes

20、with his 9 ,” said his mom. “Bringing happiness to others has been a big 10 in everything he does.”Now Alejandro becomes the 11 stand owner of the nations most popular shopping mall. “We are very excited to support Alejandro with the opportunity to 12 his Smell of Love candles,” says the manager. “T

21、his is the first time that we have rented a place to a kid and 13 it will inspire more kids to follow their 14 .”Alejandros business is doing well, and hes making money. Besides saving for school, he donates to charities monthly. To Alejandro, 15 isnt only about making money. Its about spreading lov

22、e and helping others.1Alearning Bjoining Cstarting Dexpanding2Ahope Btime Cidea Dsearch3Alit Bsaw Cheld Dmake4Aget addicted to Bmake use of Ctake advantage of Dget rid of5Asad Bangry Cworried Dembarrassed6Astable Bhealthy Crecyclable Dconvenient7Ahit Bbond Cconcern Dtrial8Anames Bprofits Cproducts D

23、locations9Aage Binterest Ctalent Dpersonality10Aleap Btheme Cdiscovery Dchallenge11Abusiest Brichest Cwisest Dyoungest12Ashare Bpromote Ccreate Dimprove13Agenerally Bfortunately Camazingly Dcertainly14Asteps Bpassions Cmovements Dinstructions15 Aeffort Bambition Csuccess DResponsibility五、 高考英语完形填空真题

24、解析【答案】1C 2C 3A 4D 5A 6B 7A 8A 9D 10B 11D 12B 13D 14B 15C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了12岁的亚历杭德罗如何在家里开始他的“爱的味道”蜡烛生意，并将他的蜡烛带到了世界著名的购物中心，这个生意不仅仅是为了赚钱，更是为了传递爱和帮助他人。1考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约两年前，亚历杭德罗在家里的厨房里开始了他的生意，下周，他将把蜡烛带到一家世界著名的购物中心。A. learning学习；B. joining加入；C. starting开始；D. expanding扩张。根据“Alejandro will bring his candl

25、es to a world-famous shopping mall next week.”可知，亚历杭德罗两年前在家里的厨房里开始了他的生意。故选C。2考查名词词义辨析。句意：2019年，亚历杭德罗发现妈妈点燃的蜡烛气味让她头疼，于是萌生了制作“爱的味道”的想法。A. hope希望；B. time时间；C. idea想法；D. search搜寻。根据“when he discovered his moms head hurt from the smell of the candles she _3_.”可知，亚历杭德罗制作蜡烛想法是因为妈妈点燃的蜡烛气味让她头疼。故选C。3考查动词词义辨析。

26、句意：2019年，亚历杭德罗发现妈妈点燃的蜡烛气味让她头疼，于是萌生了制作“爱的味道”的想法。A. lit点燃；B. saw看见；C. held握住；D. make制作。根据“the smell of the candles”可知，这里指点燃蜡烛散发的气味。故选A。4考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管妈妈非常喜欢蜡烛，但她别无选择，只能把蜡烛扔掉。A. get addicted to沉溺于；B. make use of利用；C. take advantage of利用；D. get rid of除去；丢弃。根据“The _2_ for Smell of Love came to Alejandr

27、o in 2019 when he discovered his moms head hurt from the smell of the candles she _3_.”可知，点燃蜡烛散发的气味让母亲头疼，所以不得不把蜡烛丢弃。故选D。5考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亚历杭德罗不愿看到妈妈伤心，他开始测试健康的替代品来制作蜡烛。A. sad难过的；B. angry生气的；C. worried担心的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据“Despite loving candles very much, she had no choice but to _4_ them.”可知，妈妈喜欢蜡烛

28、，但不得不丢弃，所以很难过。故选A。6考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亚历杭德罗不愿看到妈妈伤心，他开始测试健康的替代品来制作蜡烛。A. stable稳定的；B. healthy健康的；C. recyclable在利用；D. convenient便利的。根据“Alejandro started testing alternatives”可知，亚历杭德罗用健康的替代品来制作蜡烛。故选B。7考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他高兴的是，第一款产品很受他妈妈的欢迎，她的头痛消失了。A. hit打击；很受欢迎的人(或事物)；B. bond结合；C. concern关心；D. trial试验。根据“and her h

29、eadache disappeared.”可知，亚历杭德罗的第一款产品受他妈妈的欢迎。故选A。8考查名词词义辨析。句意：在决定创业后，亚历杭德罗开始为潜在的名字进行头脑风暴。A. names名字；B. profits利润；C. products产品；D. locations位置。根据“You smell candles, and they bring joy and love into your home, so why dont we call them Smell of Love Candles?” he said.”可知，亚历杭德罗想为自己制作的蜡烛起名字。故选A。9考查名词词义辨析。句

30、意：“这个名字真的很符合他的性格，”他妈妈说。 A. age年纪；B. interest兴趣；C. talent才能；D. personality个性。根据“Bringing happiness to others has been a big _10_ in everything he does.”可知，妈妈认为“爱的味道”这个名字很符合亚历杭德罗的性格。故选D。10考查名词词义辨析。句意：为他人带来快乐一直是他做任何事的一大主题。A. leap跳跃；B. theme主题；C. discovery发现；D. challenge挑战。根据“Bringing happiness to other

31、s”可知，为他人带来快乐一直是亚历杭德罗做任何事的一大主题。故选B。11考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：现在，亚历杭德罗成为了这个国家最受欢迎的购物中心最年轻的摊主。A. busiest最繁忙的；B. richest最富有的；C. wisest最明智的；D. youngest最年轻的。根据“The future is burning bright for Smell of Love Candles and its 12-year-old CEO.”和下文“This is the first time that we have rented a place to a kid”可知，亚历杭德罗只有

32、12岁，是购物中心最年轻的摊主。故选D。12考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位经理说：“我们很高兴能支持亚历杭德罗，让他有机会推广他的爱的味道蜡烛。”A. share分享；B. promote促进；推广；C. create创造；D. improve提升。根据“We are very excited to support Alejandro with the opportunity”可知，经理支持亚历杭德罗推广他的爱的味道蜡烛。故选B。13考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是我们第一次把地方租给孩子，这肯定会激励更多的孩子追随自己的激情。A. generally普遍地；B. fortunately幸运地；C.

33、 amazingly惊奇地；D. certainly一定。根据“This is the first time that we have rented a place to a kid”可知，经理认为这样的行为肯定会激励更多的孩子追随自己的激情。故选D。14考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我们第一次把地方租给孩子，这肯定会激励更多的孩子追随自己的激情。A. steps步骤；B. passions激情；C. movements活动；D. instructions教诲。根据“This is the first time that we have rented a place to a kid and _13_”可知，将摊位租给孩子，会激励更多的孩子追随自己的激情。故选B。15考查名词词义辨析。句意：对亚历杭德罗来说，成功不仅仅是赚钱。A. effort努力；B. ambition雄心；C. success成功；D. responsibility责任。根据“Its about spreading love and helping others.”可知，对亚历杭德罗来说，成功不仅仅是赚钱，更多的是关于传播爱和帮助他人。故选C。