[31885447]Unit 3讲义2021-2022学年人教版八年级英语下册.docx

1、Unit 3 Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?新课知识讲解与练习单词检测：名词：垃圾；废弃物 n_ 地板 n_ 杂乱；不整洁 n_衬衫 n_ 手指 n_ 杂务；乏味无聊的工作n_点心；小吃；快餐 n_ 精神压力；心理负担 n_ 邻居 n_独立n_ 公正性；合理性 n_动词：折叠；对折 v_ 扫；打扫 v_ 扔；掷 v_给；递；走过；通过 v_ 借；借用 v_ 借给；借出 v_厌恶；讨厌v_ 浪费；滥用v_ 提供；供应 v_依靠；信赖 v_ 发展；壮大 v_ 落下；掉下 v_形容词：有病；不舒服 adj_ 独立的；自主的 adj_合理的；公正的 adj_ 不合理的；不公正

2、的 adj_副词：也不 adv_ 而且；加之； adv_连词：与.同时；当.的时候；然而conj_ 因为；既然conj _ 从.以后；自.以来prep conj adv_ 词组检测：一、 重点短语1. have a fever 发烧2. have a cough 咳嗽3. have a toothache 牙疼4. talk too much 说得太多5. drink enough water 喝足够的水6. have a cold 受凉;感冒7. have a stomachache 胃疼8. have a sore back 背疼9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. l

3、ie down and rest 躺下来休息11. so that 以便12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片14. take ones temperature 量体温15. give up 放弃16. keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事17. sound like 听起来像18. run out (of) 用完; 用尽19. in the same way 以同样的方式20. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事21. go along 沿着走23. make a decision 做出决定24. without

4、 thinking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to ones surprise 使. 惊京讶的28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于29. in time 及时30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从出萍35. hurt oneself 受伤36. take risks 冒险37. fall down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心/

5、感到不舒服39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. so. . . that 如此 以至于41. have problems breathing 呼吸困难42. be in control of 掌管;管理语法学习：情景对话 could表示请求、建议例题：1.Could I borrow your dictionary?Of course you _.A. canB. mustC. shouldD. will2.Could you please not keep the water running?_. Im turning off the shower.A. OK, I wil

6、lB. Thats all rightC. Sorry, I wont3.Gould I have your name please, sir? _.A. Oh, no B. Youre polite C. Call me Mary D. Its kind of you4. Gould you look after my garden while Im away? _.A. With pleasure B. Hold on, please C. I agree with you D. Thats a good idea5.Could you answer this question, plea

7、se? _.A.I could B. Yes, I couldnt C. Never mind D. Well. Let me try6.Gould you come, please ? I want some Help. _.A. Yes, I could B. Youre welcome C. Sure. Im coming now D. Thats right7.Could I speak to Mr. White, please?” _ .A. Sorry, Im afraid hes out at the moment. B. Of course you could. C. If y

8、ou want, youll just have to wait. D. No, you couldnt. 重点总结：1. Peter, could you please take out the rubbish? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？【解析1】Could you please do sth ?请你（做）.好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I cant【解析2】

9、take out 取出（v+ adv） 【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间； 跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边【短语】take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走 take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 起飞The gift is in the box. You can take it out.2.I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。【解析1】two hours of TV表示时间、距离、金额、度量

10、等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 How time is flies! Three years _ (be) really a short time.作形容词 足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）【解析2】enough I dont have enough money with me.作副词 足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后） The river is deep enough for swimming. 【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money, but he isnt kind enough to help others.【注意】enough 修饰名词时

11、，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。3. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” Please write to me the minute you get there.in front of【解析2】 指在物体外部的前面 There is a bike in front of the classroom.in the front of 【辨析】 指在物体内部的前面 Our teacher is st

12、anding in the front of the classroom. 【记】 The driver sat _ the car. The policeman stood _ the car.【注意】有the无the区别大： at table 吃饭；进餐 at the table 在桌边 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）4. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！【解析】as.as . 和.一样. 【注】比较级倍数表达句型为：倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象Her face is as red

13、as an apple. not so/asas 5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不” neither两者都不 neither nor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达“也不” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”6. The next day, my mom

14、came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语【注】find found found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难7. “ Im do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the ho

15、usework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. “对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说。【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done The desk needs repairing. The desk needs to be repaired.用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)neednt = dont h

16、ave to 没有必要(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用neednt Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you needntshare sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物8. Could you please pass me the salt? 你能把盐递给我吗？【解析】pass （1）v 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人 Pass on 传递 Please pass the paper on to the other students. v 通

17、过；路过 I pass your home. v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.9.Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗Could you lend me some money? 你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】borrow /lend/keep (1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】 borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library.(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb s

18、th=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 He doesnt want to lend his book to others. (3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】10. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地【解析】invite v invitation n邀请 (1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2) invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地You should refu

19、se his _(invite) .He is really friendly.We invited him _(join) us to practice speaking English.He invited a lot of friends _(come) to his birthday party.11.I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事m

20、ake made made v. 做， 制作， 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物” make you happy (2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.12. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。【解析】a waste of 浪费a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱waste v “浪费” waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在

21、做某事上花费时间/金钱13.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。【解析1】spend. on sth 在某事上花费.spend/pay/cost/take 花费(1)spendspentspent v 花费,主语是人 sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in）doing sthspend on= pay for 支付He s

22、pends too much time on the computer games.(2) pay paid paid v 支付，主语是人sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.(3) cost cost cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money.(4)taketook taken v 花费It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him

23、 3 hours to do his homework.【解析2】in order to “目的是；为了” 后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事14.Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so theres no need for them to do it now.而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。【解析】get older 长大 get/ become/ go辨析： get + adj 较多地与形容词比较级连用。The days are getting

24、longer and longer. become 强调变化的结果 We became friends.go + adj.表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿15.It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 provide v 提供provide sb. with sth. ( sth

25、前需加介词with)=provide sth for sb. (sb 前介词用for) 供应某人某物相当于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. provide为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给”provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物offer侧重表示“愿意给予”offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. 对某人提供某物offer to do sth 主动提出干某事supply 定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to

26、 sb. 为某人提供某物16.And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。【解析】anyway 无论如何, (一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）17. Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。【解析1】 do ones part 尽职责；尽本分Do ones part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责【解析2】keep +sth /sb. + adj. “使.处于某种状态” k

27、eep 系动词 “保持” keep + adj . We must keep healthy.实义动词 “保持；继续” (1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事 He was in great pain but he kept on working (2) keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事 Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 18. Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and teaches them how to look

28、 after themselves. 做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教他们如何照顾自己。【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识 develop v development n 发展 developing adj. 发展的 developed adj. 发达的a developing country 一个发展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家 19.The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。

29、【解析】the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越. 越. ”单元检测：1.Could I borrow your camera? _，but please give it back by Saturday. A. I am sorry B. Of course C. Certainly not D. No, thanks2. I have two sisters, but _of them is a teacher.A. all B. neither C. both D. none3. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, y

30、ou should go to an open area as _ as possible. A. quicklyB. quietlyC. loudlyD. slowly4. Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings _the famous singer, CoCo. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as5.Which magazine do you like better, Crazy Reading or Teens space? I like _of them. Th

31、ey are useful for English lessons. A. none B. neither C. all D. both 6. Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walkman?_. I prefer a portable computer. A. Both B. EitherC. None D. Neither7.Sir, could you please put out your cigarette? This is a smoke-free（无烟的）school. _ A. Im sorry about this. B. No p

32、roblem C. Sure, Id love to D. Never mind8. The teachers speak either English or French, or even _.Thats so cool!A. all B. both C. neither D. none9. The famous musician, as well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.A. were invited B. was invited C. have

33、 been invited D. has been invited10. Tom , would you please _ the box? Its for your sister. A. not open B. dont open C. not to open D. to not open11. You had better hurry or well be late for the plane. The plane will _ in a few minutes. A. take upB. take downC. take offD. take away12. Now all of us

34、exercise at _ least _ hour a day . A. the; a B. a ; an C.不填；a D.不填；an13. You may _ the book for two weeks. A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. buy 14. He speaks _English _French. Instead, he speaks German.A either; or B not only; but also C both; and D neither; nor15. Although you like the book, you may on

35、ly _ it for two weeks. A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. stay.16. May I _ your dictionary? Sorry. Li Lei _ it for five days.A. lend; borrowed B. borrow; has kept C. borrow; has borrowed D. lend; has lent17.There are a small number of people involved（涉及）, possibly _twenty.A. as few asB. as little asC. as

36、many asD. as much as18. I was very surprised when the alien went into a souvenir shop. A. excited B. amazing C. relaxing D. amazed19. Its said that the power plant is now_ large as what it was. A. twice as B. as twice C. twice much D. much twice20. The great writer has written many stories for child

37、ren. It is said that a new one will _ at the end of this month.A. go out B. come out C. look out D. run out21. Scientists are trying their best to _ ways to treat the terrible disease called H7N9.A. come up with B. look forward to C. talk about D. give up22. Tom didnt go to school _ this morning bec

38、ause he overslept（睡过头）. A. at once B. on time C. by accident D. at present23. Can you finish _ these books before 10 oclock? Yes, I can. A. to read B. read C. reads D. reading24. Do you know the girl _ is standing _ the bus? Yes, she is my friend, Zhang Ying.A. that, in the front of B. whom, under C

39、. who, in front of D. which, behind25.I cant play the piano ,and _.A. neither can my sister B. my sister cant, too C. so cant my sister D. can my sister, either26.Our teacher often asks us _ questions in groups.A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed27. If Nancy _ the exam , she will go

40、to Australia for English study. A. pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass28. When you have difficulty, do remember to _ . Two heads are better than one.A. make a decision B. give up C. ask for help D. give advice 29. Mr. Li asks the students _ in the river, because its too dangerous. A. swim B. to sw

41、im C. not to swim D. to not swim30. Dont throw away the waste paper, It needs _ so that it can be reused. A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collect D. collecting31. I didnt hear you come in just now. Thats good. We tried _ any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. Ma

42、king32. _ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach. A. When B. If C. While D. Once33. Ann often helps me _ math after school. A. for B. with C. on D. by 34. Can you finish _ these books before 10 oclock? Yes, I can. A. to read B. read C. reads D. reading 35. Sally took a ph

43、oto of her friends while they _ computer games. A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing36. _ your help, we couldnt catch the thief.A. With B. Under C. For D. Without37. I dont like rainy days. _. Rainy days always make me sad.A. Neither do I B. So do I C. Neither I do D. So I do38. We

44、should try _ much fruit.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats39. If you have difficulty in learning English, you should ask your teacher or your classmates _ help.A. for B. of C. in D. on40. The young should _ the old _ advice at work.A. ask; for B. ask; to C. ask for; / D. asks; /阅读表达：AThe summer holi

45、day is coming, which can be a relaxing time for sleeping, eating good meals and seeing old friends. Try to take some time off from school and spend a few weeks of fun. Here are some ideas for planning your summer holiday.First of all, joining a club is a good choice! You can join a music club, a spo

46、rts club or an art club. Its good for your future development and the teachers in the club can give you good advice.Doing something good for society is also great. There are many volunteer(志愿的) programmes for you to choose from, such as looking after the old or the young, cleaning the streets, plant

47、ing trees or keeping the traffic in order. You know that teens can also make the world better.Have you ever lived with another family? You can join in a programme called “Meeting a New Family”. Two families exchange their children for some time so that they can learn how to get on well with others.S

48、ummer camp is still popular today. An English summer camp may be a good choice. You can not only make friends but also practice your English.任务一：阅读短文，根据文章内容补全所给的五个残缺的句子。每空只填一词1. The writer gives some ideas for _your summer holiday.2. To learn drawing, you can join an _club.3. Teens can make the worl

49、d better by _as volunteers.4. In an English summer camp you can _your English.5. If you are one of the children in the programme “Meeting a New Family”, you _live with you own parents for some time.任务二： 列举The ways to relax in the summer holiday:6. _7. _8. _任务三：翻译文中画线部分：9. _任务四：回答问题:How many pieces o

50、f advice did the writer give us for spending a relaxing summer holiday?10. _B Reading books is a good hobby for all kinds of reasons. First, reading books is fun. You can always keep yourself amused if you like reading. This is especiallyuseful when the weather is bad. (1)It is a relaxing hobby too.

51、 You can really become (2)lost in a book. Next, you can read a book _3_: in a car, in a waiting-room, on a plane, in bed - even in the bath. All you need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and then start again. _4good reason for reading books is that it is useful. (5)If y

52、ou read as a hobby you will get better and better at it. This means that you will read faster and will become better at understanding what you read. As your reading improves, you will probably find your schoolwork becomes much easier. Many school subjects depend on good reading and, as you read, you

53、 learn more and more. Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You have to be able to read to use a computer and, the better you read, the better your computer skills will be. Reading is hardly out of date! Good readers are most likely to be good writers, too. They are usually

54、good at spelling as well, and havemore things to write about. Reading books is a wonderful hobby, one of the best. Noother hobby couldbe more useful, or more enjoyable.1. 用英语解释画线句子（1）中“it”的词义。（不超过3个单词）_2. 根据上下文将画线短语（2）翻译成汉语。_3. 在（3）、（4）处分别填上一个合适的单词（首字母已给出）： （3）a_ (4) A_5. 写出（5）的同义句。_6. 根据文章内容回答问题：Is reading out of date?_7. 根据文章内容填空，每空一词。Good writers are good at not only reading but also _. Reading books is one of the best_. No hobby _could be more enjoyable.