Unit 7 单元知识清单-【上好课】2022-2023学年八年级英语下册同步备课系列（人教新目标Go For It!）.docx

1、Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world？重要知识点清单 （北京）股份有限公司【精讲01 词汇】 1.population 2. protect v. 保护；防护。常用短语：protect.from/against.保护免受/遭People build houses to protect themselves against bad weather.人们建造房屋来抵御坏天气。Knowing some ways to protect yourself will help to keep you safe in the earthquake.了解

2、一些保护自己的方法将有助于你在地震中保证自身的安全。3.succeedsucceed是不及物动词，意为实现目标；成功，不能用于被动语态。常用短语：succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事；succeed in sth.在某方面获得成功。His plan succeeded. 他的计划成功了。Could you tell me how to succeed in making a speech in front of people? 你能告诉我怎样在人们面前成功发表演讲吗？Be confident. Thats the point. 要有信心。这就是要点。You wont suc

3、ceed in the work if you dont put your mind to it. 如果你不专心工作，工作就不会做好。【知识拓展】 4. challenge作及物动词，意为挑战；考验。This discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 这项发现是对传统信念的冲击。（1） challenge sb. to sth./to do sth.向某人挑战，(尤指在对方不情愿时)强烈建议某人做某事。Mike challenged me to a game of chess. 迈克硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。He challenged me to play

4、 chess. 他向我挑战下象棋。（2）challenge作可数名词，意为挑战；比赛等的邀请 常跟介词短语to或动词不定式。We accepted their challenge to a baseball game. 我们接受了他们棒球邀请的挑战。Our teachers usually give us some advice on how to face the difficulties and challenges bravely. 我们的老师通常给我们一些关于如何勇敢地面对困难和挑战的建议。【知识拓展】challenge作名词的相关短语5. birth n. 出生;诞生。常用搭配：at

5、 birth出生时date of birth出生日期give birth to生孩子Whats your date of birth?你是哪天出生的?Do you know his date of birth? 你知道他的出生日期吗？【易混辨析】born/birth6.feed作及物动词，意为喂养，饲养，强调动作。过去式 (fed，fed)She was feeding the baby with porridge. 她正给宝宝喂粥。【知识拓展】feed常用短语7.awake用作形容词，意为“醒着的”，它在句中常作表语。反义词是asleep。Is he awake or asleep？他是醒着

6、还是睡着了？ 【易混辨析】awake与wakeawake形容词，意为“醒着”，常用作表语wake动词，意为“弄醒；醒”，常与副词up连用Its eleven at night. He is still awake. 夜里十一点了，他还没有睡。Please wake me up at six in the morning. 请早上六点叫醒我。【注意】awake不用于名词前作定语。8. illness illness n.(名词) 疾病。He had several illnesses, including heart disease. 他患有多种疾病，其中包括心脏病。【易混辨析】9.huge a

7、dj. 巨大的；极多的。There is a huge building near the river. 河边有幢大楼。【易混辨析】huge、great、big【精讲02 短语】 1.As far as I know,as far as I know是一个固定的表达方式，还可用so far as I know，意思是据我所知。As far as I know, he will be away for three months. 据我所知，他将离开三个月。As far as I can see, you have done nothing wrong. 依我看，你没有做错任何事。as far a

8、s还可表示像那样远；远到，后跟名词或从句，强调至某一指明地点的距离。在否定句中，也可用so far as。We went as far as Lion Rock Tunnel. 我们一直走到狮子山隧道公路那儿。She didnt go as far as the others (did). 她走得不像其他人那样远。2.even thougheven though用作从属连词，意为即使；尽管，相当于even if，引导让步状语从句，不与并列连词but连用。even if的从句中含有强烈的假定性，even though则多以从句之内容为前提。Even if you dont succeed, th

9、ey will stand by you. 即使你们不成功，他们也会支持你们。Even though I have opposed him, he is an honest man. 尽管我反对过他，但他是一个诚实的人。Even though Frank left school at 16, he still became a successful writer. 【知识拓展】引导让步状语从句的词/词组：though/although虽然 whoever/no matter who无论谁however/no matter how无论怎样 whatever/no matter what无论什么3

10、.up toup to到达(某数量、程度等)；至多有；不多于。live up to指活到岁。There are up to seventy students in the classroom. 教室里学生不多于七十人。The old man can live up to ninety years. 这位老人能活到九十岁。4.prepare sth. for sb./sth.意为“给准备”。She prepared a nice breakfast for us. 她给我们准备了可口的早餐。【知识拓展】prepare 常见结构5.fall over 表示绊倒，摔倒。She hit him so

11、hard that she fell over. 她重重地撞击他，结果自己摔倒了。【易混辨析】fall down、fall off、fall over6. in dangerin (great) danger处于(极度)危险之中，是主语本身处于危险之中，处于危险状况/危险处境，其反义词组为out of danger脱离危险。Our country is in great danger; we must mobilize the army.我们国家处在极度危险中，我们必须动员军队。The old man is in danger. 这位老人处于危险中。【知识拓展】danger(s) of 表示的

12、危险、危害，of 后接名词、代词或动名词形式。Do you know the dangers of smoking? 你知道吸烟的危害吗？【精讲03 句子】 1. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。 higher than any other mountain比其他任何山都高，any指任何一个，后接单数名词。这种比较级形式可以替换为最高级形式，即：形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词=最高级+单数名词。原句相当于Qomolangma is the highe

13、st mountain in the world.。Tom runs faster than any other student(或any of the other students)in his class. 汤姆比他班上的任何人都跑得快。This book is more difficult than any other book here.=This book is the most difficult book here. 这些书当中这本最难。来源:学科网【知识拓展】表示最高级的结构还有：形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词。Asia is bigger than th

14、e other continents on the earth. 亚洲是地球上最大的洲。2. Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world? 你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？（1） 该句含有由that引导的宾语从句，从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。He told me that the sun rises in the east. 他告诉我太阳从东方升起。(客观事实)（2）本句中的one of意为中的一个或之一，后面接复数名词，当名词前有形容词修饰且有比较范围时，

15、形容词应用其最高级形式。Song Jie is one of the tallest students in our class. 宋杰是我们班最高的学生之一。【注意】one of . 作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 One of the girls is my sister. 这些女孩中有一个是我妹妹。3. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. 更加严峻你的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。（1）include为及物动词，其后可接名词或动名词，指在一个整体中

16、包括了其中一部分内容或项目等，强调包含部分。The price includes both the house and the furniture. 价钱包括房子和家具(的价格)。(接名词)Your duties include putting the children to bed. 你的责任包括安顿孩子们去睡觉。(接动名词)【知识拓展】including作介词，意为包括在内，后面跟名词或代词，在句子中作状语，是对主句的补充说明，一般用逗号与主句隔开。（2） condition名词，意为条件；状况，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。Everything is in good conditio

17、n. 一切状况良好。He is overweight and out of condition. 他体重超重且健康状况不佳。【知识拓展】4.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶的时候，你还会感到呼吸非常困难。1) “It is + adj.+ to do sth.”句型.It作形式主语放在句首,而把真正的主语放在句尾。常用于此句型的形容词有important, difficult, dangerous, necessary, useful, possible等,用来对to do sth.进行说明。

18、此句型可以转换成“To do sth.is+adj.”。It is important to study English well.学好英语很重要。It is said that she has been married for a year. 据说她已经结婚一年了。2）as作连词，相当于when。as引导时间状语从句，作当的时候解，有随着之意，与while意义相近，强调两个动作同时发生，或某事一发生，另一事立即发生。He shouted aloud as he ran along. 他一边往前跑，一边高声地呼喊。I was startled as he opened the door. 他一

19、开门，我吓了一跳。5. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们表明：我们绝不应该放弃实现我们梦想的尝试。（1） give up 意为放弃，后面可以接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。如果宾语是名词，那么名词可以放在 give 和 up 之间，也可以放在 up 之后；如果宾语是代词，那么代词只能放在 give 和 up 之间。My uncle wants to give up drinking wine. 我叔叔想戒酒。Alth

20、ough English isnt easy to learn, I wont give it up. 虽然英语不易学，但我不会放弃。Dont give up your hope and try again. 不要放弃你的希望，再试一次。（2） achieve及物动词，意为达到；完成；成功，其宾语可以是实现的目标、目的等，也可以是取得的胜利、成功、名誉、地位等。achieve(v.)achievable(adj.)可达到的achievement(n.)成就；成绩She achieved no success. 她没有获得成功。He will never achieve anything if

21、he doesnt work hard. 如果他不努力，他不会获取任何东西。As we reached the top of the mountain, we felt a sense of achievements. 当我们到达山顶时，我们感到有一种成就感。【注意】achieve表示实现时，与realize，come true同义，但come true为不及物动词短语，而另外两个均为及物动词。He achieved/realized his dream. 他的梦想实现了。【易混辨析】 achieve与come true的区别6.It also shows that humans can so

22、metimes be stronger than the forces of nature. 它也显示了人类有时能比自然的力量更强大。（1）force名词，意为力，力量the force of nature 自然力量 the force of an explosion 爆炸力force可用作动词，意为强迫，迫使。force sb to do sth意为破使某人做某事。They forced him to leave the small town. 他们迫使他离开这个小镇。（2） nature不可数名词，意为自然界；大自然，其形容词形式为natural，意为自然的；自然界的；天生的。They s

23、topped to enjoy the beauty of nature. 他们停下来欣赏大自然的美景。The countrys natural resources include forests, coal and oil. 这个国家的自然资源包括森林、煤和石油。He is a natural musician. 他天生是个音乐家。7.This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.这只大象比这只大熊猫重很多倍。（1）weigh既可作及物动词，表称重，也可作连系动词，表有重；重。I weighed the box. It weighs

24、 20 kg. 我称了这个盒子，它重20公斤。She is afraid of becoming fat. She weighs herself every day. 她怕发胖。每天都称体重。He weighs only 70 kilos now after taking a balanced diet.【知识拓展】weigh名词形式为weight。常用短语：in weight在体重方面。The boy weighs 20 kg.The boy is 20 kg in weight. 这个男孩重20公斤。（3） time在此意为倍数，次数，表示三倍或三倍以上时使用。表示 A 比B长（宽、高、大

25、、重等）N倍时，其结构为Abe基数词（N1）times形容词比较级thanB 。This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大四倍。I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次了。8.Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests.科学家说现在有不到2000只大熊 猫生活在森林里。句中living in the forests是一个现在分词短语，修饰前面的名词pandas,

26、作其后置定语，与其修饰的词pandas是逻辑上的主谓关系。There is a truck collecting the rubbish over there.在那边有一辆卡车正在收垃圾。The old professor has a large collection of ancient vases dating back to the Ming dynasty.这位老教授收藏了很多可追溯到明朝的古老的花瓶。There are some people picking apples on the farm.在农场上有一些人正在摘苹果。 【精讲04 语法】形容词副词比较级最高级1.形容词副词比较

27、级最高级构成2.形容词副词比较级运用3.形容词副词最高级运用【精讲05 写作】1.话题分析本单元以 “世界事实(Facts about the world)”为核心话题, 谈论大自然及保护野生动物。该话题取材广泛, 主要以濒危动物保护、环境保护等为谈论内容。“Introduce &Discussion& Solution”三步法谈论保护自然和动物。Introduce：介绍自然、地理或珍稀动物的特点及现状；Discussion：分析问题产生的原因；Solution：提出解决问题的方法；表明自己的观点和态度 2.佳句荟萃1.Though its really difficult, he never

28、 gives up saving endangered animals.2.The government tried to stop factories pouring polluted water into the river.3. He planned to spend five years traveling around China.4.People started to realize the importance of protecting the environment.5.China is almost as big as the US.6.Yellow River is no

29、t as long as Yangtze River.7.China has a much longer history than the US.8.Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.9.Chongqing is the biggest of all the cities.【典例分析】 一、材料作文1假定你是李华， 将参加英语周报组织的主题为 “How to protect endangered animals.”的征文比赛，请为此写一篇短文。内容提示：1. 保护濒危动物的原因；2. 保护濒危动物的方法和措施(如：了解当地的濒危动物、不

30、购买濒危动物皮毛 制品、报告非法捕猎、 保护濒危动物的家园等)；3. 发出号召。 注意：1. 词数 80100 词。开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；2. 短文必须包括所给内容信息，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 作文中不要出现考生和相关人物的真实姓名和校名。How to protect endangered animals.As we all know, protecting endangered animals is everyones responsibility._【答案】例文How to protect endangered animalsAs we all know, prote

31、cting endangered animals is everyones responsibility. Nowadays, a lot of animals are in great danger because of human behaviour. In my opinion, animals are our friends. We must protect them. Then how can we protect endangered animals?First, we should stop cutting down trees because the forest is hom

32、e to many wild animals. If we stop polluting water, creatures like fish can live safely. Creating more nature reserves is very helpful. Secondly, we should stop buying things made of animal fur. Whats more, we should set some laws to protect these endangered animals.Lets take action from now on.【详解】

33、总体分析题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文；时态：时态为“一般现在时”；提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。写作步骤第一步，介绍动物所面临的危险；第二步，介绍保护濒危动物的方法；第三部，发出号召。亮点词汇be in great danger处于极大的危险之中because of因为in my opinion在我来看cut down砍倒高分句型If we stop polluting water, creatures like fish can live safely.（if引导条件状语从句）Whats more, we should set some laws

34、to protect these endangered animals.（动词不定式作目的状语）2假设你是一只华南虎（South China tiger），请根据以下档案，写一篇不少于80词的英语自我介绍。_【答案】例文：Hi, Im a South China tiger. I have orange and black fur. I usually weigh 150 kilograms and 2 metres long. I like eating meat, such as pigs, deer, sheep and so on. Im good at swimming, but I

35、m not good at climbing trees. I often swim in water. I like living alone, but I dont feel lonely. I usually live for 20 years. The forests in Southeast China are my home. I can hardly see my companions there, because human beings destory our homes. They often cut down trees, and some people even kil

36、l us for our bones and skin. So I hope people protect us because we are also part of the earth. First, I hope the country can estabilsh more nature reserves to provide us with more places to live. Second, I hope the goverment can make some laws to protect us and let people stop killing us. 【详解】总体分析

37、题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； 时态：时态为“一般现在时”； 提示：根据所给提示完成写作，不能遗漏信息，以第一人称为主。写作步骤第一步，根据内容提示介绍华南虎的特征、体重、身长等基本信息；第二步，介绍目前华南虎的现状、困难以及求援。亮点词汇be good at擅长cut down砍倒provide sb with sth提供某人某物高分句型So I hope people protect us because we are also part of the earth.（because引导原因状语从句）I hope the country can estabilsh more natur

38、e reserves to provide us with more places to live.（that引导宾语从句）二、话题作文根据中英文提示，写一篇意思连贯、符合逻辑，字数在60100之间的英文作文。保护我们的环境是十分重要的，世界上仅有一个地球，我们就生活在这个地球上，所以保护环境是我们义不容辞的责任。那么，我们应该做些什么？我们该怎么做呢？提示词：take care of, important, only one earth, our duty to, plant trees, collect batteries, plastic（塑料的）bags, protect animal

39、s, spit, in public places, rubbish_【答案】One possible version:Its important to take care of the environment because it is good for our health. We are living on the earth, and we have only one earth. What should we do for it? I think the followings are necessary. We should pick up rubbish and throw it

40、into the dustbin, and we should collect waste things, such as batteries, plastic bags and so on. We should plant more trees, flowers and grass. We shouldnt litter everywhere. Its our duty to keep our environment clean. If everyone can do like this, our world will become much more beautiful.【详解】总体分析题

41、材：本文是一篇说明文，属于话题作文写作；时态：时态为“一般现在时”；提示：文章话题以及提示词已经给出，按照提示的词汇逐点阐述，可以适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。写作步骤第一步，开篇强调保护环境的重要性，引出话题；第二步，分点说明在生活中如何保护环境，可列举两到三点做法，可列举具体的事例；第三步，抒发对保护环境后的期待并书写结语。亮点词汇be good for our health对我们的健康有好处such as比如litter everywhere到处扔垃圾高分句型Its important to take care of the environment because it is good

42、for our health.（because引导原因状语从句；it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语）We should pick up rubbish and throw it into the dustbin, and we should collect waste things, such as batteries, plastic bags and so on.（and连接两个并列分句）If everyone can do like this, our world will become much more beautiful.（if引导条件状语从句）三、讲稿我们学校将组织以“I W

43、ant to Be a Volunteer of Protecting Animals”为主题的英语演讲比赛。 请你以李明的名义写一篇英语演讲稿来参加比赛， 内容要点下：你的品质善良， 善待动物你的爱好（至少两点）你的事迹为Save Chinas Tigers 筹款（至少一点）你的感悟动物是人类的朋友， 保护动物就是保护我们自己你的打算（至少两点）_【答案】例文Hello everyone. Im Li Ming. I want to be a volunteer of protecting animals. Im glad to make a speech here.I am kind to

44、 others. I like looking after homeless animals. I am generous and often donate my money to the local charities. I have ever raised money for Save Chinas Tigers.Whats more, I hand out-leaflets to ask people to protect animals. We should make friends with animals. I think protecting animals is protect

45、ing ourselves, so it is important for everyone to protect them.If I can be a volunteer, I will work harder and do more meaningful things to protect animals. I will call on more people to love animals like me. I must try my best to make the world more beautiful.Thanks for listening!【详解】总体分析题材：本文是一篇应用

46、文，为演讲稿；时态：时态为“一般现在时”；提示：根据所给提示完成写作，不能遗漏信息，以第一人称为主。写作步骤第一步，开篇点题，讲明写这篇演讲稿的原因想成为保护动物的志愿者；第二步，具体阐述自己的品质、爱好、保护动物的事迹以及自己的感悟；第三步，最后讲述自己成为志愿者以后的打算。亮点词汇be glad to do sth很高兴做某事Whats more另外call on sb to do sth号召某人做某事高分句型 I think protecting animals is protecting ourselves, so it is important for everyone to protect them.（动名词作主语）If I can be a volunteer, I will work harder and do more meaningful things to protect animals.（if引导的条件状语从句）