【春季课外拓展】06：三大从句复习 阅读理解之C篇-2022年高二春季课外拓展精品讲义15讲（上海）.docx

1、 第六讲 三大从句复习+阅读C篇 词汇打卡考纲词汇默写061. 慎重的;故意的adj. deliberate2.投递,分送n, delivery3.民主n. democracy4.论证,说明v. demonstrate5.牙医n. dentist6.启程,出发n. departure7.描写,叙述n. description8.绝望n. despair9.甜食,甜点心n. dessert10.目的地,终点n. destination11.装置n. device12.钻石,金刚石n. diamond13.勤勉的adj. diligent14.奖状,毕业文凭n, diploma15.纪律 n. d

2、iscipline16.令人（大为）高兴的是(much) to one s delight17.投递某物给某人deliver sth to sb/ deliver sb sth18. 满足某人对某物的需求meet sbs demand (or the demand of sb) for sth19. 否认做过某事 deny doing sth20. 依靠,取决于depend on /be dependent on21. 把描写成 describe.as22. 应该受到表扬deserve a praise; deserve praising/ to be praised23. 下决心做某事det

3、ermined to do sth/make mind to do sth24. 随着科技的快速发展with the fast/rapid development of science and technology25. 献身于,致力于做实验devote oneself to/ be devoted to doing26. 记日记 keep a diary27. 查词典turn to/refer to/ consult the dictionary28. 生死攸关mean the difference between life and death29. 朝着的方向 in the directi

4、on of30. 做某事有困难have difficulty(in) doing sth1. 展示n.&v. display2. 有区别的,不同的adj. distinct3. 分发;分配vt. distribute4. 打扰,扰乱n. disturbance5. 文件,证件n. document6. 海豚n. dolphin7. 寝室,学生宿舍n. dormitory8. 商业区,中心区n. downtown9. 草稿,草案n. draft10. 龙n. dragon11. 戏剧;剧本n. drama12. 抽屉n. drawer13. 药店;杂货店n. drugstore14. 汤团,饺子

5、n. dumpling15. 收入,收益n. earnings16. 在远处 in the distance17. 区别A与B distinguish A from B18. 把一个国家分成四个时区divide a country into four time zones18. 看医生 see a doctor19. 把钱捐给某人 donate money to sb20. 毫无疑问(句型)There is no doubt( that)21. 由于病倒了 be down with22. 在商业区,在市中心in the downtown area24. 三打鸡蛋 three dozen egg

6、s25. 极大地消耗了能量a great drain on energy26. 正在临近 be drawing near27. 实现某人的梦想 realize one s dream28. 穿着红衣服 be dressed in red/ in red29. 顺路拜访某人drop in on sb/drop at sbs house30. 对置若罔闻 turn a deaf ear to语法微练三大从句复习一、从句关联词1、定语从句定语从句关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词when, where, why2、名词性从句主语从句连接词that, w

7、hether连接代词who, whom, what, which, whose及whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever连接副词when, where, why, how (many/much.), whenever, wherever, however宾语从句连接词that, if, whether连接代词who, whom, what, which, whose及whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever连接副词when, where, why, how (many/much.), whenever, wherever,

8、 however表语从句连接词that, whether, because, as if/as though连接代词who, whom, what, which, whose连接副词when, where, why, how (many/much.)同位语从句连接词that, whether连接代词who, whom, what, which, whose连接副词when, where, why, how (many/much.)3、状语从句状语从句连词时间when, whenever, while, as, after, every/each time, the day, as soon a

9、s, the moment/minute/second, immediately, no sooner . than, hardly/scarcely. when, since, before, till, until, once地点where, wherever, everywhere条件if, unless, as/so long as, in case, on condition that, suppose (that), supposing (that), providing (that), provided (that), given that原因because, since, as

10、, now that, in that, seeing (that), considering (that)让步though, although, even if/though, while, as/though, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh词, whether . or比较asas, not so/asas, than, the morethe more方式as, as if/though, the way目的that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that,

11、lest结果so that, so that, such that二、从句的判断1、首先判断句子为主从复合句，即有从属连词和2个或2个以上谓语动词。如：To improve the traffic in Beijing, the government should encourage more people to use public transport.I got up early but I didnt catch the early bus.What I dont understand is why so many people are addicted to computer game

12、s.2、把从句看作一个整体，判断其在主句中所作成分，若作主语、宾语、表语即为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。What matters most in learning English is enough practice. 主Both of them are wondering whether they are cheated by each other. 宾The question is whether it is worth doing. 表3、若作定语、同位语或状语则需要根据句意来确定。主语名词后有可能是定语从句或同位语从句。句尾名词后有从句可能是定语从句、同位语从句或状语从句。The s

13、uggestion that he put forward is worth considering. 定The suggestion that we read a book every month is worth considering. 同Some children go to a day care center where they learn simple games and songs. 定He has a question whether this is the best time for an operation. 同The car hit the man while he w

14、as crossing the road. 状4、有逗号的只能是非限制性定语从句和状语从句。Edison made a lot of inventions, which I think are of great importance. 定However busy he is, he will spend some time reading every day. 状三、关联词的选用1、定语从句先确定定语从句是否缺主要成分，若缺，用关系代词；若不缺，用关系副词作状语。The town, which thousands of travelers visit every year, is known

15、for its stone bridge and beautiful rivers.In our daily life, we often come across occasion when we have to tell white lies to avoid hurting others.2、名词性从句先确定名词性从句是否缺主要成分，若缺，用连接代词；若不缺，用接连词或连接副词，然后根据句意及是否有疑问来选取关联词。What countries having great difficulties in economy right now need most of all is financ

16、ial aid rather than lecturing.Its not important whether you win or not. What really matters is how you play this game.The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.3、状语从句根据句意确定是哪种状语从句，还可根据空格数量，代入检查后最终敲定。You had better conduct the experiment as your professor have in

17、structed you; otherwise you may fail to complete it.Dont let such an unimportant matter as this come between us so that we can concentrate on the major issue.Although cell phones bring convenience to us in our daily life, they have also caused many social problems.例1. 选择题1. Some people believe that

18、sugar is not healthy for people _ others say that sugar is the best source of energy. 【2019市西期中】A. before B. as C. while D. when2. Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the Chongming Island District?【2019市西期中】A. who B. whos C. which D. whose3. Many people were much impressed by The Wandering

19、Earth _ they saw the countrys first blockbuster set in space.【2019市西期中】A. at the first time B. for the first time C. by the first time D. the first time4. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at _ he thought was a reasonable price.【2020交大附中期中】A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as5. The good situation came at

20、last _ we had been expecting in the past two years.【2020交大附中期中】A. whereB. thatC. whenD. in which6. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _ other more well-informed experimenters failed.【2020交大附中期中】A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where7. The behavior of gases

21、 is explained by _ scientists call the kinetic theory.【2020交大附中期中】A. whatB. thatC. whichD. why8. We will be for _ promises to volunteer to help us solve the puzzling problem. 【2020交大附中期中】A. whoever B. whomever C. no matter who D. no matter whom9. _ she became an artist may have been due to her fathe

22、rs influence.【2019交大附中期中】A. WhyB. ThatC. WhatD. Whether10. _ think of their plan, no one can deny that they are bold and have much imagination.【2020交大附中期中】A. How we mayB. No matter how we mayC. Whatever we mayD. Though we may【答案】CDDCB DAABB例2. 、填空1. My sister spent seven years at Fudan University, _

23、 she studied medicine.2. The president made his last appearance _ his term of office ended.3. This is the third week _ the dustmen havent come for the rubbish.4. That middle-aged man always likes to force his opinions on others _ _ he was a King.5. _ we had expected, the number of the people present

24、 was very large.6. She is no longer the sweet girl _ she used to be.7. A stove communicated heat to our room _ _ we felt warm and comfortable.8. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a holiday with my family.9. _ he is keen on pop music, he never goes to a live event for lack of money.

25、10. After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do.11. The driver and his car _ fell into the river have not yet been discovered.12. In Canada, cross country skiing is a popular sport among people _ _ they can enjoy excitement and adventure.13. _ _ _ Linda walke

26、d into the hall, she was surprised at what she saw.14. Because of financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.15. Youd better take the key _ _ we are out.【答案】1. where 2. before 3. that 4. as if/though 5. As 6. that 7. so that 8. when 9. Although 10. where 1

27、1. that 12. in which 13. As soon as 14. when 15. in case 一、填空1. _ _ you think the judge was unfair, you shouldnt have been so rude.2. What the doctors really doubt is _ my aunt will recover from the serious disease soon.3. There is a rule in our school _ no one is allowed to use mobile phones in cla

28、ss.4. I adore my English teacher because she can always create an atmosphere _ every student feels respected and cared for.5. _ experienced you are, you should never turn a blind eye to others advice.6. Peter has decided to quit his job and go abroad for further study, _ surprised all of us.7. The y

29、oung man _ambition is to be a policeman is always keen on detective stories.8. _ _ you are free this weekend, how about going to the theatre with us?9. _ wants to be a teacher in this key high school must have got a masters degree.10. Mr Harrison often talks about the people and stories _ he came ac

30、ross during his stay in Egypt.11. To be frank, most of and candidates are not satisfied with the way _the election is held.12. As professional athletes, he cant afford to think about enjoying himself; _ he has to think about is winning.13. High _ the cost is, the old church must be saved because of

31、its cultural value.14. _ you watch TV or play computer games, dont disturb me.15. Hopefully, we will get as much latest news _ we need from the Internet.【答案】1. Even if/though 2. whether 3. that 4. where 5. However 6. which 7. whose 8. Now that 9. Whoever 10. that 11. that 12. what 13. as/though 14.

32、Whether 15. as专题精选阅读理解C篇1、细节事实题标志：题干中明确提到时间、地点、人物等细节信息；针对文章中的一句或几句发问；题干和选项之间是因果关系。例1：Clearly, he was a writer who knew how to interest contemporary children. Recognizing that, the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievement

33、s, and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature.58. When did Paul Zindel win the ALAN Prize? A. In 2002. B. In 2003.C. Between 1967 and 1992. D. Between 2002 and 2003. 【解析】细节事实题正确选项特点是：一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意

34、思题干 + 正确选项的信息等于或者约等于原文中某句的信息值。做题的关键在于返回原文，返回原文的方式有： 根据题干中的时间、地点、人物返回原文； 根据出题顺序返回原文（60的准度）；根据题干中的重点词或其同义词返回原文（如名词、动词、形容词，70的准度）；在本题中，迷惑人的手段在于用题干中的 win 来代替文中的 was presented with，考生可以根据题干中的重点词 Zindel 和 ALAN Prize 返回原文，在原文中，可以看出在 2002 年 Zindel被授予 Margaret A 奖项，紧接着又说，在同一年，他被授予了 ALAN Prize 奖项，由此推理，正确答案是 A

35、. In 2002。即，Zindel 获得 ALAN Prize 奖项的时间是在 2002 年。 2词汇题 标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组，要求辨别其意思。例2：Charlottes tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “Weve collected foreign coins for years since our families went on holiday to Tenerife.” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”

36、Lauren continues: “I find a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over. Im in hospital and then I die.” Charlotte adds: “Or she might not die. I havent decided yet.” 60. The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _. A. story B. collectionC. inspiration D. foreign coin 【解析】做题的关键在于

37、：该单词本身并不重要，重要的是该单词的上下，如果该单词认识，并不超出大纲，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案，其正确答案是根据上下文推测的一个更加深刻的含义。要找到正确的词义，关键在于在上下文中寻找同词性的词或词组。如在本题中，根据句式我们可以判断pesetas是一个名词，在pesetas的上下文附近出现了的名词有coin, Euro (欧元)，road等，根据 I find a coin in the road（我在路上发现埋着一枚硬币），可以知道埋在地下的是 pesetas 是硬币之类的东西，所以正确答案是 D.foreign coin. 3句子理解题标志：在题干中明确指出原文中的一句话，要求理

38、解其意思。例3：In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficul

39、ty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discuss

40、ed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United States and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.So the group created an organization called

41、 the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those students being low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by

42、 over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this (理清代词的指代之处) happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wr

43、ong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer progra

44、m follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulties. That way the advisors can try to help students before the problems be

45、come too serious. 【Michigan State began using the computer program】 and 【 it 】has meant a world of difference. Michigan State has not only received useful information from its partners. It has also shared helpful information of its own.Bridget Burns, the executive director for the UIA, says efforts

46、like this have never been as successful. “There are rankings that measure all kinds of things,” Burns said. “But how well you do for low-income students has not historically been highlighted.”58. By “it has meant a world of difference” in paragraph 6, the author means Michigan State _.A. has found t

47、he computer program quite different from theirsB. has discovered the computer program is very difficult to useC. has helped students successfully with the computer programD. has involved more academic advisors in the computer program 【解析】做题的关键在于：返回原文对出题的句子进行上下文分析，要精确理解其涵义；正确答案与原句之间是一种同义关系，可以通过推理得出正确

48、答案。在本题中，在句子 it has meant a world of difference 的上文中说：This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulti

49、es. That way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious.说的是 computer program 的好处，继而 Michigan State began using the computer program，产生的积极的结果是 not only received useful information from its partners. It has also shared helpful information of its own. 注意到设问的主语Michigan

50、State，故而正确的答案只能是has helped students successfully with the computer program。4指代题 标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的指代词，要求辨别其指代关系。常考的指代词有：it，that，this，one，these，those 等。 例4：There are also rules which deal with the standard of services you get from, say, travel agents, shoe repairers, hairdressers and builders. These t

51、ell you what you should expect from any service you pay for. 64The underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refers to “_”. Athe services Bthe workers Cthe goods Dthe rules 【解析】首先返回原文定位该指代词，并且 90向上、10向下搜索其指代的词、词组或句子。然后在四个选项中找出与所找到的词、词组或句子意思接近的一个作为答案。在本题中，我们可以看到原文中these之前的名词有rules, services, travel agen

52、ts, shoe repairers, hairdressers, builders等名词，根据 These tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.(这些使你明白你所得到的付费服务应该达到怎样的水平)的意思，可以知道正确的答案是 D. the rules(制度) 。因为只有制度才能约束服务行为，使服务行为得到保障。 5推理题 标志：推理题一般含有关键词 infer，imply 等。 例5：Under a Canadian government program for multiculturalism, the

53、three students have received two thousand dollars with which they will do a study to find out whether Torontos immigrant businessmen would support an open-air market. They hope the merchants will support the plan strongly. “A study done earlier this year showed that 90 percent of shoppers would be i

54、n favor of it,” Salvatori said. “At first it would be an experiment. But we think it will prove to be good business for the merchants, as well as tourist attraction.”64It can be inferred from the text that the Canadian government supports _.A. the protection of different culturesB. the plan of an op

55、en-air marketC. the request of merchantsD. the attitude of shoppers【解析】推理题干扰项的特点为只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当作间接推理；或者看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，如因果倒手段变目的等，【这是命题人惯用的伎俩！】本题中的B. the plan of an open-air market C. the request of merchants D. the attitude of shoppers 就是根据这些原理设计出来的。做题时可以寻找四个选项中三错一对的关系。如果四个选项中有两

56、个或两个以上的选项都是成立的推理步骤，那么与原文意思接近、所用推理少的选项即是正确答案。本题中找出正确答案的关键是读懂Under a Canadian government program for multiculturalism, the three students have received two thousand dollars.这个句子，试想想，如果加拿大政府不支持对不同文化的保护，能设多元文化保护项目吗？能拨出 2000 美金给学生们从事多元文化的研究吗？所以，答案 A. the protection of different cultures（对多元文化的保护）自然就是正确答案

57、了。 6态度题 标志：考查态度题中的题干一般都含有according to the writer，attitude，believe，consider，regard 等词和短语。 例 6：When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible - and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health. Indeed, research

58、has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite (胃口) and better sleep patterns. “People who forgive show less anger and more hopefulness,” says Dr. Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our system and allow people to

59、feel more energetic.” 66. According to the writer, what is the right way to calm down after being hurt?A. Try to figure out why you get hurt. B. Write a letter to the person who hurt you. C. Persuade yourself to accept what others have done to you.D. Think about pleasant things and forget about the

60、hurt. 【解析】作者态度只分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；除此之外，没有其他的作者态度。 识别作者态度有以下方法：找文中带有感情色彩的名次、动词、形容词、副词；根据作者举的例子判断等。在涉及本题的文段中，反复出现的此是 forgive和 forgiveness (宽容)，因此，不难判断，作者对于受到伤害后解脱的态度是D. Think about pleasant things and forget about the hurt.（多去想想愉快的事情，忘掉别人对你的伤害）。 7判断题 标志：Which of the following statement i

61、s not true/correct/mentioned? All of the following statements are true /correct/mentioned except? 例7：The sandhills still breathed heat from yesterdays sun, though the top of the sand was cool. He ran down to the beach impatiently, but there was no one, just dry sand dancing in the early wind and sea

62、birds marching up and down watching the waves.The light changed suddenly. The first rays of sunlight stretched (延伸) across the sea. The sun was pushing its way over the edge of the world.Over the first rocks, along to the point. Tim glanced back. The beach was still empty. The sun sailed higher in t

63、he sky.He could see the cave now, even darker in the morning light. The sand turned silver than dark gold as the water flowed away from it. He had to force himself to go closer. Why was it so much more mysterious (神秘的) now? But it would be silly to go back now after so much trouble. He neednt go in

64、all the way. 46. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the story? A. The sea looked like a piece of gold. B. Seabirds flew away when Tim arrived. C. Tim was the only person on the beach. D. The sky got dark as Tim reached the cave. 【解析】做这样的题首先应判断是三错一对还是三对一错，所谓“对”是指符合原文，所谓“错”是指和原文有矛盾

65、，或原文未提及；接着每一个选项都应力争返回原文，不能通过印象进行判断。在本题的四个答案中，A. The sea looked like a piece of gold.（大海看起来象一块金字），文中没有提及，文中涉及金子（gold）的句子是 The sand turned silver than dark gold as the water flowed away from it.（海水退去之后，沙滩的颜色变得比黑金更暗），如果不仔细阅读推敲，考生很容易凭印象误选这个答案。答案 B. Seabirds flew away when Tim arrived.（迪姆到达时，海鸟都飞走了）与原文中的

66、 seabirds were marching up and down watching the waves.(海鸟上下飞翔，俯瞰海浪)相矛盾。答案 D. The sky got dark as Tim reached the cave.（当迪姆到达洞穴时，天色暗下来了）与 The sun sailed higher in the sky.（太阳已经高高地升上了天空）相矛盾。原文中的 but there was no one（一个人都没有）, The beach was still empty（海滩上仍然不见人踪）倒是和答案 C. Tim was the only person on the

67、beach.互相印证，所以正确答案可以判定为 C. 8主旨题 标志：best title; main idea; main problem; conclusion; conclude等。 例8：I believe in getting lost. Lost in the text of the novel that is particular to your thoughts and feelings that you consider special. The song that reminds you of your childhood summers, where you close y

68、our eyes and lose yourself reliving a memory; feeling the warm wind brushing against your arm, the smell of the dusty sand that you stir up as you ride your bicycle, murmuring the tune of that song. Like the unprepared Sunday Drive, with no destination. Youre free to wander, take paths that youve ne

69、ver noticed, discover places you havent been. Then falling off on the path to lead you back home, leaving you to test directions and alertly absorb your surroundings in order to find your way back; that kind of lost.I get lost daily; whether its in thought, or the unplanned drive I just decided to g

70、o on. Gettinglost is an adventurous learning experience that trains you how to be more aware of your surroundings. A few of my most favorite memories involve physically getting lost. That one late night trip back to Ludington from Grand Rapids I took with a few friends. We finally realized we were g

71、oing the wrong way when we hit South Haven, almost three hours out of our way. There was also the time where I got lost in the DeVos Place in Grand Rapids after the Presidents Ball and then the parking garage for a solid two hours. I felt like my life was that one scene of an American television sit

72、uation comedy, minus the air conditioner. At the time, these are nervous experiences that get your anxiety pumping. Youre fearful that you wont be safe, but it always works itself out in the end. Physically losing yourself prepares you for how you manage when you emotionally or mentally lose yoursel

73、f.You dont always have to be lost in a literal sense to “get lost” and some of the time, losing yourself may not be a positive experience. There are times where I lose sight of who I am. While lost, I test out metaphorical paths and sometimes they turn out to be the right direction and other times t

74、hey were a wrong turn. I make note of these wrong turns, so I can avoid them further on up the road of finding my way back to who I am.In Walden, Henry David Thoreau wrote “Not till we are lost, in other words not till we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are a

75、nd the infinite extent of our relations.” Getting lost fuels my curiosity and teaches me lessons on finding my way back to the right track. I believe in getting lost through day dreams, a misplacement, adventures, and difficult times where you make discoveries about yourself and the atmosphere aroun

76、d you. In order to truly find yourself, I believe that you should put down the map and get wonderfully lost.59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. I Once Was Lost B. Wonderfully LostC. Physically Getting Lost D. Mentally Getting Lost【解析】要利用宏观阅读技巧（scan skip）做主旨题，既要特别小心首段

77、、末段陷阱，又要重视段首、末段提供的重要信息。具体操作的时候，要注意依据选项、快速与原文核对。在本文中，第一段就开宗明义地点明了文章的主题，亮明了作者的态度：I believe in getting lost；同时注意 believe 的感情色彩；此后注意每一段的句首，作者多次讲到 be/get lost; 末段引用梭罗瓦尔登湖中的名句：Not till we are lost, in other words not till we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are and

78、the infinite extent of our relations.” 所以很容易锁定正确答案是 B；A 是第二段的中心句，作者通过自身经历，说明 get lost 是一种冒险的学习经历，可以教会认识周身环境，进而举了一例 A few of my most favorite memories involve physically getting lost.文章这里首次出现了 physically getting lost，亦不可作为全篇主旨句；D 选项文中并没有对应支撑信息，可轻易排除。阅读C篇Recently, a case of lifeboat ethics occurred. O

79、n Aug. 4, Graham and Sheryl Anley, while boating off the coast of South Africa, hit a rock. As the boat threatened to sink, the husband got off, but his wife was trapped in the boat. Instead of freeing his wife and getting her to shore, Graham grabbed Rosie, their pet dog. With Rosie safe and sound,

80、 Graham returned for Sheryl. All are doing fine.Its great story, but it doesnt strike me as especially newsworthy. News is supposed to be about something fairly unique, and recent research suggests that, in the right circumstances, lots of people also would have grabbed their Rosie first.We have str

81、ange relationships with our pets. We look after our pets with great love and better health care than billions of people receive. We speak to pets with the same high-pitched voices that we use for babies.As an extreme example of our feelings about pets, the Nazis had strict laws that guaranteed the k

82、ind treatment of the pets of Jews being shipped to death camps.A recent paper by George Regents University demonstrates this human involvement with pets to an astonishing extent. Participants in the study were told a situation in which a bus is out o control, bearing down on a dog and a human. Which

83、 do you save? With responses from more than 500 people, the answer was that it depended: What kind of human and what kind of dog?Everyone would save a brother, grandparent or close friend rather than a strange dog. But when people considered their own dog VS people less connected with them - a dista

84、nt cousin or a hometown stranger - votes a favor of saving the dog came rolling in. And an astonishing 40% of respondents, including 46% of women, voted to save their dog over a foreign tourist.What does a finding like this mean? First, it is that your odds arent so good if you find yourself in anot

85、her country with a bus bearing down on you and a cute dog. But it also points to something deeper: our unprecedented attitude toward animals, which got its start with the birth of kind - hearted societies in the 19th century.We prison people who abuse animals, put ourselves in harms way in boats bet

86、ween whales an whalers and show sympathy to Bambi and his mother. We can extend sympathy to an animal and feel its pain like no other species. But lets not be too proud of ourselves. As this study and too much of our history show, were pretty selective about how we extend our kindness to other human

87、 beings.8. Which of the following is true according to the article?A The story of the Anleys and their dog was too unique to be newsworthy.B Most people surveyed choose to save their own dog rather than a human.C. It wa in the 19th century that human beings started to love their pets.D. Human beings

88、 are more and more concerned with animals nowadays.9. What is the function of the first of paragraph?A. To create a relaxing mood for readers.B. To present the theme of this essay straightly.C. To lead in the main topic of this essay.D. To raise problems that will be solved later.10. The author ment

89、ions Nazi laws in the third paragraph _.A. to show how cruel the Nazis were to the JewsB. as an example to persuade people not to love petsC. to illustrate the strange relationship between human and petsD. as an example to display the kindness of the Nazis11. What does the author mainly argue for?A.

90、 Pets are of great significance to us human beings.B. We should rethink about out attitude towards animals and mankind.C. It is kind of human beings to extend kindness to animals.D. We should be selective when showing attitude toward other human beings.【答案】 D C C . B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了一个道德难题，当你的宠物和一个人

91、一起落难，你会先救哪个？研究表明不少人会倾向于前者，人类对于宠物的同情心似乎过甚，相反对于同类却往往选择性地产生同情。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段前三句“We have strange relationships with our pets. We look after our pets with great love and better health care than billions of people receive. We speak to pets with the same high-pitched voices that we use for babies.”可知，我们

92、和我们的宠物有着奇怪的关系。我们用极大的爱照顾我们的宠物，而且它们比数十亿人得到的更好的医疗保健。我们用和婴儿说话一样的高音和宠物说话。即人类对宠物的态度是史无前例的，越来越关心，越来越重视。故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Its great story, but it doesnt strike me as especially newsworthy. News is supposed to be about something fairly unique, and recent research suggests that, in the right circumstance

93、s, lots of people also would have grabbed their Rosie first.”可知，在第一段讲述的故事后，作者表示这并没有新闻价值，因为这种事并不显特别，从而引出近期的一项研究，把话题转入了人类对于宠物的态度上，即引出了文章主题。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“We have strange relationships with our pets.”可知，我们和我们的宠物有着奇怪的关系。再根据“As an extreme example of our feelings about pets, the Nazis had stri

94、ct laws that guaranteed the kind treatment of the pets of Jews being shipped to death camps.”作为我们对宠物感情的一个极端例子，纳粹有严格的法律，保证犹太人被送往死亡集中营时，他们的宠物会受到善待。由此判断出这里列举出就连纳粹也会善待犹太人的宠物。就是在说明人类和宠物之间的奇怪关系。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We can extend sympathy to an animal and feel its pain like no other species. But lets

95、not be too proud of ourselves. As this study and too much of our history show, were pretty selective about how we extend our kindness to other human beings.”可知，作者指出人类对于宠物有着极强的同情心，但是在面对同类时却是有选择地作出同情，显然作者认为这是不合理的，需要进行反思的。由此判断出作者的主要观点是我们应该重新思考我们对待动物和人类的态度。故选B项。【2020徐汇区期末】(C)“Time,” says the proverb, “i

96、s money”. This means that every moment well spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either turn out some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to ena

97、ble us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. Our life is nothing more than our time. To kill time is therefore a form of suicide. We are shocked when we think of death, and we spare no pains, no trouble, and no expense to preserve life. But we are too often indifferent to the loss of an h

98、our or of a day, forgetting that our life is the sum total of the days and of the hours we live. Our life is a brief period measuring some seventy or eighty years in all. But nearly one third of this has to be spent in sleep; some years have to be spent over our meals; some in making journeys on lan

99、d and voyages by sea; some in merry making. Now if all these years were to be deducted (扣除) from the term over which our life extends, we shall find about twenty or thirty years at our disposal for active work. Whoever remembers this can never willingly waste a single moment of his life. All time is

100、 precious, but the time of our childhood and of our youth is more precious than any other portion of our existence, for those are the periods when we can acquire knowledge and develop our capacities. If we allow these morning hours of life to slip away, we shall never be able to recover the loss. Ju

101、st as money laid out at interests doubles and trebles itself in time, so the precious hours of childhood and youth, if properly used, will yield us incalculable advantages.59. According to the author, which of the following is right? A. A day or an hour wasted is so much life lost. B. We shouldnt sp

102、end one third of our life sleeping C. Merry making is something unnecessary in our life. D. We have less than twenty or thirty years to do active work60. What is the best title for the passage? A. Time is money B. The value of time C. How we spend our time D. The morning hours of life61. In the last

103、 paragraph, the author warns that _. A. one must do his best to acquire knowledge and develop its ability when young B. young people must deposit enough money to make large interests in the future C. the morning hours are important for the young and shouldnt be wasted D. the time of childhood and yo

104、uth should be used to acquire countless advantages. 【答案】ABA能力提升练一、翻译1. 任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。(punish)2. 尽管很危险，我还是设法游过了那条河。(as)3. 这次面试要求太高以至于大部分人都未能通过。(So, fail)4. 这位老板对待员工的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。(way)5. 据报道，政府将增加预算用于禁止在公共场所吸烟的行为。(It)6. 坦白说，汤姆扩展业务的计划是否会成功还要拭目以待。(remain)7. 我实在不明白为什么那些过着相当富裕生活的人整天满腹牢骚。(complain)8. 虽然这种产品

105、有利环保，但因其价格昂贵，几乎无人问津。(in favor of)【答案】1. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.2. Dangerous as it was, I managed to swim across the river.3. So demanding was this interview that most people failed to pass it.4. The way the boss treated his employees left a deep impression on me.5. It is reported

106、 that the government will increase the budget to ban the behavior of smoking in public environment.6. To be frank, whether Toms plan to expand business will succeed remains to be seen.7. I really dont understand why those who live a quite wealthy life are complaining all day.8. Although this product

107、 is in favor of environmental protection, few people show interest in/would like to buy it because of its high price.二、十一选十Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. contribute B. flows C.

108、fundamental D. lays E. notes F. outline G. reflect H. respectively I. shared J. serve K. uncertainty Leadership Traits (特质)My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to _31_ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnersh

109、ips. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leadersboth men and womenalways demonstrate three _32_ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthus

110、iasm for _33_ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and _34_ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement. Compassion (共情)You cant forget that organizational success _35_ from the he

111、arts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as youd like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal _36_ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to

112、thanks and praise, you must also understand peoples needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and _37_ to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of _38_, employees long for clarity. As a leader, you wont always have

113、 all of the answersno one expects you toso you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and _39_ the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions. Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening thes

114、e three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to _40_, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success. 【答案】G C I D B E A K F J三、概要写作Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of

115、 the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【2020金山期中】Take Care of Your Spine（脊柱）The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric sign

116、als from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, its important to take care of it. Maintaining your god posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves

117、. Posture comes into play even when youve asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isnt comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day. Exercise is also an importa

118、nt factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long even if your posture is good can be hard on your back. Especially if you work a desk most of the day, its important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift in

119、to better positions. Strength exercise with light weights or body weight exercise like pushups can also by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, dont overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine. Your diet also affects the health of your spine becau

120、se many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement (补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but its also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some o

121、f those back exercise outside. 【参考答案】Central to health, your spine needs your good care. First, keep a good posture, including standing or sitting straight and sleeping on your side in a comfortable bed. Second, avoid keeping a same posture for long and take proper exercise to relax and strengthen spine muscles. Third, have a diet with enough vitamins for healthy bones and nerves.