Unit 5知识讲解--2022-2023学年度八年级英语下册基础知识专项讲练（人教版）1.docx

1、Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？（知识讲解）go off的用法【知识详解 】go off意为“(闹钟)发出响声”. My alarm goes off at six every morning.我的闹钟每天早晨6点响.归纳 go off还有“离开”和“变质”之意.Bob went off to get a drink.鲍勃拿饮料去了.Meat goes off quickly in hot weather.热天肉变质得快.拓展 go的短语小结:(1) go down下降 (2)go out出去 (3)go away离开 (4

2、) go back回去(5) go on继续 (6) go over仔细检查 (7) go up上升增长【经典练】Bad luck! My alarm didnt_ this morning and I was late for school.A. go off B. run off C. put off解析 句意:倒霉！我的闹钟今天早晨没响,我上学迟到了.go off意为“(闹钟)发出响声;run off意为“溢出”;putoff意为“推迟”.根据句意可知答案选A.答案 Apick up的用法【知识详解 】本句中的pick up意为接电话”.pick up有如下含义:接电话The phone

3、 rang. I didnt pick up because I was busy.电话响了,我没有接电话,因为我很忙.检起;拾起Please pick up the ruler on the ground.请把地上的尺子检起来.搭载;接人My mother agreed to drive her new ear to pick me up.我妈妈同意开着她的新车来接我注意：pick it up把它捡起来 pick them up把它们捡起来pick up the book= pick the book up把书捡起来(注意人称代词放中间，名词放中间放后面都可以)【经典练】I called y

4、ou several times, but you didnt_.A. pick up B. take up C. look up D. stay up解析 句意:我给你打了几次电话,但是你都没有接.pick up意为“接电话;捡起”;take up意为“占据;开始从事”;look up意为“查阅”;stay up 意为“熬夜”.由句意可知答案选A.答案 Abeat与win的辨析【知识点详解 】beat意为“敲打”，还可意为“打败”.当“打败”讲时,其与win的用法区别如下:beat与win辨析win意为“赢;获胜”,作及物动词时,充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词,即race、

5、match、game、competition、war、prize等Mary won first prize in the competition.玛丽在竞赛中获得第一名.beat意为“打败;战胜”,但跟win的用法不同,它后面跟的是比赛、竞争中的对手、战争中的敌人或指人或球队的名词或代词.He beat me at chess.他下国际象棋赢了我.二者的反义词为lose(lost, lost), 表示“输给某人”用lose to sb.【经典练】-Who_ the singing competition?-I heard Joe_ Jill in the competition.A. won;

6、 won B. beat; won C. won; beat D. beat; beat解析 句意:谁在唱歌比赛中获胜了?-我听说是Joe在比赛中打败了Jil.win获得;赢得”,后面常跟比赛、奖品、战争、荣誉类名词;beat“打败”,后面常跟比赛、竞争中的对手、战争中的敌人或指人或球队的名词或代词.根据句中的 the singing competition 及 Jill 可知分别用won和beat,故答案选C.答案 C in silence的用法【知识点详解 】in silence是固定短语,意为“沉默;无声”,其中 silence是名词,意为“沉默;缄默;无声”.They hugged e

7、ach other in silence for a long time.他们默默地拥抱了彼此很长时间.拓展 同根词silent adj.沉默的 keep silent保持沉默 silently adv.沉默地 -ly是副词后缀silence n.沉默;无声 in silence沉默;无声【经典练】They went out of the room in_ after they heard the bad news.A. fact B. excitement C. silence D. public解析 句意:听到这个坏消息后,他们默默地走出了房间.in silence 意为“沉默;无声”,是

8、固定搭配,符合题意,故答案选C.答案 Cbegin(began， begun， beginning) 动词，意为“开始”【知识点详解 】start与begin表示“开始”时是同义词，二者通常可以互换，其后均既可接动词不定式， 也可接v.-ing形式，在意义上无差别。例：They are starting/beginning to learn English. 他们开始学英语。She started/began to understand it. 她开始明白这件事。与begin相关的短语：begin with 以.开始to begin with 首先例：The party began with

9、a game.聚会以一个游戏开始，To begin with，its too cold outside.首先， 外面太冷了.miss作及物动词，意为“没赶上；错过”【知识点详解 】miss作及物动词，意为“没赶上；错过“.例：Hurry up， or you will miss your train.快点儿， 要不你就赶不上火车了。She was upset at missing all the excitements.错过了所有精彩之处， 她很失里，【知识拓展】miss作及物动词，意为“想念；思念.例：I miss my family very much.我非常想念我的家人。miss作及物动

10、词，意为“缺(课) “.例：The boy often missed classes last term.那个男孩儿上学期经常缺课。either的用法【知识点详解 】either作副词， 意为“也“， 用于否定句中。例：Jenny wont go and Bill wont go， either.珍妮不去， 比尔也不去，辨析： either， also与tooeither“也”，用于否定句中，一般放在句末also“也，一般用于肯定句或疑问句中，常放在句中too“也，一般用于肯定句或疑问句中，常放在句末，其前常用逗号隔开例：Mary didnt come to school yesterday，

11、either. 玛丽昨天也没来学校。She speaks English and she also speaks French. 她说英语，也说法语，Are you going to work，too? 你也去上班吗?【知识拓展】either作代词， 意为“(两者中的) 一个“.例：You can keep one of the photos，Either of themwhichever you like你可以保留一张照. 两张里任选一张拣你喜欢的，while的用法【知识点详解 】while作从属连词，意为“当.的时候，在.期间”，引导时间状语从句其谓语动词必须为延续性动词。它强调主句的动作

12、在从句动作的过程中发生，或者主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，且持续时间一般较长。例：He fell asleep while he was listening to music. 他在听音乐时睡着了，While we were talking， he came in. 我们在谈话时，他进来了.辨析：while与whenwhile“当.的时候”“在.期间，其谓语动词必须为延续性动词，常用于过去进行时态中when“当.的时候，其谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词【知识拓展】while与when在过去进行时中位置的转换：例：While John was playing the piano

13、，Mary left the house 约翰在弹钢琴时，玛丽离开了家。=John was playing the piano when Mary left the house. 当玛丽离开家时，约翰在弹钢琴。against的用法【知识点详解 】against作介词，此处意为“碰；撞；倚；靠.例：The rain beat against the car windscreen. 雨打在汽车挡风玻璃上，Put the piano there，with its back against the wall 把钢琴放在那里，背靠着墙，He leaned against the tree. 他靠着树，【

14、知识拓展】against作介词，还可意为“反对；违反；对抗，例：They are against the plan. 他们反对这个计划.That is against the law. 那是违法的.They are playing basketball against Class 4. 他们在和4班打篮球对抗赛try的用法【知识详解 】try作及物动词，意为“试图；努力.例：He tried to control his voice. 他尽量控制他的声音。Try not to break it. 尽量不要弄破它，【知识拓展】try作不及物动词，意为“尝试。例：He tried but didn

15、t succeed.他试了试， 但没成功。try作可数名词，意为“尝试；努力。例：Im going to have try. 我想试试常见的与try相关的短语有：try on“试穿， 试戴； tryout“试验，辨析：try to do sth.与try doing sthtry to do sth，“努力去做某事；试图去做某事，但不一定能成功try doing sth“试着(用某种方法或手段)做某事make ones way to的用法【知识详解】make ones way to意为“(艰难地) 前进；朝.前行例：We slowly made our way to them all thro

16、ugh the crowd.我们穿过人群慢慢地朝商场走去，【知识拓展】有关way的短语：by the way顺便说一下 in away在某种程度上lose ones way迷路 in the/ones way挡路； 妨碍on the way在路上 on ones way to在去.的路上sleep的用法【知识详解 】sleep: 睡觉(动名同形) asleep: 睡着的（形容词）be asleep: 睡着的（形容词，表状态）fall asleep=get to sleep=go to sleep 入睡 go to bed: 上床睡觉（不一定睡着）sleepy: 困的例1：He couldnt

17、sleep at first. 起初，他没有睡着 例2：He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a. m. 大约凌晨三点，风逐渐变弱时，他终于睡着了(注意，die down逐渐变弱die of 死于疾病(内部原因)die fromrise的用法【知识点详解】rise(rose，risen) 作不及物动词，意为“上升；升起，例：The river rose yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午河水上涨了，The moon was rising when I went home. 我回家时，

18、月亮正在升起。辨析：rise与raiserise“升起；提高；增加，作不及物动词，主语常为物raise“使.升起；提高；增加，作及物动词，主语常为人The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起,从西方落下.The cost of living continues to rise. 生活费用继续上涨.She raised the gun and fired. 她举枪射击.leave的用法【知识点详解】leave动词，意为“离开”例：The bus leaves at 8：00 a.m. everyday. 公共汽车每天上午8点离开，【知识拓展】leave的常用搭配：“leave for+地点”动身前往某地例：When will he leave for Beijing?他将什么时候动身去北京?“leave+地点+for.离开某地前往例：Mary is leaving Dalian for Jinan tomorrow.玛丽明天要离开大连去济南。“leave + sth + 地点”把某物忘记在什么地方例：I realized I left my homework at home when I got to school. 当我到达学校时，我意识到把作业忘记在家里了。