Unit 4-1 Reading and Thinking -【帮课堂】2021-2022学年高一英语同步精品讲义（人教版2019必修第一册）.docx

1、Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 1.1 Reading and Thinking重点单词1_dIzst(r)n 灾难；灾害2_slaIdvi& vt (使)滑行；滑动3_fldn 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没4_reskjun& vt 营救；救援5_dmIdvt 损害；破坏 n 损坏；损失6_dIstrIvt 摧毁；毁灭7_fektvt 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动8_elt(r)n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)9_ruInn& vt 破坏；毁坏10_IlektrIstin 电；电能11_trpvt 使落入险境

2、；使陷入圈套 n 险境；陷阱12_berivt 埋葬；安葬13_eftn 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力14_wIzdmn 智慧；才智词性转换1. death n死；死亡_ adj无生命的2. shock n震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt(使)震惊_ adj令人震惊的_ adj感到震惊的3. breathe vi& vt呼吸_ n呼吸4. revive vt& vi复活；(使)苏醒_ n振兴；复苏5. unify vi& vt统一；(使)成一体_ vi& vt团结6. suffer vt遭受；蒙受 vi(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦_ n折磨；苦难目标短语1. _ 自然灾害2. _ 空难3. _（使）滑

3、入; 溜进4. _ 大量的5. _从中营救某人/某物6. _对引起损害7. _对造成损害8. _ 动物收容处9. _保护免受10. _躲避（风、雨或危险）11. _似乎；好像；仿佛12. _严重受损；破败不堪13. _ 震惊；吃惊14. _被困在中15. _诱使某人（做）某事16. _屏住气17. out of breath _18. make an effort _19. suffer from _20. supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb_21. in the open air _22. survive from sth_23. nuclear/wi

4、nd/solar power _24. power cut/failure_25. first aid _重点语法定语从句（一） 关系代词的用法【答案】重点单词1disasterdIzst(r)n 灾难；灾害2slideslaIdvi& vt (使)滑行；滑动3floodfldn 洪水；大量 vi 淹没；大量涌入 vt 使灌满水；淹没4rescuereskjun& vt 营救；救援5damagedmIdvt 损害；破坏 n 损坏；损失6destroydIstrIvt 摧毁；毁灭7affectfektvt 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动8shelterelt(r)n 避难处；居所；庇护 vt 保护

5、；掩蔽 vi 躲避(风雨或危险)9ruinruInn& vt 破坏；毁坏10electricityIlektrIstin 电；电能11traptrpvt 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n 险境；陷阱12buryberivt 埋葬；安葬13efforteftn 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力14wisdomwIzdmn 智慧；才智词性转换1.death n死；死亡dead adj无生命的2.shock n震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt(使)震惊shocking adj令人震惊的shocked adj感到震惊的3. breathe vi& vt呼吸breath n呼吸4. revive vt& vi复活；(使)

6、苏醒revival n振兴；复苏5. unify vi& vt统一；(使)成一体unite vi& vt团结6. suffer vt遭受；蒙受 vi(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦suffering n折磨；苦难目标短语 1. natural disasters 自然灾害2. an air disaster 空难3. slide into（使）滑入; 溜进4. a flood of 大量的5. rescue sb./ sth. from从中营救某人/某物6. cause damage to sb/sth对引起损害7. do damage to sb/sth对造成损害8. an animal she

7、lter 动物收容处9. shelter sb/sth from sb/sth保护免受10. shelter from sth躲避（风、雨或危险）11. .as if 似乎；好像；仿佛12. in ruins严重受损；破败不堪13. in shock 震惊；吃惊14. be trapped in被困在中15. trap sb into（doing）sth诱使某人（做）某事16. hold ones breath 屏住气17. out of breath 上气不接下气18. make an effort 作出努力19. suffer from 因而痛苦；患有（疾病等）20. supply sb

8、with sth = supply sth to sb向某人提供某物21. .in the open air 露天；在户外22. survive from sth从中幸存下来23. nuclear/wind/solar power 核 / 风 / 太阳能24. power cut/failure断电/停电25. first aid 急救 1. rescuen& vt援救；营救 rescuer /reskju:(r)/ n. 救援者；救助者(教材P48)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the floodhit area?救援人员

9、和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么？【拓展】come to/go to sb.s rescuerescue sb.援救某人rescue.from. 把从营救出来【例句】They were rescued by helicopter. 他们被直升机救走了。When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。练习单句语法填空At midnight we finally _(rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valleyThe fir

10、efighters rescued five children _ the burning house yesterday【答案】 rescued from2. strike vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击(教材P54)The undersea quake struck around 7:00. 海底地震发生在7点左右。 【例句】The ship struck a rock. 船触礁了。 They went on strike for more money. 他们为了得到更多的钱而罢工。3. deliver/ dl

11、v(r) / vt. & vi.递送；传达 vt. 发表 vt. 接生；生(小孩) ; be delivered of a baby 分娩(教材P54)However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 然而，危险的状况和被毁坏的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。 【例句】 The president will deliver a speech about the economic development. 总统将就经济发展发表讲话。 She w

12、as delivered of a healthy boy. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。4. affectvt影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 effect n作用；影响(佳句背诵)As far as Im concerned, following others advice without thinking will affect our own decision在我看来，不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们自己的决定。【拓展】affect sb/sth影响某人/某事be deeply affected by 被深深打动have an effect on 对产生影响【例句】The disease i

13、s beginning to affect his eyesight. 疾病开始侵袭他的视力。The illness has affected both her mental and physical health. 这种疾病损害了她的身心健康。练习单句语法填空As we all know, smoking has a bad effect _ our health.As far as Im concerned, staying up late every day is certain_(affect) your health seriously._(affect) by the moving

14、 story, he burst into tears.【答案】 on to affect Affected5. aid / ed / n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助 【拓展】with the aid of 在的帮助下first aid 急救economic /emergency aid 经济 / 紧急援助【例句】 He succeeded with the aid of a new method he discovered. 借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。To aid the poor farmers, the government p

15、rovided them with a lot of money.为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。6. effortn努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(教材P50)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下，一个新唐山在废墟上建立了。【拓展】spare no effort to do sth不遗余力做某事make an effort

16、 to do sth努力做某事【例句】I do believe that all your efforts will pay off sooner or later我的确相信你的努力迟早会有所回报。You should put more effort into your work. 你应该更加努力地工作。练习单句语法填空If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance，I will spare no effort _(finish) the task.As far as Im concerned, you should make a gre

17、ater effort _(study) hard.【答案】 to finish to study 7. shockn震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt(使)震惊 shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的(教材P50)People were in shockand then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again人们都很震惊然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。【拓展】be a shock to. 使吃惊be shocked at/by 对吃惊be shocked to do sth.做某事很吃惊【例句】

18、 The little boy was speechless with shock. 那小男孩惊得说不出话来。The news of his death shocked all of us. 他死亡的消息我们所有的人都感到震惊。练习单句语法填空The news of his sudden death is so _ that everyone is very much _ at it. (shock)The news _(shock) the public, leading to great concern about students safety at school.We are _(sh

19、ock) that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.【答案】 shocking; shocked shocked shocked8. suffervt遭受；蒙受 vi(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 suffering n. 苦难，痛苦(教材P51)What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need?你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？【拓展】suffer from患病；因而受苦suffer from cold and hunge

20、r忍饥挨冻suffer losses/pains遭受损失/痛苦【例句】As far as I know, he has ever suffered from a serious illness据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。练习单句语法填空Death finally brought an end to her _(suffer).The company _ (遭受巨大损失)as a result of the accident.Even if he suffered _a lot of difficulties，he never gave in【答案】 suffering suffered a

21、great loss from9. damage / dmd / vt. 损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失 (教材P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seoul？ 首尔哪些建筑物受损？ 【拓展】cause damage to sb/sth 对引起损害do damage to sb/sth 对造成损害【例句】The storm didnt do much damage to crops. 暴风雨并未对庄稼造成严重损失。Smoking seriously damages your health. 吸烟严重损害健康。10. crack /krk/ n.裂纹 ；裂缝 vi

22、. & vt. (使 ）破裂 (教材P50)There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。 【例句】This cup has a crack in it. 这杯子有一道裂痕。The ice cracked as I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。11.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛(教材P50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！世界似乎要到末日！ 【例句】She stood at the gate as if she was

23、waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。【拓展】as if的用法：(同as though)as if 后面即可以接陈述语气也可以接虚拟语气,如果后面接的并非真实情况,则要用虚拟语气，时态变化形式如下：和现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时（be动词用were）。和过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。和将来事实相反，从句用would/ could+ do。Some people like to talk about film stars personal life as if they were close friends.一些人喜欢谈论影星的私生活，好像他们是亲密朋友。She l

24、oves the boy as if she were his mother她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?打破窗子的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的。12.breathe / bri: / vi.& vt.呼吸 breath /bre/ n. 气息；呼吸；一口气(教材P50)Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。 【拓展】 hold ones b

25、reath 屏住气out of breath 上气不接下气【例句】Its good for the health to breathe deeply. 做深呼吸对身体有益。She took a deep breath. 她做了一次深呼吸。13. survive / svav/ vt. 幸存；艰难度过; vi.生存；存活 survival /svavl/ 存活；幸存(教材P52) Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake 她正在喂养地震中幸存的婴儿。 【拓展】survive from sth 从中幸存下来survive on sth 依靠

26、生存【例句】Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived. 因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.I think life is a struggle for survival. 我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。14.ruin /ru:n/ n. 破坏；毁坏；废墟（多用复数）；in ruins严重受损；破败不堪Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing

27、but ruins.幸存者无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。（P50）The house has fallen into ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟。In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.在不到一分钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。（P50） vt. 破坏；毁坏 The crops were ruined by the heavy rain. 农作物被大雨全毁了。15.trap /trp/ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 ; be trapped in被困在中; trap sb into（doing）sth诱使某人（做）某

28、事Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。（P50）Some of the workers were trapped in the ruins. 有些工人被困在废墟中。n. 险境；陷阱A fox was caught in a trap. 一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。16. bury / beri / vt. 埋葬；安葬I wa

29、s looking for my handbag, which was buried under a pile of old newspapers. 我正在找被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。bury ones head / oneself in = be buried in 专心致志于My father buried his head / himself in his newspaper. = My father was buried in his newspaper. 我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。17.supply / spla / n.供应（量）；补给；pl. 补给品 The supplie

30、s which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集的。（P52）Our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了。vt. 供应；供给supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 向某人提供某物Russia supplies the European countries with natural gas. = Russia supplies natural gas to the Europ

31、ean countries.俄罗斯向欧盟国家输送天然气。一、单词拼写1She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great_ (努力)2I have dreams of this place and wonder what it would be like to _ (呼吸) this air.3Latest reports say that mudslides _ (埋) entire villages.4The number of families seeking shelters rose by 17 _ (百分比).5Dont leav

32、e the lights on.It wastes _ (电).6I wondered if it was an animal caught in a _ (陷阱).7A great number of people _ (遭受) a great deal in the earthquake.8In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought back to life after_ (死亡).9A great deal of money has been collected to help those suffering

33、from the _ (洪水).10Too much drinking will do_ (伤害) to your health; you should take the doctors advice.11All the listeners were greatly _ (震惊的) when they heard the terrible news on radio.12His parents and his little brother lost their lives in the _ (灾难).二、单句语法填空1They treat me as if I _(be) a stranger

34、2He _ (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.3It was a _story, and we all got _. (shock)4_ (bury) himself in the newspaper, he didnt notice what was happening.5Years of fighting have left the city in _ (ruin); it would take a lot of money to rebuild it.6A number of teachers _present today, the

35、number of whom _300. (be)7We have to wait until the discussion between them comes _an end.8These old people have experienced all kinds of _ (suffer) in their difficult times9It rained for two weeks on end, completely _(ruin) our holiday10Around 540 million people _(affect) by secondhand smoke, which

36、 causes 100，000 deaths per year11The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely_(destroy)12When it was my turn to express my opinion, I was_ nervous to say a word三、选词填空 1After the exam, all the lessons in school also _.2It was reported that an American couple

37、had_ a lot of gold coins from their own yard.3She _thought, so she didnt notice the water was boiling.4Why dont you play football _ just looking on?5The city lay _ after the earthquake. Now, rows of houses are being built.6They _ the burning building. Please call the fire department right away.四、完成句

38、子1_he knew everything that happened last night.他好像知道昨晚发生的一切。2If that were true, both companies would _.如果那是真的，双方公司都将蒙受巨大的损失。3Although the lady looks elegant, actually she _.尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。4He _ when I came in.我进来的时候他正在专心致志地学习。5I _he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我非常震惊。6So you can see, Im far _ giv

39、ing up!因此你可以知道，我整天忙于生活，根本没时间去考虑放弃！参考答案一、单词拼写1She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort (努力)2I have dreams of this place and wonder what it would be like to breathe (呼吸) this air.3Latest reports say that mudslides buried (埋) entire villages.4The number of families seeking shelters ro

40、se by 17 percent (百分比)5Dont leave the lights on.It wastes electricity (电)6I wondered if it was an animal caught in a trap(陷阱)7A great number of people suffered(遭受) a great deal in the earthquake8In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought back to life after death(死亡)9A great deal of

41、 money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods(洪水)10Too much drinking will do damage(伤害) to your health; you should take the doctors advice11All the listeners were greatly shocked(震惊的) when they heard the terrible news on radio12His parents and his little brother lost their lives

42、in the disaster(灾难)二、单句语法填空1They treat me as if I were(be) a stranger2He was_trapped (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.3It was a shocking story, and we all got shocked. (shock)4Burying (bury) himself in the newspaper, he didnt notice what was happening.5Years of fighting have left the city

43、 in ruins (ruin); it would take a lot of money to rebuild it.6A number of teachers are present today, the number of whom is 300. (be)7We have to wait until the discussion between them comes to an end.8These old people have experienced all kinds of sufferings (suffer) in their difficult times9It rain

44、ed for two weeks on end, completely ruining(ruin) our holiday10Around 540 million people are_affected(affect) by secondhand smoke, which causes 100，000 deaths per year11The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed(destroy)12When it was my turn to e

45、xpress my opinion, I was too nervous to say a word三、选词填空 1After the exam, all the lessons in school also came_to_an_end.2It was reported that an American couple had dug_out a lot of gold coins from their own yard.3She was_buried_in thought, so she didnt notice the water was boiling.4Why dont you pla

46、y football instead_of just looking on?5The city lay in_ruins after the earthquake.Now, rows of houses are being built.6They are_trapped_in the burning building.Please call the fire department right away.四、完成句子1It_seemed_as_if he knew everything that happened last night.他好像知道昨晚发生的一切。2If that were tru

47、e, both companies would suffer_a_great_loss.如果那是真的，双方公司都将蒙受巨大的损失。3Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is_hard_to_get_along_with.尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。4He was_burying_himself_in_studying when I came in.我进来的时候他正在专心致志地学习。5I was_shocked_to_hear_that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我非常震惊。6So you ca

48、n see, Im far too_busy_with_living_to_think_of giving up!因此你可以知道，我整天忙于生活，根本没时间去考虑放弃！ 一、完形填空阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In November 2018, the town of Paradise was nearly destroyed by the deadliest wildfire in history. Shane Grammer, who grew up there, followed the 1 of the deadly fir

49、e from Los Angeles. When his childhood friend Edwards posted pictures of his chimney the 2 part of his house to survive, the 47-year-old artist felt 3 . And then he had a(n) 4 .“Ive got to 5 that chimney,” he said, “Im not trying to say anything. Its just that Im an artist. And its a chance for me t

50、o 6 myself as an artist.”On December 31, Grammer made a 7 to Paradise. He spent three hours painting a portrait of a woman on his friends chimney - a reminder, perhaps, of the beauty of life.Grammer 8 a photo of the painting online. It received lots of 9 . People were sharing the post. The victims o

51、f the fire, were especially 10 . “Beautiful,” one said. Another posted, “You 11 beauty and hope.” 12 , Grammer realized that what he had thought was an artistic expression had developed into something 13 . “Art does move and 14 people. I know I have to come back,” Grammer said. Then he 15 eight time

52、s, painting 17 portraits of victims on chimneys, cars, and wall.Outside one house, he 16 a photo of an eight-year-old girl. Then he painted a mural (壁画) of her on what was left of her house. It was, Grammer said, “a stamp that life was here and that life can 17 to be here.”Grammers work in Paradise

53、has now become a 18 . Hes traveled the world painting murals in dark places that needed some 19 . ”I want to do something 20 and create art that moves people,” he says.1AhistoryBnewsCcausesDpurpose2ArestBotherConlyDfirst3AhelplessBnervousCashamedDangry4AquestionBmessageCexperienceDidea5AforgetBpaint

54、CcleanDown6AexpressBanswerClearnDchange7AsuggestionBtripCpromiseDjoke8AsawBcopiedCgotDposted9AattentionBadviceCtrustDvalue10ApraisedBinvitedCtouchedDtreated11AexpectBmissCrememberDbring12APossiblyBSuddenlyCLuckilyDInterestingly13AfunnierBharderCdeeperDstranger14AencourageBtrainCattractDsatisfy15Atri

55、edBreturnedCappearedDpassed16AsharedBkeptCfoundDlost17AcontinueBstartCstopDseem18AmovementBdiscussionCruleDsurprise19AprotectionBfreedomCfireDlight20ApopularBsuccessfulCpowerfulDcolorful二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms are common. 21 In thu

56、nderstorms, lightningcan strike (击中) people and buildings and is very dangerous.It was reported that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phone call under a tree. He died at once. You may not know it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world.22 So wha

57、t should you do during a lightning storm? Scientists say that a persons chances of being struckby lightning are 1 in 600,000. 23 If you are indoors during a thunderstorm:Stay away from anything that is metal because lightning can come into the house through it.Dont stand near the windows.Dont take a

58、 shower or bath. Lightning can travel through water.Never use the phone.24 If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors: 25 .If theres no building around, try to find a low place to stay in.Do not go under a tree because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you.Never u

59、se a cell phone.ATry to get home as soon as possible.BSince they happen often, some people dont take them seriously.CLightning could travel through the phone line and hit you.DIn fact, many people are killed by lightning every year.E.But you can reduce (减少) those chances by following these safety ru

60、les.F.But it is very important for us to learn about lightning.G.Go into a nearby building or car right away.三、阅读选择阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANatural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning. Earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, typhoons, and hurricanes are all

61、natural disasters.The earthquake of 26 December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a massive underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami （海啸）to cross the Indian Ocean. It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought deat

62、h and destruction to many people. The survivors needed fresh water, food and shelter as well as medical help. People from all over the world gave money.The surface of the Earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving continuously （although very slowly） and has done so for billions of ye

63、ars. This is one cause of earthquakes,when one section of the Earth crashes with another. Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line. However, earthquakes do not always happen on Fault lines, which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable.

64、All the disasters are very dangerous and continue to kill thousands of people each year, but they are nowhere near the most dangerous disaster to ever happen on earth. One type of event in the earths history has regularly killed millions of beings: asteroid （小行星）impacts （撞击）. About once every millio

65、n years the Earth is hit by a piece of rock and ice from space large enough to cause massive destruction （including earthquakes, volcanoes and ice ages） and sometimes to kill entire species. Sixty-five million years ago more than half the earths species were killed by such a disaster, including all

66、the dinosaurs（恐龙）. Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space.26What did the world do when the tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean?AThey gave away money to the beggars.BThey sponsored to help the people survive.CThey donated their posses

67、sions to the survivors.DThey helped rebuild the coastlines and communities.27What can scientists predict about earthquakes?AThe possible time.BThe possible climate.CThe possible place.DThe possible frequence.28Which is the best heading that matches Paragraph 3?AWhat do earthquakes destroy?BWhy do ea

68、rthquakes happen?CHow can we prevent earthquakes?DWhich is the most dangerous natural disaster?29Where does the author think the most dangerous natural disaster will come from?ASpace.BEarth.CHumans.DWild animals.BAn earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. S

69、o it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.Fragile items, like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas an

70、d other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas imme

71、diately when an earthquake happens.During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injurie

72、s happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the stairs at all times.If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.If

73、trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself.

74、 Do not move about or kick up dust.30The purpose of the passage is to tell readers _.Athe damage caused by earthquakesBthe rescue work after earthquakesCwhat to do about earthquakesDhow to prevent earthquakes31The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means _.Aeasily brokenBeasily foundC

75、expensiveDheavy32During the earthquake, people are advised to _.Ago out the building at onceBturn off electricity and gas immediatelyCtake shelter under a treeDdrive to a safe place quickly33What should people NOT do when they are trapped in debris?ACover their mouth with a handkerchief.BTap on a pi

76、pe or wall for help.CUse a whistle for help.DLight a match for help.答案解析一、完形填空1-5 BCADB6-10 ABDAC11-15 DBCAB16-20 CAADC【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是天堂镇被火烧了以后，艺术家Shane Grammer在那儿的烟囱上画画来纪念逝去的人们的感人的故事。1考查名词词义辨析。由“of the deadly fire from Los Angeles”可知，此处指Shane Grammer跟踪了来自洛杉矶致命火灾的消息。故选B。2考查形容词词义辨析。A.rest其余的；B.ot

77、her其他的；C.only唯一的；D.first 第一。由前面的“the deadly fire”可知，起火了，其他东西都烧了，烟囱是他家唯一幸存的部分，故选C。3考查形容词词义辨析。A.helpless无望的，无助的；B.nervous紧张的；C.ashamed羞耻的；D.angry 生气的。由“the _2_ part of his house to survive”可知他看到这张照片感到无助。故选A。4考查名词词义辨析。由后文的“Ive got to _5_that chimney”可知，他是有了一个主意，故选D。5考查动词词义辨析。由“Its just that Im an artis

78、t”可知，句子表示“我得粉刷一下烟囱”，故选B。6考查动词词义辨析。A.express表达，展现；B.answer回答；C.learn学；D.change “改变，变化”。由“myself as an artist”可知，这是我展现自己艺术家一面的机会，故选A。7考查名词词义辨析。A.suggestion建议；B.trip旅行；C.promise承诺；D.joke笑话。根据“to Paradise”可知，他去了Paradise，因此空格处是“旅行”，故选B。8考查动词词义辨析。句意：Grammer在网上发了一张这幅画的照片。A.saw看见；B.copied复制；C.got得到；D.posted

79、邮寄，张贴。由online可知，他在网上张贴了他画的画。故选D。9考查名词词义辨析。A.attention注意；B.advice建议；C.trust相信；D.value价值。由“People were sharing the post”可知，它吸引了许多人的注意。故选A。10考查动词词义辨析。A.praised表扬；B.invited邀请；C.touched感动；D.treated对待，治疗。根据上文“It received lots of _9_”可知，此画吸引了许多人的注意，它感动了受害者。touched此处是“受感动”。故选C。11考查动词词义辨析。A.expect期待，预料；B.mis

80、s错过，想念；C.remember记住；D.bring带来。由“beauty and hope”可知，此处表示“你带来了美丽和希望”，故选D。12考查副词词义辨析。A.Possibly可能；B.Suddenly突然；C.Luckily幸运的是；D.Interestingly 有趣的是。根据“Grammer realized that”可知这是他突然想到的。 故选B。13考查形容词词义辨析。A.funnier“更有趣的；B.harder更难的，更硬的；C.deeper更深的；D.stranger更奇怪的。由“what he had thought was an artistic expressi

81、on had developed into something”可知，他所认为的艺术表达已经发展成更深层次的东西。故选C。14考查动词词义辨析。A.encourage鼓励；B.train训练；C.attract吸引；D.satisfy使满意。根据上文的“You _11_ beauty and hope”可知艺术能感动和鼓励人们，故选A。15考查动词词义辨析。A.tried尽力，尝试；B.returned返回，归还；C.appeared出现；D.passed经过，传递。根据上文“I know I have to come back,Grammer said”可知他返回去了。故选B。16考查动词词

82、义辨析。A.shared分享；B.kept保留，维持；C.found发现；D.lost丢失。根据下文“Then he painted a mural(画)of her on what was left of her house”可知，他发现了一张8岁的女孩的照片。故选C。17考查动词词义辨析。A.continue继续；B.start开始；C.stop停止；D.seem看起来。由“life was here and that life can_17_ to be here”可知，这是一个印记，表明生命曾经存在，生命可以继续存在，故选A。18考查名词词义辨析。A.movement活动，运动；B.d

83、iscussion讨论；C.rule规则；D.surprise惊讶。由“Hes traveled the world painting murals in dark places that needed some _19_”可知，Grammer在Paradise的工作已经变成了一项活动。故选A。19考查名词词义辨析。A.protection保护；B.freedom自由；C.fire火；D.light灯，光。由“dark places”可知，黑暗地方需要光，故选D。20考查形容词词义辨析。A.popular流行的；B.successful成功的；C.powerful强有力的；D.colorful

84、五颜六色的。由“create art that moves people”可知，我想做一些震撼人心的事，创造能感动人心的艺术，因此空格处是“强有力的”，故选C。二、七选五21-25 BDECG【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了雷暴的危害性以及减少雷暴伤害的安全措施。21由In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms are common 可知，在春季和夏季，雷暴是常见的。小题1的选项要起到承上启下的作用。故B 选项切题。22由but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment arou

85、nd the world 可知，但是世界上任何时候都有将近1800次雷暴发生。接下来要介绍雷暴对人类造成的危害，故D选项切题23由下文的If you are indoors during a thunderstorm: If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors 可知，下文都在介绍减少雷暴伤害的安全措施。由小题3的位置可以判断出小题3的选项要引起下文。故E选项切题。24由Never use the phone 可知，在室内遭遇雷暴时不能用电话。接着要说电话会带来的危害。故C选项切题。25由If theres no building around,

86、try to find a low place to stay in 可知，如果附近没有建筑，那就找个低矮的地方呆。小题5的选项要告诉我们在室外遭受雷暴时，要马上进入附近的建筑内或者车内。以此来承接下文。故G选项切题。三、阅读选择 A26-29 BCBA【分析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章通过讲述2004年12月26日发生在印度洋底的地震以及其产生的海啸，说明自然灾害在不知情的情况下会以不同的方式发生；另外讲述了为什么地震如此危险和不可预测的科学原理；接下来讲述6500万年前发生的恐龙大灭绝事件告诉我们所有这些自然灾害发生产生的结果是灾难性的，但对我们人类威胁最大最具灾难性的是太空来物。26细节理

87、解题。通过审题定位于第二段末尾：The survivors needed fresh water, food and shelter as well as medical help. People from all over the world gave money.幸存者需要新鲜的水，食物和帐篷，同时需要医疗救援。来自于全世界的人们都捐款了。从这里可以看出他们的幸存靠的是全世界人的捐助和援助。这里sponsor是支援，赞助的意思，取其转义，捐助。因此B选项：They sponsored to help the people survive.“他们捐助以帮助那里的人生存下来。”切合文意。故选B

88、。27细节理解题。审题得知：科学家可以预测地震的什么。定位于：Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line.科学家能预测哪里可能发生这些地震。故C选项：the possible place切合文意。故选C。28推理判断题。审题得知，第三段最佳标题是什么。浏览信息得知：This is one cause of earthquakes, when one section of the Earth crashes with another. 这是地震的

89、原因之一，当地球的一部分撞击另一部分时，产生地震。这里关键词为cause。然后下文讲科学家可以预测地震发生在什么地方。这些都是在告诉我们产生地震的原因是什么。故最佳标题应该与这个有关。而B选项：Why do earthquakes happen?“为什么会发生地震？”切合文意。故选B。29细节理解题。审题可以确定关键词信息为：the most dangerous natural disaster 和come from；因此定位于整个文章最后一句：Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest threat to humans

90、 is likely to come from space.地球上的灾难也许看起来很危险，但对人类最大的威胁好像来自于太空。这句话自然点明了答案为A选项space。故选A。 B30-33 CABD【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于地震的一些知识，以及当地震来临时的一些安全方面的建议。30推理判断题。根据第一自然段中的“So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.”和下文讲述的内容都是围绕针对某种可能存在的危险给出安全建议，可知短文的主要目的是介绍地震来临时

91、的一些安全方面的措施。故选C项。31词义猜测题。根据文章第二自然段中的“Fragile items, like those made of glass are easily broken”(像玻璃一样易碎的物品)可知，fragile和easily broken的意思相近。故选A项。32细节理解题。根据第三自然段中的“Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens”可知，当地震发生时应该关闭电路和气等家用电器。故选B项。33细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“D

92、o not light a match because you may burn yourself.”可知地震时不能点火柴。故选D项。 1. 【2012广东】He walked in as if he _(buy) the school. 2. 【2017全国卷I】This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side_ ( effect) such as overweight and heart disease - the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.答案解析1.答案：had bought 句意：他走进来，似乎他买下了这个学校。as if引导的方式状语从句中，表示和过去事实相反的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。2.答案：effects句意：这个趋势是由医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法开始的，但已经有一些意想不到的副作用，像超重和心脏病，这些副作用正是医学界尝试去对抗的。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知用名词复数形式effects。