Unit 2 语法学案—现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 【新教材】牛津译林版（2020）高中英语必修第二册.docx

1、现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态一语态的基本概念和种类1. 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语的关系。英语的动词可分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转化。She typed a letter. (主动，主语She是type动作的执行者)A letter was typed by her. （被动，主语A letter是typed动作的承受者）2. 被动语态的概述被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。不

2、同时态的被动形式：一般进行完成现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done将来 shall/will be done过去将来 should/would be done 二：被动语态的构成：被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。主动语态变被动语态的原则：三变：主语变为by短语，宾语变为主语，谓语由主动变为被动；三不变：原句意思不变，原句时态不变，原句主谓宾以外的成分不变。

3、三：使用被动语态的情况(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 四：主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 一）方法 :将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。 Li Lei planted the tree la

4、st year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。 Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。 二）注意事项1) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday.注意：表示“使、让”的动词mak

5、e, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。 I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office. 2) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一

6、般采用后一种用法。 He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 3) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。She has never been operated on before. 4) 动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do 变成to be done5）动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式

7、。如：He was said to get hurt in the car accident. It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 巩固练习：把下列主动语态改为被动语态1 We often use a recorder in our English class.2 They will show a new film next week.3 When did they build the house?4 I saw the boy enter the room.5 Will they show a new film next wee

8、k?6 Have they posted the letter yet?7 We often see him help his classmate.8 You must turn off the light before you go to be.d9 Who is repairing the bike?10 The student should learn all the texts by heart.五、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构当把现在进行时的主动语态的句子变为被动语态时，往往在be动词后加上一个being来体现现在进行时，然后再把动词的现在分词形式变成过去分词来表示被动，即：be

9、(am/is/are)beingdone。肯定结构be(am/is/are) being done否定结构be(am/is/are)+ not + being done一般疑问结构be(am/is/are)+主语+ being done特殊疑问结构特殊疑问词+ be(am/is/are)+主语+ being done考点一 现在进行时的被动语态的基本用法：1. 表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，常与now, look等词连用。2. 表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，这一被动动作在此时不一定正在发生。3. 表示按计划、安排主语将要承受某个动作。4. 表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与a

10、lways, forever, continually, constantly等词连用，往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦及埋怨等感情色彩。考点二 现在进行时的被动语态的注意事项：1)有些动词的进行时的主动语态表示被动含义。如:The books are printing. 这些书正在印刷中。2)有些表示感觉的动词(如feel, taste, smell等),用一般现在时表示被动含义;用现在进行时表示主动含义。如:The material feels soft. 这块布料质地柔软。I am feeling the material. 我在抚摸这块布料。实战演习1. Scientists will pro

11、duce plastic materials from beans, but right now the new product_ in the lab.Ais being developedBhas been developedCis developingDhas developed2. Wine is the worlds favorite drink enjoyed on almost every occasion where great times_ with friends. Aare being sharedBis sharedCsharesDshare3Please dont e

12、nter the room, because it is . Ahas been painted Bis being painted Cis painted Dwill be painted4What are you going to do this weekend? Im going to an exhibition of photographs which _ these days. Awill be held Bis holding Cwill hold Dis being held5We have to hold the meeting in the small hall becaus

13、e the meeting room where we planned to hold the meeting _. Ais being decorated Bis decorating Cwill be decorated Dwill decorate6Our supplies _, so we must get enough of them before none is left. Ahave run out Bhave been run out Care running out of Dare being used up六、现在完成时的被动语态的构成1.现在完成时的被动语态的结构为has

14、/have been done, 使用has been done时主语为单数，使用have been done时主语为复数。This book has been translated into many languages. His bikes have been sold out.2.现在完成时的被动语态的含义现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作，它有两层意思：(1)动作已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。(2)主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系。Our classroom has been cleaned: you neednt clean it now.我们的教室已经打扫过，现在你

15、没必要再打扫了。3. 现在完成时的被动语态的用法(1)用于不知道动作的执行者是谁时。His bike has been stolen. (不清楚是谁偷的)(2)用于动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。Not a book in the library has been taken away.(3)用于可以说出动作的执行者，但动作的承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。My watch has been repaired. (表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好的无关紧要，不必提及)(4)用于动作的执行者不是人时。 The house has been washed away by the storm.4.现

16、在完成时的被动语态的各种句式His homework hasnt been finished. 否定Has this bridge been finished?一般疑问Why has he been praised by his teacher?特殊疑问实战演习1.-Flight 302 to London_ until 7:30 tomorrow morning. -No wonder I hear so many complaints from the passengers. A. has been delayed B. delay C. delayed D. will be delaye

17、d2.The window is dirty. I know. It _ forweeks.A. hasnt clean B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned3.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _before leaving their hometowns.A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised4.Mil

18、lions of pounds worth of damage_ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A. has been caused B. had been causedC. will be caused D. will have been caused5.We want to sit at the table near the window. -Im sorry, but it _already. A. has taken B. took C. was taken D. has been taken

19、6.Great changes _in my home town and a lot of factories_. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. had taken place; will be set up综合练习1)Looking at the beef (cook) on the stove, the mother pictured the whole family having

20、meals together.2)In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility (consider) or has been put in place as an incentive for reducing waste.3)And it is not just robins that(keep) awake by artificial light.4)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area (run out).We must act immediately befo

21、re theres none left.5)The new generation of computers, with artificial intelligence,(develop) and perfected now.6)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house(rebuild).7)It is believed that a new kind of drug (develop) by the scientists and they are hopeful that they wil

22、l succeed in a couple of months.8)A new hospital (build) here. We hope that it can be finished next month.9)Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine (test).10)I dont know what (do) by the children in the room now.1.Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before t

23、he Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted2. It was reported that the murderer _ arrested. A. has been B. had been C. has D. had3. -Have you moved into the new house? - Not yet, the rooms _. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted

24、 D. being painted4. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital. A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding C. doesnt decide D. hasnt decided5.The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C.is restoring D.is being restored

25、6.Youve failed to do what you to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected7.- “How about the dishes, Dear？” -“The beef didnt taste very good. It _ too long.” A. cookedB. had been cooked C. was cooked D. had cooked8. The police found tha

26、t the house _ and a lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen参考答案：五 实战演习：AABDAD六 实战演习： ADDADB综合练习1) being cooked 2) is being considered 3) are being kept 4) are running out 5) are being developed6) is being built 7) is being developed 8) is being built 9)is being tested 10) is being done1-8 DBAAD DBD