Day 15 特殊结构-2022年暑假新高一【初高中衔接】必备英语知识抢先学(通用版).docx

1、2022年暑假新高一初高中衔接英语知识抢先学(通用版)英语句法篇特殊结构一、强调句 强调句知识结构强调句型注意点例 句It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：It is(was) +被强调部分+that(who)；表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It isthat (who)；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was that(who)。原句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palac

2、e.强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace. 谓语动词的强调It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓

3、语时，要用助动词do/does或did。注意：do用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对实义动词一般现在时肯定句（除主语是第三人称单数）的强调；does用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定句主语是第三人称单数的强调；did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。Do be careful when you cross the street.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！They do work hard at maths.他们对数学的学习确实很努力。He does send an email to me every day.他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。He did do his homework yester

4、day.昨天他确实做了家庭作业。It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)句型的变式It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)句式基本特征：Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that；或情态动词+ it + be + 被强调部分 + thatWas it in 1969 _ the American astronauts succeeded _ landing on the moon ?A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; inCould it be in the restaurant in _ you had

5、 dinner with me yesterday _ you lost your handbag?A. that; which B. which; that C. where; that D. that; where特殊疑问句形式句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that？或特殊疑问词 + 情态动词 + it + be + 被强调部分 + that_ is it _ has made Peter _ he is today?Determination.A. What; that; that B. That; that; what C. What; what; that D. Wh

6、at; that; what反意疑问句形式句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that，isnt / wasnt it？It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, _?A. do they B. didnt they C. wasnt it D. was it强调句与其它句型的结合与名词从句的结合句式特征为：整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。Ive already forgotten _ you put the dictionary.A. that it was th

7、ere B. where was it that 来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K来源:学&科&网C. that where it was D. where it was that【解析】D。本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。第一步：复原It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.第二步：对划线部分提问Where was it that you put the dictionary?第三步：变为陈述语序，将其用作forgotten的宾语从句则变为：Ive already forgotten where

8、 it was that you put the dictionary.It was at the very beginning _ Mr. Fox made the decision _ we should send more firefighters there.A. when; which B. where; what 来源:Zxxk.Com来源:Zxxk.ComC. then; so D. that; that【解析】D。 第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。与定语从句的结合句式特征为：在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分

9、中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句。It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _ he spent his childhood. A. which; that B. that; where C. which; which D. that; which【解析】A。本题含义为是在这间小房子里他度过了童年，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that，故答案选A。Is _ three hours _ the boy _ family i

10、s poor to come to school on foot?A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that;【解析】B。本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb. some time to do sth.的糅合。强调句型的省略形式句式特征为：在一定的上下文中，强调句型的that(who)及其后面的部分可以省略。作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。Who is making so much noise in t

11、he garden?_ the children.A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are【解析】答案为A。强调句型在具体的语境中的省略，其完整形式应是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。二、倒装句 （一）全部倒装把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。主要有：1.there be 句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作这类句型的谓语。如：There are many students

12、 in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生。Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.很久很久以前，有一位国王，他非常喜欢马。There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.起火的时候，碰巧房间里面没有人。2.Here/There/Nowvi.（常为come, go）主语（必须是名词）此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是喂，注意了。如：Here comes Mary. I can see Mary comin

13、g. 玛丽来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。I can hear the bell ringing.Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。There he comes. 他来了。这种句型不能用现在进行时。here句中也可用系动词。如：Here are some story books I want. Here is what you asked for, or you are looking for. 这就是我要的故事书。（我找了好久）Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了，这就是火车站。Give me some paper

14、. Here you are.给我点纸。 给你。3.then引起谓语为 come，follow的句子。如：Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. 接着是八年抗战。4.out，in，up, down，away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come， go，run，rush，etc。句式为：副词 vi.主语（必须是名词）。如：Out rushed the tiger from among the b

15、ushes. 老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。In came the rose fragrance through the windows. 玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。5.介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语vi.主语（必须是名词）。如：In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。6.表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语系动词主语（必须是名词）。Gone are the days

16、 when the teachers were looked down upon.老师地位低下的年代一去不复返了。On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers. 街道两旁有美丽的花。South of city are two big lakes. 城市的两边有两个大湖。7.直接引语中间或后面，表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）。They must be in the fields now, thought Xiao Lin.他们准是下地了。小林想道。Help! Help! cried the little girl.小姑娘

17、叫道：救命！救命！如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面。Take your seats，gentlemen, Wilson shouted.威尔逊嚷道：先生们坐好。（二）部分倒装只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要有：1.only副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句开头的句子。如：Only then did I realize the importance of English.直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。注

18、意：）在only状语从句主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。）only修饰主语，不倒装。2. 否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装。表示否定的副词never，nor，neither，表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组by no means（决不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until，not only.but also，no sooner.thanhardly.when/scarcely.即否定词助动词/情态动词主语其他。如：Never have I bee

19、n in this city. 我从没到过这座城市。Little/Seldom do I watch TV. 我很少看电视。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。3. 以so开头，用 so助动词/情态动词/系动词主语表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为也，同样，也如此。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用neither/nor助动词/情态动词/系动词主语。Society has changed and so have the people

20、 in it. 社会变了，人也变了。注意：1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为 的确，正是。Tom works hard. 汤姆工作很卖力。So he does and so do you. 的确如此，你也是。2）倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。If you dont go, neither/nor shall I.（If you dont go, I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用

21、：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。She does well in English, but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.她英语学得好，但数学学得差，露茜也是如此。4.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形as主语其他。如：Clever as he is，he doesnt study well.虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。Child as he is， he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。Much as I l

22、ike it，I wont buy it.虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。Try as she might， she failed.虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略5. 在so.that从句中，如果soadj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒装。So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.他讲话声音足够大，以至于每个人都能听得见。6. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should ，were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。If it hadnt been for their hel

23、p, we couldnt have finished the work on time.Hadnt it been for their help, we couldnt have finished the work on time.要不是由于他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那项工作。7. 频度副词及短语often, always, now and then, many a time, every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。Many a time has he come to comfort me.他来安慰了我好多次。Often did he warn them not to d

24、o so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。8. 某些表示祝愿句子也用倒装语序。May you succeed. 祝你成功！Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！三、祈使句 （一）祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！

25、Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。（二）祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。2. Be动词+其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。（三）祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never，一

26、般分为以下四种类型：1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont，构成Dont+行为动词原形+其他成分。Dont say that again! 别再那样说了！2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，构成Dont be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。Dont be careless. 不要粗心。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Dont，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Lets开头的祈使句，必须在Lets后加no

27、t。Dont let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。Lets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用No+名词/V-ing形式结构，表示禁止做某事。NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!（四）祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will y

28、ou；表示邀请、劝说时，用wont you。Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。 Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Lets用shall we外，其他均用will you。Let the boy go first, will yo

29、u? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？Lets take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？（五）祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与wont保持一致。二是意思相反，即Yes是不的意思；No是是的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。Yes, I will. I ha

30、ve to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。四、感叹句 感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。大多数感叹句是由what和how引导，其句型结构为What(或How)+感叹部分+主语+谓语!。也有少量其他形式的感叹句，现一并归纳如下：(1)What 引导的感叹句What用作定语，修饰名词，其引导的感叹句句型结构为：What+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如：What an orphan he is!他是个多么可怜的孤儿啊!What+a (an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如：What a beautiful vo

31、ice she has!她的声音多美啊!What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!如：What kind doctors they are!他们是多好的医生啊!What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如：What good news it is!(2)How引起的感叹句How用作状语，修饰形容词、副词和动词，其引导的感叹句句型结构为：How+形容词+主语+谓语! How clever you are!How+副词+主语+谓语! How well she dances!How +形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如： How good a student he is!How+主语

32、+谓语!如： How the teachers worked!教师们工作多么努力啊!How+many(few)+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语!如： How many books you have read!How much(little)+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如： How little money the coat cost!(3)What+a(an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!句型可转换为How+形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!句型。如：What a clever boy he is! How clever a boy he is!(4)感叹句常将主语和谓语动词省略，

33、以What+名词!或How+形容词!的形式构成。如：What a fine student! What mountains! How wonderful! How brave!(5)其他形式的感叹句有时候，可不用what和how来表示感叹，而用陈述句、疑问句、祈使句，甚至一个词或词组来表示感叹。如：She is such a nice girl!她是一个多好的姑娘啊!(陈述句) Who do you think you are!你算老几!(疑问句) Stop the train! Stop the train!(祈使句) Wonderful!(一个词) Happy New Year!(词组)一

34、、单项选择1. It is only when we get ill _ we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy.A. untilB. whileC. onceD. that2. I cant remember how many days ago _ a war broke out between Russia and Ukraine.A. it was thatB. was it thatC. it was whenD. when was it3. In the middle of the square _ with a

35、 statue of a hero on top of it.A. stands a stoneB. does a stone standC. a stone standsD. a stone does stand4. Was it under the tree _ you were talking to a friend? But when I got back there, the bike was gone.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. while5. How are they getting on with their work?All goes well as

36、_.A. to be plannedB. being plannedC. planningD. planned6. Was it the boys passion for playing the piano in his childhood _ led him to be a music college student?A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when7. It is difficult to command a new skill, but once _, it will benefit you for the rest of your life.A. obtain

37、ingB. obtainedC. to obtainD. is obtained8. Not only _ exercise build up the body, but also it makes us relaxed and refreshes our mind.A. didB. doesC. hadD. has9. In the centre of the garden_a large number of people.A. seatsB. seatC. is seatedD. are seated10. It was only last month_Hamilton broke Shu

38、machers record of 91 career wins.A. whenB. beforeC. thatD. until11. It wasnt until a month later _I received the mangers reply.A. sinceB. whenC. asD. that12. It was for this reason _ he was late.A. thatB. whichC. whyD. for which13. Just in front of our No.9 High School _ with a history of 50 years.A

39、. does a tall tree standB. stands a tall treeC. a tall tree is standingD. a tall tree stands14. Once _ at the shop, you will be fired immediately.A. catching stealingB. caught to stealC. caught stealingD. to catch to steal15. _for the free ticket, I would not have gone to see films so often.A. If it

40、 is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If it has not been16. I didnt feel _ at all when _ myself at the beginning of this school year.A. confident, introducingB. confidently, introducingC. confident, introducedD. confidently, introduced17. It was Tom _ played basketball in the playground yesterda

41、y.A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which18. There is little water in the glass, _？A. isnt itB. is itC. isnt thereD. is there19. While _ in the street, he came across his old friend.A. to walkB. walkingC. walkedD. he walk20. It is for this reason _ most of us would rather love than be loved.A. thatB. whyC. wh

42、ichD. what21. Next door to ours _ an old man, who used to be the headmaster in our school.A. livesB. liveC. are livingD. is lived22. It was what he did not what he said _ amazed me.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. as23. You should watch out for the traffic while _ the road.A. crossB. crossingC. to crossD. c

43、rossed24. The headmaster will neither permit the change in the course, nor _ it a thought.A. does he even giveB. he even givesC. will he even giveD. he will even give25. You should keep silent and be modest unless_to speak.A. permittedB. permittingC. to permitD. having permitted26. The math teacher

44、paused as if_his students to raise some questions on the math problem he had just explained.A. expectingB. expectedC. to expectD. being expected27. There are some seemingly insignificant matters that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A. arent dealt withB. not dealt withC. having dealt

45、 withD. being dealt with28. It was in 2020_ COVID-19 broke out seriously in the world.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. in which29. Only when he was 30 years old_ to learn English.A. did he beginB. he beginsC. he beganD. did he began30. Tom said just now that he would attend the meeting if_._, he will not ke

46、ep his promise.A. invited; Believe it or notB. being invited; Believe it or notC. being invited; Believing it or notD. invited; Believing it or not31. Jenny enjoys food made by her mother, so she seldom, _, eats out .A. if neverB. if anyC. if everD. if not32. Look! From opposite the street _，screami

47、ng in panic.A. comes two kidsB. two kids are comingC. come two kidsD. do two kids come33. Never _so much protest against the pollution.A. has there beenB. there has beenC. has it beenD. it has been34. Although _ very hard, Lily failed _ the work in time.A. to work; to finishB. working; to finishC. t

48、o work; finishingD. working; finishing35. It is in Afghanistan _ people generally live to age 45.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what36. Only after we have learned the table manners well _ know how to _ ourselves at table in a foreign country.A. can we; behaveB. we can; dressC. we will; tellD. must we; sh

49、ow37. If _ promptly and properly, some cancers are highly curable.A. treatedB. being approachedC. aidingD. having been solved38. Only when the English class began _ that he had left his book at home.A. had he realizedB. did he realizeC. he realizedD. was he realized39. Only when he told me the news

50、_ what had happened.A. I knowB. I knewC. did I knewD. did I know40. At the foot of the mountain _ many lakes. Some are large enough to hold several towns.A. liesB. lieC. lyingD. lay二、语法填空1阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history _41_ (explore), which can he

51、lp you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you _42_ (surround) by evidence of four different groups of people _43_ took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great _

52、44_ (achieve) included building towns and roads. Next, the AngloSaxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings _45_ the English language, and _46_ (change) the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, _47_ also the name

53、s of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 1lth century. They had castles _48_ (build) all around England and made changes to the _49_ (legally) system. The Normans were French, so many French words _50_ (

54、slow) entered into the English language.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman scientist _51_ (award) the Nobel Prize. She was born on December 30, 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. In 1955, she graduated from Beijing Medical College and _52_ (begin) working in China

55、Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, where she is now Chief Scientist. At the age of 39, she became the leader of a research team _53_ (aim) to discover a treatment for malaria. Three years later, the team managed to extract Qinghaosu from a Chinese herb, which is very _54_ (effect) in fighting mala

56、ria. In 1986, after about 14 years of efforts, they obtained a New Drug Certificate for Qinghaosu, _55_ was issued by the Ministry of Health of China. Tu had spent decades on scientific research _56_ (attentive) before the inspiring news came in 2015 that Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Physiology

57、or Medicine _57_ discovering a novel therapy against malaria.“The _58_ (discover) of Qinghaosu is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine. It is the collective achievement of the research team. Winning the prize is _59_ honor for Chinas science and traditional Chinese medicine,” TuYouyou

58、 told Xinhua.In 2019, Tu Youyou was nominated for Chinas Medal of the Republic. In my mind, she is really the _60_ (great) person that makes a difference to the world.3As an old saying goes, “Honesty is the best policy”. It is more than an old clich (陈腔滥调), but _61_ good way to live your life.First,

59、 honesty is the _62_(easy) choice that we can make. When people get involved in lies, it always costs them something. Many relationships are destroyed by lies.Second, honesty gives us much _63_(free). Many people believe that being honest limits them in life, but that is not true. Sooner or later th

60、ose dishonest people _64_(pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are honest, we are _65_(true) free.If there were two people _66_(stand) before you, a person with a record of being honest and a person _67_ is known to be dishonest, who would you be more likely _68_(believe)? Im sure m

61、ost people would side with the honest one. Either we live in the truth or we live in lies. Truth sets us free and lies bring _69_ endless troubles. Honesty is a choice that we make each day. The choice is _70_(you). What will you choose?4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确式。The United Kingdom has a long h

62、istory. Everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by _71_ (evident) of four different groups of people taking over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great _72_ (achievement) included building towns and roads. Next,

63、the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century, _73_ introduced the beginnings of the English language. The Vikings came in the eighth century, and left behind lots of new vocabulary. The last group, the Normans were French, so many French words _74_ (slow) entered into the English language and they

64、had castles _75_ (build) all around England.There is so much more to learn about the interesting history _76_ culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more _77_ (enjoy). The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is _78_ ancient port

65、city that has a history _79_ (date) all the way back to Roman times. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modem culture. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised _80_ (find) that you can see both its past and its present.5阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A helper to a composer (作曲家) ma

66、kes the composers work _81_ ( easy ). Composers, especially those who work on music, require lots of additional labor _82_ ( complete ) their job. Most employ (雇用) a small team that works out of their home or professional studio. In this team, the composers helper is the most important member who _8

67、3_ ( do ) whatever is necessary to support the composer.It usually falls to the composers helper to keep the studio running _84_ ( smooth ). This might mean updating audio software, organizing files, etc. Ambitious helpers should expect early mornings, and late nights, especially when a deadline _85

68、_ ( approach )._86_ ( work ) as a composers helper is considered the first step toward a career as a composer. Most helpers _87_ ( treat ) as employees first, with the expectation that they will create _88_ developed team.The position of a helper is fairly unlikely to be advertised _89_ traditional

69、job websites. It might be a matter of creating a position rather than finding one. An excellent composers helper should reach out to an experienced composer _90_ work he appreciates and improve the composer s process.6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Maybe you think protecting the environment is a bi

70、g problem and beyond your ability. _91_ fact, there are many simple ways to do so.Plant more trees. Choose an open area near your house or school. Plant a tree every month, and encourage your friends _92_(join) you. Have more and more trees planted and there will come a day when you have a _93_(gree

71、n) land than before, thanks to your efforts.Save energy. There are so many electrical _94_(device) you must be using daily. Turn off a device when you dont use it and remove the plug from its power supply.Choose to walk short distances instead of taking a car every time. Go walking to school or use

72、_95_ bicycle. And each time you avoid using a car, you are contributing to _96_(reduce) air pollution.Save water. Water is a very important natural resource. Its we _97_ waste it, and pollute it. Turn off the water taps _98_(immediate) after use.Make your action _99_(know) by putting up posters in t

73、he neighborhood, or your school. Organize small activities like planting trees, cleaning an area, and visiting an animal shelter or volunteer for an organization which works towards creating environmental _100_(aware).参考答案一、1. D【解析】考查强调句型。句意：只有当我们生病的时候才开始意识到保持健康的重要性。A. untl直到；B. while在期间；C. once一旦；D

74、. that用于引导各类从句。去掉“It is .”结构框架后句子不缺少主语、谓语、宾语等成分，仍然成立，所以该句是强调句。强调句的句型是“It is/was+被强调部分+that（通用）/who（指人）/whom（强调宾语指人）+其它”，被强调的是状语“only when we get ill”，所以设空处只能是that。故选D项。2. A【解析】考查强调句。句意：我不记得多少天前俄罗斯和乌克兰之间爆发了战争。根据句子结构及句意可知，此处对句子中的时间状语“how many years ago”进行强调。强调句结构为“it is/was +被强调成分”，因remember后为宾语从句，因此对

75、时间状语强调后，语序需调整为陈述语序，还原成正常的语序应该是 it was (how many days ago) that a fight broke out between them。故选A。3. A【解析】考查倒装句型。句意：在广场的中央矗立着一块石头，上面有一个英雄的雕像。分析句子，结合句意可知，此处应用全倒装句型，谓语动词stands放在主语a stone之前，地点状语In the middle of the square位于句首。故选A项。4. A【解析】考查强调句。句意：你是在那棵树下和朋友讲话吗？但当我回到那里时，自行车不见了。分析可知，去掉was it和空处句子依然完整，故此

76、处为强调句的一般疑问句：is/was it+被强调部分+ that（强调人可用who），此处强调的是地点状语，故用that。故选A。5. D【解析】考查方式状语从句的省略。句意：他们的工作进展地怎么样？一切都按计划进行，非常顺利。分析可知，此处为as引导的方式状语从句的省略，完整的句子为as it is planned，从句中的it is通常被省略。故选D。6. B【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：是这个男孩小时候对弹钢琴的热爱让他成为了一名音乐学院的学生吗? A：which哪一个；B：that那个；C：what什么；D：when何时。强调句的结构It is/was +强调成份+that/w

77、ho+其它。结合句意，此处为强调句，强调句子的主语 the boys passion for playing the piano in his childhood，故答案为B。7. B【解析】考查省略。句意：这是个很难掌握的技巧，但一旦被掌握，将对你的余生有好处。此处为once引导的状语从句的省略，完整形式为： once it is obtained，主从句主语一致，省略从句的主语和be。故选B项。8. B【解析】考查倒装。句意：锻炼不仅能强身健体，而且还能使我们放松和恢复精神。当not only置于句首时，主句发生部分倒装，结合but also it makes可知，本句的时态为一般现在时；

78、本句中句子主语 exercise为单数，所以空白处要用助动词does。故选B。9. D【解析】考查seat的用法、全部倒装和主谓一致。句意：花园中央坐着许多人。根据“In the center of the garden”可知，表示方位的介词短语位于句首，句子用全部倒装，而表示“坐着，坐下”时，要用be seated，句子的主语为“a large number of people”，主谓一致，be用are。故选D。10. C【解析】考查强调句。句意：就在上个月，汉密尔顿打破了舒马赫91场职业生涯胜利的记录。分析句子可知，本句为强调句式：it be +强调部分+that+其它部分，此处对时间状语

79、only last month进行强调。故选C项。11. D【解析】考查强调句型。句意：直到一个月后我才收到经理的回复。去掉It wasnt 和空处句子成分仍然完整，因此本句为强调句型：it is/was+被强调部分+that+其余部分，本句强调时间状语。故选D。12. A【解析】考查强调句。句意：就是因为这个原因他迟到了。分析句子结构，把It was和该空去掉，该句结构完整，语意清晰，由此判断该句为强调句，强调句的基本结构是：it is/was + 被强调部分+ that + 句子的其他成分，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，该句强调for this reason，用that，

80、故选A。13. B【解析】考查完全倒装和主谓一致。句意：就在我们第九中学的前面矗立着一棵有50年历史的大树。地点状语in front of our No.9 High School 位于句首，句子应该完全倒装，结构为：谓语+主语+其他；陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语a tall tree是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。14. C【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦你在商店偷东西被当场抓住，你将被立即解雇。catch sb. doing sth.意为“当场抓住某人做某事”，其被动语态为“sb.be caught doing sth.”；在when, while, if,

81、as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词；根据句意可知，句中once引导条件状语从句，原句为 “Once you are caught stealing at the shop”，符合省略条件，可省略主语和be动词you are。故选C项。15. C【解析】考查if引导的非真实条件句和部分倒装。句意：如果不是因为有这张免费票，我就不会去看电影了。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，与过去的事实相反，所以if条件句用过去完成时，且if省略时，则从句用部分倒装

82、，把助动词had提到主语的前面。故选C。16. A【解析】考查形容词和状语从句的省略。句意：这学年开始我介绍自己的时候，我一点都不自信。根据句子结构可知，第一个空要用形容词做表语，表示主语的状态，所以第一个空填confident；第二个空考查“when”引导的时间状语从句的省略：当主从句主语一致，并且从句谓语有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。根据意思可知，introduce这个动作是主句主语“I”主动发出的动作，所以完整的句子应该是“when I was introducing myself at the beginning of this school year.”，省略了从句的

83、主语和be动词之后，就是“when introducing myself at the beginning of this school year.”，所以第二个空填introducing。故选A。17. A【解析】考查强调句型。句意：昨天在操场上打篮球的是汤姆。去掉It was和空处，句子成分仍然完整，因此为强调句型，其结构为：it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分，当强调的主语是人时，that可以替换成who，故选A。18. D【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：杯子里没水了，是吗？反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则，而陈述句中使用了否定词little，简短问句就要用肯定形式，the

84、re be句型的反意疑问部份也用there be形式。故选D。19. B【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当他走在大街上，他偶遇了他的老朋友。当时间、条件、让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词；此处while引导的完整句子为“While he was walking in the street”，句子省略了主语he和be动词，此处应用现在分词。故选B项。20. A【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是由于这个原因，我们大多数人宁愿去爱而不愿被爱。由前面的It is及句意可知，句子是强调句，结构是“it is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”，

85、句中被强调的是for this reason，因此空格处用that，故选A。21. A【解析】考查时态和倒装句。句意：我家隔壁住着一位老人，他曾是我们学校的校长。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为“who”引导的非限制性定语从句，主句部分陈述的是客观事实，我家隔壁住着一位老人，应用一般现在时，表示方位的介词短语“Next door to ours”位于句首，故句子应用全部倒装，将谓语动词提前，“live”意为“居住”，句子主语“man”为可数名词单数，故应用“live”的三单形式“lives”。故选A项。22. C【解析】考查强调句型。句意：使我吃惊的是他所做的而不是他所说的。强调句型：It is

86、/was +强调部分+that+ 其他，其中如果强调部分指人，也可用who来代替that。此处强调句子的主语，应用that。故选C。23. B【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：过马路时要注意交通。当状语从句的主语和句子主语一致，同时状语从句中使用了be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。分析可知，此处使用了状语从句的省略，其完整的句子为：while you are crossing the road，结合选项，选项B符合题意，故选B。24. C【解析】考查倒装。句意：校长既不允许改变课程，甚至连想都不会想。否定词nor位于句首，句子要用部分倒装。结合语境和“The headmaster wil

87、l neither permit the change in the course”可知，此处应用情态动词will表示意愿，部分倒装时将其提到主语之前。故选C。25. A【解析】考查省略句。句意：除非允许你说话，否则你应该保持沉默和谦虚。在unless引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，从句完整形式为unless you are permitted to speak，相当于省略了you are。故选A。26. A【解析】考查省略句。句意：数学老师停顿了一下，好像希望他的学生就他刚刚解释的数学问题提出问题。在as if引导的状语从句中

88、，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，从句完整形式为“as if he was expecting his students to raise some questions on the math problem he had just explained. ”，相当于省略了he was。故选A。27. B【解析】考查时态，语态和省略。句意：有些看似微不足道的事情，如果不及时处理，就会变成大问题。when引导的是时间状语从句，空格处意为“那些事情不及时处理”，由前面的are可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语matters是复数，用they指代，且matte

89、rs是被处理，因此空格处用一般现在时的被动语态，为they are not dealt with，时间状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，即省略they are，因此空格处是not dealt with，故选B。28. B【解析】考查强调句型。句意：在2020年，冠状病毒疾病在世界范围内爆发。分析可知，本句使用了强调句型。句型为：It be + 被强调部分+ that+其它。本句型的特点为去掉it be及that后，句子仍为完整句式。本句中去除it 被及空白处之后，句子为：In 2020，COVID-19 broke out seriously in

90、 the world.句式成分齐全，意义完整。使用句子使用了强调句型，故选B。29. A【解析】考查倒装句和时态。句意：当他30岁时，他才开始学英语。Only+时间状语从句，放在句首时，后面主句要部分倒装。根据“was”可知，部分倒装的句子为一般过去时。故选A项。30. A【解析】考查状语从句的省略及固定结构。句意：汤姆刚才说如果被邀请他就去参加会议。信不信由你，他不会遵守诺言的。固定短语：believe it or not，意为“信不信由你”；第一句中使用了if条件状语的省略，其完整句子为：Tom said just now that he would attend the meeting

91、if he was invited，当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，同时从句使用了be动词，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，所以此处省略了he was，结合选项，选项A符合题意，故选A。31. C【解析】考查省略句。句意：玛丽喜欢家里的食物,如果曾经出去吃过,也是很少。A. if never如果从不；B. if any如果有的话；C. if ever如果曾经有过；D. if not如果不。if ever=if she has ever eaten out。符合句意。故选C项。32. C【解析】考查倒装句。句意：看! 街对面来了两个孩子，惊恐地尖叫着。根据空前From opposite the

92、 street可知，强调介词短语，并将其提前时，句子应使用全部倒装。由于主语two kids为可数名词复数，其后谓语动词用原形。故选C项。33. A【解析】考查倒装。句意：从未有过如此之多对于污染的抗议。分析句子可知，该句以否定词Never开头，要求部分倒装，即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词，情态动词等）放在主语前，原句正常语序显然是there be句型，结合选项可知使用了现在完成时，符合there has been，则应把助动词has放在主语前。故选A项。34. B【解析】考查省略和短语。句意：虽然工作很努力，莉莉还是没有及时完成工作。although引导让步状语从句，从句的主语和主句的主语一致

93、，并且含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。如果主语和动词之间构成主动，则用v-ing；如果主语和动词之间构成被动，则用过去分词。fail to do sth.未能做某事。故选B。35. A【解析】考查强调句型。句意：在阿富汗，人们通常活到45岁。分析句子结构可知，此句考查强调句型it is +被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分，此句强调的是in Afghanistan，所以空格处应填that。故选A。36. A【解析】考查倒装和固定搭配。句意：只有我们很好的了解了餐桌礼仪之后我们才知道在外国吃饭时怎么做才能举止得体。only+状语从句放句首时主句部分倒装，所以第一空应填can

94、we；behave oneself表示“举止得体”，所以第二空应填behave。故选A。37. A【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果及时恰当地治疗，有些癌症的治愈率很高。在状语从句中，从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句中用了be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。分析可知，逗号前的内容为条件状语从句的省略，其完整句式为：If some cancers are treated promptly，从句的主语和主句主语一致，也用了be动词，所以此处省略了some cancers are，结合选项，选项A符合题意，故选A。38. B【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：直到英语课开始时，他才意识到他把书忘在家

95、里了。“only+状语”位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。结合语境可知此处描述的是过去的动作，所以用过去时态，助动词用did。故选B。39. D【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：只有当他告诉我这个消息时，我才知道发生了什么事。分析可知“only+状语从句”位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，结合上文told可知为一般过去时，助动词应用did。故选D。40. B【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：山脚下有许多湖泊。有些大到足以容纳几个城镇。根据句意可知，此处描述客观事实，为一般现在时；空格所在句为全倒装句型，主语many lakes为名词复数，主谓一致，谓语动词用原形。故选B项。二、141. to explore42.

96、will be surrounded43. who44. achievements45. of46. changed47. and48. built49. legal50. slowly【解析】这是一篇说明文。英国有着悠久而有趣的历史，文章介绍了影响英国历史的四个不同历史时期的统治者留下的文化。41. 考查动词不定式。句意：英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可以探索，这可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和传统。根据“has a long and interesting history”可知，要用动词的不定式做后置定语，修饰history。故填to explore。42. 考查时态和语态。句意：在英国，无论你走

97、到哪里，你都会发现历史上有四组不同的人在不同的时期接管了英国。根据语境可知，句子表示“在英国，无论你走到哪里，你都会发现历史上有四组不同的人在不同的时期接管了英国”，句子是主将从现，空格处所在句子是一般将来时，由by可知，句子用被动语态，因此空格处是一般将来时的被动语态，即will be surrounded，故填will be surrounded。43. 考查定语从句。句意：在英国，无论你走到哪里，你都会发现历史上有四组不同的人在不同的时期接管了英国。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词people是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。44. 考查名词复

98、数。句意：他们的一些伟大成就包括修建城镇和道路。great修饰名词，achieve的名词是achievement，some of后接名词的复数，因此用achievements，译为“成就”。故填achievements。45. 考查介词。句意：他们开创了英语的先河，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。“the beginnings”和“the English language”是所属关系，因此空格处用表示所属的介词of，故填of。46. 考查时态。句意：他们开创了英语的先河，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。and连接并列谓语，时态保持一致，根据前面的introduced可知，时态是一般过去时，要用动词的过去式

99、。故填changed。47. 考查连词。句意：维京人在八世纪到来，留下了很多新词汇，也留下了英国许多地方的名字。“new vocabulary”和“the names of many locations”是并列的，因此空格处用表示并列的连词and，故填and。48. 考查过去分词。句意：他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。have sth. done是固定短语，意为“使某物被”，因此空格处是过去分词built，故填built。49. 考查形容词。句意：他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。此处要用形容词修名词system，且根据句意可知，译为“合法的、法律的”符合

100、题意，作定语。因此用legal。故填legal。50. 考查副词。句意：诺曼人是法国人，所以很多法语单词慢慢地进入了英语。修饰动词entered应用副词slowly，意为“慢慢地”，故填slowly。251. to be awarded52. began53. aiming54. effective55. which56. attentively57. for58. discovery59. an60. greatest【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家屠呦呦。51. 考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。the first (thin

101、g) to do是固定用法，动词award和前文所修饰的名词短语the first Chinese woman scientist之间是被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动式，作后置定语。故填to be awarded。52. 考查时态。句意：1955年，她从北京医学院毕业，开始在中国医学科学院工作，现在是该院的首席科学家。根据时间状语In 1955和前文graduated可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填began。53. 考查非谓语动词。句意：39岁时，她成为了一个研究团队的领导者，该团队旨在发现疟疾的治疗方法。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词aim和主语之间是主动关

102、系，此处应用其现在分词作状语。故填aiming。54. 考查形容词。句意：三年后，研究小组成功地从一种中草药中提取出了青蒿素，这种草药对抗击疟疾非常有效。根据前文系动词is可知，此处应用形容词作表语。故填effective。55. 考查定语从句。句意：1986年，经过大约14年的努力，他们获得了中国卫生部颁发的青蒿素新药证书。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a New Drug Certificate for Qinghaosu，在从句中作主语，指事物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。56. 考查副词。句意：屠用了几十年时间专注于科学研究，直到2015年，屠呦呦因为发现

103、了一种新的疟疾治疗方法而获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。修饰动词spent，应用副词。故填attentively。57. 考查介词。句意：屠呦呦在科学研究上花了几十年的时间，直到2015年，屠呦呦因为发现了一种新的疟疾治疗方法而获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。根据句意可知，此处应用介词for，表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。故填for。58. 考查名词。句意：青蒿素的发现是中医药给人类的礼物。根据前文定冠词The可知，此处应用名词discovery作主语，根据句意，应用单数形式。故填discovery。59. 考查冠词。句意：获奖是对中国科学和中医的荣誉。后文可数名词honor为泛指概念，应用不定冠词限

104、定，其发音以元音音素开头，故填an。60. 考查形容词最高级。句意：在我看来，她真的是改变世界的最伟大的人。根据句意可知，此处应用great的最高级，表示“最伟大的人”。故填greatest。361. a62. easiest63. freedom64. will pay65. truly66. standing67. who/that68. to believe69. about70. yours【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了“诚实”这个话题。诚实让人感到自由，谎言让人陷入无穷尽的烦恼中。61. 考查冠词。句意：这不仅仅是老生常谈，而是一种生活的好方式。后文可数名词way是泛指概念，应用

105、不定冠词限定，又因good发音以辅音音素开头，所以因有不定冠词a限定。故填a。62. 考查形容词最高级。句意：首先，诚实是我们最容易做出的选择。根据句意和前文定冠词the可知，此处应用形容词easy的最高级作定语修饰名词choice，表示“最容易的选择”。故填easiest。63. 考查名词。句意：其次，诚实给了我们很多自由。gives sb. sth.为常用搭配，跟双宾语，结合限定词much可知，应使用不可数名词freedom作直接宾语。故填freedom。64. 考查动词时态。句意：这些不诚实的人迟早会为他们的行为付出代价；相反，当我们诚实时，我们就真正自由了。提示词谓语动词，根据句意和时

106、间状语Sooner or later可知，此处应用一般将来时。故填will pay。65. 考查副词。句意：这些不诚实的人迟早会为他们的行为付出代价；相反，当我们诚实时，我们就真正自由了。修饰形容词free应用副词。故填truly。66. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果有两个人站在你面前，一个是有诚实记录的人，另一个是已知不诚实的人，你会更相信谁？分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词stand和名词people之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作后置定语。故填standing。67. 考查定语从句。句意：如果有两个人站在你面前，一个是有诚实记录的人，另一个是已知不诚实的人，你会更相信谁？分析句子可知，此处引导

107、限制性定语从句，先行词为person，指人，在从句中作主语，应关系代词who或that引导从句。故填who/that。68. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果有两个人站在你面前，一个是有诚实记录的人，另一个是已知不诚实的人，你会更相信谁？be likely to do sth“可能做某事”为固定结构。故填to believe。69. 考查介词。句意：真理让我们自由，谎言带来无尽的麻烦。bring about“引发，带来”为固定搭配。故填about。70. 考查代词。句意：选择权在你。根据句意可知，此处表达“这个选择是你自己的选择”，故用you的名词性物主代词yours作表语。故填yours。471.

108、 evidence72. achievements73. who74. slowly75. built76. and77. enjoyable78. an79. dating80. to find【解析】这是一篇说明文。英国有着悠久而有趣的历史。文章介绍了影响英国历史的四个不同历史时期的统治者留下的文化。71. 考查名词。句意：在英国，无论你走到哪里，你都能看到四个不同群体的人在历史上不同时期掌权的证据。空处应填名词作宾语，evidence“证据”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填evidence。72. 考查名词的数。句意：他们的一些伟大成就包括建造城镇和道路。achievement“成就”是

109、可数名词，some of后用其复数形式。故填achievements。73. 考查定语从句。句意：接下来，盎格鲁-撒克逊人在五世纪到来，他们引入了英语的起源。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指人的先行词the Anglo-Saxons在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。74. 考查副词。句意：最后一群诺曼人是法国人，所以很多法语单词慢慢地进入了英语，他们在英国各地修建了城堡。修饰动词entered应用副词。故填slowly。75. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处作宾补，应用非谓语动词，build和逻辑主语castles之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填built。76. 考查连词。句

110、意：关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有很多要学习的。结合句意可知，interesting history和culture of the United Kingdom并列作learn about的宾语，应用and连接。故填and。77. 考查形容词。句意：学习这个国家的历史会使你的旅行更愉快。根据“make+宾语+宾补”和句意可知，空处应填应形容词作宾语补足语，enjoyable“令人愉快的，有趣的”符合题意。故填enjoyable。78. 考查冠词。句意：因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。city“城市”是可数名词，此处是泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，又因ancient的发音是元音音

111、素开头，应用an修饰。故填an。79. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处作后置定语，应用非谓语动词形式，date back to和history之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填dating。80. 考查不定式。句意：如果你睁大眼睛，你会惊讶地发现你可以看到它的过去和现在。be surprised to do sth.“惊讶地做某事”，是固定短语。故填to find。581. easier82. to complete83. does84. smoothly85. is approaching86. Working87. are treated88. a89. on90. whose【解析】本文

112、是说明文。讲述了作曲家的助手的工作意义。81. 考查形容词比较级。句意：作曲家的助手使作曲家的工作更容易。根据句意可知，作曲家的助手对作曲家的帮助是让作曲家工作更容易。用比较级。故填easier。82. 考查非谓语动词。句意：作曲家，特别是那些从事音乐工作的人，需要很多额外的劳动完成他们的工作。require sb/sth to do sth。故填to complete。83. 考查主谓一致。句意：在这个团队中，作曲家的助手是最重要的成员，他做任何必要的事情来支持作曲家。who指代先行词 member ，在定语从句中做主语，主语是单数，谓语动词也用单数。故填does。84. 考查副词。句意：通

113、常是作曲家的助手来维持工作室的正常运转。副词修饰动词运转。故填smoothly。85. 考查动词时态。句意：有抱负的助手应该早做准备，晚做准备，尤其是在截止日期即将到来的时候。when引导时间状语从句，缺少谓语动词，用现在进行时表示将来。故填is approaching。86. 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为作曲家的助手被认为是迈向作曲家事业的第一步。动名词做主语。故填Working。87. 考查动词时态语态。句意：大多数助手首先把自己当成员工，期望他们能创建一个成熟的团队。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，主语Most helpers 和谓语“看做”是被动关系，描述事实用一般现在时，故用一般现在时的

114、被动语态。故填are treated。88. 考查冠词。句意：大多数帮助者首先把自己当成员工，期望他们能创建一个成熟的团队。团队是可数名词单数，前面用不定冠词，表示“一个”，故填a。89. 考查介词。句意：在传统的求职网站上，助手的职位是不太可能出现在传统广告网站上的。表示在.网站上用介词on。故填on。90. 考查定语从句。句意：优秀作曲家的助手应该接触到他欣赏的有经验的作曲家的作品，并改进作曲家的创作过程。composer是先行词，在定语从句中做定语，用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。691. In92. to join93. greener94. devices95. a96.

115、reducing97. that/who98. immediately99. known100. awareness【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要给学生介绍了保护环境的方法。91. 考查介词。句意：事实上，有许多简单的方法可以做到这一点。结合句意表达“事实上”用in fact。故填In。92. 考查不定式。句意：每个月种一棵树，并且鼓励你的朋友们和你一起。表达“鼓励某人做某事”用encourage sb. to do sth.，不定式作宾补。故填to join。93. 考查形容词比较级。句意：多亏了你的努力，种下越来越多的树，总有一天你的土地会比以前更绿。结合介词than可知，此出应用gre

116、en的比较级形式作定语。故填greener。94. 考查名词的数。句意：你每天必须要用很多电器。device“设备”可数名词，被many修饰应用其复数形式。故填devices。95. 考查冠词。句意：走路或骑自行车去上学。bicycle“自行车”是可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，bicycle的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。96. 考查动名词。句意：每一次你不开车，都是在减少空气污染。contribute to“有助于”中的to是介词，其后用reduce的动名词形式作宾语。故填reducing。97. 考查强调句。句意：正是我们浪费和污染了它。去掉Its和设空处句子依然完整，故此

117、处为强调句型：it is/was+强调部分+that（强调人可用who）+其他，本句强调主语we，可用that和who。故填that/who。98. 考查副词。句意：使用之后立即关闭水龙头。修饰动词短语turn off应用副词。故填immediately。99. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在附近或学校张贴海报，让大家知道你的行动。空处作宾补，应用非谓语动词，know和逻辑主语your action之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填known。100. 考查名词。句意：组织一些小的活动，比如种树，清理一个区域，参观动物收容所或为一个致力于提高环境意识的组织做志愿者。空处作宾语，应用所给词的名词形式，awareness“意识”符合题意，不可数名词。故填awareness。