[32084020]【寒假特训】02 轻松驾驭概要写作之记叙文-2022年高二英语寒假特训课程（上海专用）.docx

1、02 轻松驾驭概要写作之记叙文【课程目标】专题知识：针对考试题型，进行系统梳理，感悟解题方法。题型检测：链接考试真题，题型组合练，能力逐个突破。 概要写作之记叙文（一）概要写作的要点 1. 简要性（Conciseness）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. 2. 完整性（Completeness）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a c

2、ondensed manner.3. 准确性（Accuracy）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.4. 连贯性（Coherence）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. 5. 客观性（Objectivity）：Do not in

3、clude your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.（二）记叙文概要写作技巧 记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。1.叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的

4、概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。2. 写人的记叙文（Description）。写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。（三）记叙文概要写作模板 记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how Wh

5、o did what bybecause当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。 课堂典例Summary 1Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Many seniors feel pressured to go straight from high school to c

6、ollege but Camden Olson, who graduated from Latin School of Chicago in the US last year,didnt give in. She decided to spend a gap year raising a guide dog for Guiding Eyes for the Blind in Maine.The nonprofit provides trained guide dogs to blind and visually impaired people.“I can say Im living the

7、dream, Olson said. “This is something Ive always wanted to do.,Taking a year off before college, commonly known as a gap year, is becoming more and more popular among American teenagers. According to a survey by the American Gap Association, enrollment in these programs grew 27 percent between 2012

8、and 2013. Some students use the year off to figure out what they want to do, travel the world, or save money for college.Olson is using her time to pursue a passion shes had since 7th grade. For years, she kept an eye on guide dog services until she came across the opportunity at Guiding Eyes. With

9、support from her friends, family and teachers, Olson went for it.Olsons volunteer work centers around Derby, ,a 1-year-old black dog. “My job is to raise him to be well-mannered and socialized, she said. “Guide dogs have to ignore any distractions. They go everywhere with their visually impaired han

10、dler. They give a blind person a lot of independence and emotional support, too.”Of course, theres an end in sight for Derby and Olsons close bond. When Derby celebrates his own graduation, Olson will have to say goodbye to him.While some look at gap years in a negative light, Olson said shes seen m

11、ajor success. In fact, shell be attending Princeton University this fall and is thinking about majoring in ecology and biology.“I think Im already much more mature than I was and aware of what really matters,” she said. “So many kids do come back from gap years a lot more focused and prepared. ”参考答案

12、：Like many other high school graduates, Olson was determined to take advantage of her gap year to train a guide dog,which was what she longed to do for a long time.(要点 1) Not only did Olson accomplish the task of training Derby to be capable of its workto help people with visual disabilities, (要点 2)

13、 but she herself benefited much from this experience.(要点 3)试题详解一、核心内容本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述Olson决定利用gap year来训练导盲犬,这是她自七年级以来的梦想。Olson选择把这一年的时间用来训练Derby,使它能够胜任导盲犬的工作,给视力障碍人士提供帮 助,而这次经历也有助于她的成长。二、写作思路（1）记叙文是记叙人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。这篇文章以人物为中心叙 述事情。所以我们要交代清楚人物（Camden Olson)、时间（last year after graduating senior

14、school)、事 由（raise a guide dog called Derby),这样文章的脉络就一目了然,有助于概括大意。（2）确定要点,使其结构紧凑,过渡自然。本文要点1是全文的中心,即Olson高中毕业后打算用 gap year来培训导盲犬,这也是她长久的愿望。要点2说明训练的结果,要点3则是Olson从中的收 获。在确定要点后就要运用自己的语言有效地组织。Summary 2Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage a

15、nd how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered

16、 to go water-skiing alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible.The lake seemed broad and endless. I was so thrilled(激动) to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in

17、the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I didnt know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but couldnt find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was

18、so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldnt say a wor

19、d but cried in my fathers arms.【写作指导】根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：Whentwo years agoWherea trip to a big lake in IndonesiaWho“I”, the writerWhatgot lost; was foundWhygo water-skiing alone; too thrilledResultfather came to her rescue列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约60词的通顺概要：【参考范文】The p

20、assage tells us the writers experience of adventure. Once the writer was on a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing alone. She was so excited and enjoyed herself that soon she got lost. Fortunately, her father finally came to her rescue. Summary 3Directions: Read the following passage. Summariz

21、e in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly.I found a line

22、 with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconve

23、nience she had placed on me.But then I watched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then re

24、packaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind.As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadnt been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing ki

25、ndness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger.When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pu

26、shed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employees kindness and patience and how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for

27、such an invaluable lesson.If you are ever in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him.【写作指导】要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。【参考范文】The passage tells us an e

28、xperience of shopping.(要点1)One day，the author with two children went to Target for shopping.(要点2)While waiting in line, she found an old lady was troublesome, but the young employee treated her patiently.(要点3)Seeing that, the author was touched by his kindness and patience and she thought her childr

29、en would learn a lot from this experience.(要点4) 实战演练Summary 1Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Last year my company was bought by a large corporation and most of th

30、e managers lost their jobs. That was when I decided to do something Id always wanted to do become a freelance writer (自由作家).Changing professions has meant that my lifestyle has changed in a number of ways. I work about as much as I did before between 45 and 50 hours a week but my schedule is much le

31、ss fixed than it used to be. Before, I worked from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day, with a few extra hours on weekends. Now, however, 1 work when I feel like it. For instance, sometimes I work until midnight or 2 a.m., then sleep until noon. I really prefer this kind of schedule. While I was working as a

32、 manager, I never exercised. I already felt tired after work, so I just came home in the evening and watched TV. However, last year I joined a health club and began to do regular exercise. As a result I have lost over 10 pounds and I feel much better. Ive also started to eat more healthfully. I used

33、 to eat a lot of fast food, but now I do my own shopping. I buy lots of fruits and vegetables and cook them at home. Of course, not all the changes have been that easy. For example, I dont feel as safe financially as I used to. When I was working as a manager, I never worried much about money. I cou

34、ld always count on getting my paycheck every two weeks. Working freelance, I dont have a regular paycheck. So now I have to make sure that theres enough money until the next check arrives. All in all, I really like my current lifestyle. Of course, that doesnt mean Ill never want to have a “regular”

35、job. But for me, at least, it suits me.【参考范文】 After the author quit his previous job and became a freelance writer, some changes have taken place to his lifestyle. The working schedule becomes more flexible. He has also done more exercises and eaten more healthily. But he is concerned that he might

36、not get regular wages. Anyway, he finds the current lifestyle suitable for him. Summary 2Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Hope Nothing in my life had prepared me f

37、or what I had to do. Choosing my words carefully, and fighting to stay calm, I told my 4-year-old daughter that her grandmother had suffered a stroke（中风），that she was unconscious, and that the doctors said she would probably never wake up. As she moved closer to me, Amelia looked at me, eyes bright,

38、 and said,“Maybe Grandma will be okay.”“Maybe she will,”I said, keeping back the tears, But I knew better. I was flying up to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, from our Florida home in the morning to say good-bye to my mom.The rest of that awful week, I joined my brother and father sitting by my mothers

39、 side in the hospital room. I held her hand and talked to her. I told her that we still needed her. I told her that it wasnt time to leave yet. I told her how much I loved her. And I told her that her little granddaughter, Amelia, believed that shed get better. The doctors, with all their years of t

40、raining and experience, offered no hope for recovery. The damage was simply too extensive.Then, a couple of weeks later, an odd thing happened. Mom woke up. She regained consciousness. Persevered through a long and tough recovery, during which she had to learn to walk, read, and write all over again

41、, and eventually returned home to Dad. The only one who wasnt shocked was Amerlia. The doctors couldnt explain it. Amelia didnt need to. Hope came as naturally to her as breathing.So why are we so afraid to hope sometimes? Maybe its because over the year, lifes disappointments can turn us to disillu

42、sionment（理想破灭）. How many times have you heard someone say:“Hope for the best, expect the worst”?Thats not really hope at all.Hope is being able to look at our world with all of the joy and wonder of a child.【参考范文】Doctors were pessimistic about my mothers stroke while my little daughter, Amelia, full

43、 of hope. I passed on Amelias hope when our family gathered to bid farewell to her in hospital. Incredibly, she recovered and came back home after a period of restoration. Everyone was astonished except Amelia. Hope does bring people in trouble amazement.（55 words）Summary 3Directions: Read the follo

44、wing passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.On a damp, boring, stay-in-house kind of day, I was a 4-year-old artist armed with a new treasure: my own big box of crayons（蜡笔）. Somehow, the usual paper wa

45、snt special enough for these 64 perfect, sweet-smelling sticks of vivid color. I looked around for a bigger canvas（画布）. If only there were hidden walls. Walls like the ones in Mom and Dads closet.Slipping quietly down the hall to the bedroom, I stood on tiptoe to reach the string for the closet ligh

46、t. Words and images filled my mind faster than my hands could make them.A brilliant rainbow was seen on one wall, with a cheery golden sun peeking out from above. Below, a giant shade tree supported a swing for stick-figure children. Around them, flowers bloomed everywhere.My masterpiece! All my ver

47、y own magic! I look in the walls, the colors and the brightness. Joy swelled inside me. But as my creativity wound down, a thought popped up: Ive got to show Mom! Suddenly I was still.Mom called out, “Dinners ready.” After a short time, her footsteps approached, and then finally, the closet door ope

48、ned. I stood nervously in the corner.Mom breathed in sharply, then stood frozen. Only her eyes moved as she slowly looked over my masterpiece. She was quiet for a long, long time. I didnt dare breathe.Finally, she turned to me.“I like it,” she said, “No, I love it! I feel I have a new closet!”Now, 4

49、5 years later, my childhood artwork is still there. And in my own house, the closet walls are masterpieces, too, created by my own daughters when they were little girls.Every time I open a closet door, I remember that, as big as that box of crayons and white walls seemed when I was little, my mother

50、s love was the biggest thing of all. 【参考范文】 One day when i was little, I created a beautiful picture on the walls in parents closet. Although satisfied with it, I couldnt imagine moms reaction. Instead of criticizing me for ruining the closet, mom thought highly of my artwork. Now I understand how much she loves me and I do the same to my children to develop their creativity.