专题 08 英美文化阅读理解专项：美国住房 美国驾驶车辆 英国网购-2024年高考英语常考英美文化阅读专练 素材积累.docx

1、18. American Houses美国人的住房American houses usually have private kitchens, a living room and sometimes separate areas for eating and watching television. A house usually has its own mailbox, a yard with plants or perhaps a lawn, and a place to store garbage out of sight. A bungalow is a small house wit

2、h one or two bedrooms and usually one bathroom.A mansion is a real big house with many bedrooms and several bathrooms.A ranch house usually has three or four bedrooms. The master bedroom for the mother and father usually has its own bathroom. An apartment is usually one living space within a buildin

3、g. Several apartments can be in the same building, with a shared yard, parking spaces, and garbage. A town house is a two-floor apartment. The kitchen, living room and dining room are usually on the first floor and the bedrooms are on the second floor. A studio apartment may have a separate kitchen,

4、 but the living room is also the bedroom! A condominium, or condo for short, is an apartment that is owned by the occupant, not the building owners.Most Americans are happy to talk about their homes. And if theyve done anything special in their home, theyll let you know what it was, and maybe tell y

5、ou what it cost to put in the Jacuzzi, deck or patio, etc. Most Americans live in cities, but nearly as many live in suburbs. Suburban American has shopping centers called malls and residents usually need a car to get around. Most of the houses in the suburbs are one or two stories tall, with privat

6、e yards and gardens and garage. There are few tall buildings in the suburbs. Cities have neighborhoods, warehouse stores, and public transportation (buses, trains and taxis) is usually pretty good. Private houses might only have a back yard, and if there is a garage it probably is small. Cities have

7、 a lot of apartment buildings and some tall buildings may seem to scrape the sky, so they are called skyscraper. （333 words）Helper:bungalow (有凉台的)平房; 别墅 mansion宅第，公馆 ranch牧场式平房住宅 master bedroom主卧室 apartment公寓套房 garbage垃圾 studio apartment一室公寓房 condominium kndminim一套公寓房间occupant居住者 Jacuzzi极可意水流按摩浴缸（商标

8、名称）deck露天平台 patiop:tiu露台，天井(庭院)scrape刮擦 Exercises:从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。1. Supposing you are just a student studying in the USA, you are likely to rent _ to live in.A. a bungalow B. a mansion C. a condominium D. a studio apartment2. In a two-floor apartment, _is usually on the second floor.A. the k

9、itchen B. the dining room C. the bedroom D. the living room3. Most of the houses in the suburbs are _.A. tall buildings B. one or two-storied buildings C. apartment buildings D. mansions4. The underlined words in the last paragraph probably refer to _.A. interesting things happening in the familyB.

10、several kinds of food the family enjoyC. equipment which can make the home more comfortableD. the most valuable things belonging to the family5. According to the passage, we know that _.A. most Americans like to talk about their homes B. fewer tall buildings in cities than in suburbs C. more America

11、ns live in cities than in suburbsD. it is not so convenient to live in the suburbs Brief Introduction:美国住房通常有私人厨房，一个起居室，有时吃饭和看电视的地方是分开的。一所房子通常有自己的邮箱，一个种有植物，或者也许是草坪的院子，还有存放垃圾的地方。 住房的主要类型有平房、宅第、牧场式平房、公寓套房、城镇住房、公寓房等。个人购置的公寓套间为居住者所有，而不是大楼的主人。 大部分美国人乐意谈论他们的住宅。如果他们在家里做了什么特殊的事，他们会告诉你是什么事，也许会告诉你安装极可意水流按摩浴缸、

12、露天平台或露台等花了多少钱。 大部分美国人住在城市，但住在郊区的人也不为少。美国郊区有购物中心，称做mall（步行商业区），而居民通常需要有一部车去购物。郊区大部分住房都是一两层高，有私人庭院、花园和车房。郊区很少见到高建筑物。城市有居民小区、仓储商店，公共交通（公共汽车、火车和出租车）通常也很不错。私人住宅也许只有一个后院，要是有车房，车房也不会大。城市有许多公寓楼，一些高层建筑就像是触摸天空，因此称作摩天大楼。 Keys and Explanations: 1-5 DCBCA1. 选D。推理判断题。根据学生的身份，所租房屋应该比较小，因此，a studio apartment“一室小型公寓

13、房间”最合适，故选D。2.选C。细节理解题。根据第六段的描述可找到答案。3.选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段第五句可以判断出答案。4.选C。推理判断题。根据全篇内容描述的是美国人的住房这一中心，此处提到的很显然也是和房子相关的东西，故选C。5.选A。综合判断题。根据最后一段内容可排除BCD，再依据本段第一句可知答案A。19. Driving in American 行车在美国 Always be careful to never miss your exit. If you miss your exit, do not stop and never back up on the highway.

14、 Get off the highway at the next exit and look for signs showing you how to rejoin the road in the other direction. Freeways have emergency call boxes at regular distances from where you can report an emergency or a breakdown. All freeways have right-most lane demarcated as the break-down lane. Stop

15、 your car in that lane. Never drive in that lane. In case your car breaks down on a freeway, if you have a mobile phone call 911. You can also open the bonnet of the car and wait for someone with cell phone to report your emergency. This is common and if you have a cell phone and see such a site, yo

16、u too should call 911 and report it. You can also carry a large sign that says, “Call PoliceSend help “in case of a breakdown. Alcohol can only be transported in the boot of the car, because it is illegal to carry it in the car cabin. It goes without saying that you can not drink alcohol while drivi

17、ng. Traffic laws are set by states and regions, but in general the interstate speed limit around the country ranges from 55 to 65 miles per hour. The speed limit in cities is usually set between 25 and 30 miles per hour. Speeding is a serious offence resulting in high fines. You should always carry

18、with you your local license along with IDP when driving in a foreign country. If you live in a region where it snows, do keep the snow shovels to be kept in cars, along with a torch, a blanket, spare gloves, etc. These come handy if the car breaks down during cold nights on highways or if one needs

19、to change the flat tire. You should, at least once, change the tire of your car during day time as a practice drill. This will help you in gaining some confidence and you dont find it difficult when you actually are stuck in such a situation. If you have met with an accident, dont panic. Relax. The

20、worst is over. Take the license, insurance details of persons involved, and witnesses. Call the police and dont leave that spot till a cop arrives. Keep your insurance details (your insurance number and phone of the company you are insured with) in the car. AAA (called triple A) is a very active org

21、anization for the road safety and trip planning. They provide lots of other facilities too. Being a member of AAA is a good option especially for new comers who are very comfortable getting around. （455 words）Helper:exiteksit, -zit出口 rejoin 使再接合, 重返(队伍等) emergency紧急情况lane车道 demarcatedim:keit划定界线 bon

22、net bnit车盖 boot行李箱 illegal违法的 car cabin驾驶室range from从.到.变动 offence过错，冒犯 local license国内驾驶执照 IDP国际驾驶许可证 shovels vl铲子 torch t:t手电筒option pn 选择(权), 可选物 facilityfsiliti设施，设备IDP: International Driving PermitAAA: American Automobile Association 美国汽车协会 Exercises:从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。1. If your car breaks

23、 down on a freeway，you can do the following EXCEPT_.A. you can call 911 for help B. you can call AAA for helpC. you can use an emergency call box to call for help D. you can set up a large sign that says, “Call PoliceSend help”2. You will be fined when you drive if you _.A. are carrying some alcohol

24、 in the boot of the car B. you are driving at the speed of 45 miles per hour in a city C. you miss your exit and back up on the highwayD. carry with you your local license along with IDP as a foreigner3. The right-most lane on the freeway is used _.A. for you to repair your car B. for you to drive f

25、asterC. for people to walk D. to fill up your car4. In case an accident happens, as a driver, you should above all _.A. keep calm B. find the witnesses C. call the police D. keep your insurance details5. As a good driver, _.A. you should practice changing the tire of your car at least once a dayB. y

26、ou are supposed to remember to keep the snow shovels in your car all the timeC. you can drink alcohol while driving without an accidentD. you will help a driver who opens the bonnet of the carBrief Introduction: 美国普通中学都把驾驶作为必修课，每个学生在中学二年级时，必须学习。驾驶课通常在夏季开设，分两部分：一是课堂时间，即学习有关交通法规，以通过笔试；二是实习时间，学生要练习汽车的实

27、际驾驶技能。每个学生必须进行6小时的实习。当学生们通过了驾驶课并且到了可以驾驶的合法年龄（各州对年龄的规定不同，但通常须满16周岁）时，他们就可以去各州指定的办公机构参加驾驶员资格考试，考试包括视力检查、笔试和路试。本文提供了在美国驾车的综合提示。 时刻注意不要在高速公路上错过了出口，但是如果你错过了，也不要停下来，更不要倒回去，寻找那些能告诉你如何从另一个方向再上高速公路的指示牌。在高速公路上，每隔一段距离都会有应急电话，当出现紧急情况或机械故障时，可及时报告，所有的高速公路都将最靠右的车道划为停车道，车可以停靠在那里，但不要在那条车道上行使。 车抛锚了，如果有移动电话，你可拨打911；你也

28、可以打开车盖，等有手机的人来打电话报告事故，这很常见，而且如果你有手机，看到这种情况时也应打911 报告，你也可以随车携带写有“打电话叫警察来帮忙”的大牌子，以防车子出问题。 酒精类饮料只能装在行李箱里，因为放在驾驶室内是违法的。毫无疑问，你不能一边开车一边喝酒。交通法规是由各个州和各个地区制定的。一般整个美国的州际高速公路上车速限制为55-65英里，城市里的车速限制是每小时25-30英里。超速行驶是严重的违规行为，会被严重罚款。 在国外开车时，你应该随身携带你的国内驾驶执照和国际驾驶许可证。 如果你住的地方经常下雪，务必在行驶时带上雪铲、手电（最好装有警戒灯）、毛毯、备用手套等东西以应急。寒

29、冷的夜里，当车在公路上抛锚或需要换车胎时，这些东西用得着。白天的时候，你至少得练习换胎一次，这样，遇到此种情况时才会有自信，从而轻而易举地解决问题。如果你遇到车祸，不要惊慌，保持镇定，最糟的时刻已经过去了。准备好你的驾照、个人保险材料，并找到目击者，然后打电话报警。在警察到来以前，不要离开现场。在车里随时带着你的保险材料，包括投保号、投保公司的电话号码等等。 美国有一个非常管用的公司三A公司。专门从事公路安全和旅程安排事宜，他们也提供很多其他服务。成为三A公司的会员是一个很好的选择。尤其对那些喜欢外出的初来乍到者来说更是如此。Keys and Explanations: 1-5 BBAAD1.

30、 选B。细节理解题。从第三段可以看出当车坏在路上时最好的办法是拨打911,即A选项；第二段提到可以使用应急电话（即C选项）或放置随车携带写有“打电话叫警察来帮忙”的大牌子(即D选项)以引起别的司机的注意，通常他们会替你拨打911；选项B提到的AAA在最后一段，它是提供公路安全和旅程安排等的综合性服务公司，不是用来处理公路上的突发事件。2. 选B。综合判断题。根据第四段第一句可排除A；答案C（第一段中）所讲的是错误做法但不会遭致惩罚，只会给自己带来麻烦；答案D（第五段中）在异国驾驶要随身携带你的国内驾驶执照和国际驾驶许可证；根据四段between 25 and 30 miles per hour

31、可知城市里的车速限制是每小时25-30英里，超速行驶会被罚款。3. 选A。细节理解题。根据第二段可以得出答案。4. 选A。细节理解题。从倒数第二段可以判断出正确答案。 5. 选D。综合判断题。根据倒数第三段可知更换轮胎并不是要天天练习，故排除选项A；根据倒数第三段可知只有在寒冷的天气里才需要备铲子，排除B；第四段提到开车期间不能饮酒，故排除C；从第三段可知出现紧急情况时司机如果没带手机可以通过打开车盖让别的司机报警，故选D。20. Online Shopping 网上购物With only two weeks to go before Christmas, for a lot of peopl

32、e buying presents is the first thing to do. However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to browse around the shops. These days lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the internet. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for

33、a number of reasons; prices are often lower online, you dont have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.Computer trends are often male-dominated but this year women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men. It se

34、ems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be.Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to 240 (3360 Yuan) compared to the slightly lower average of 233 for men, while the average spend per person on the high street is only 197. 70% of In

35、ternet users, male and female, are now buying their Christmas gifts online.In the past a lot of people were unwilling to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet but as shopping online has become more widespr

36、ead, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of Internet users still do have security worries but it hasnt slowed down the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers.One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. Christmas trading can represent up to 60% of turnover for some stores

37、. Many companies are concerned that not enough shoppers are coming through their doors in the run-up to Christmas. As a result there are lots of special offers in the shops.Most shops traditionally have sales after Christmas but this year the bargains have come early in an attempt to attract consume

38、rs. (328 words)Helper:browsebrauz浏览 to queue up 排队 male-dominated 由男性主宰的 the high street 主要商业街 reliabilityri.laibiliti可靠性ever-increasing 不断增长的 boom 繁荣 turnover 营业额 the run-up 即将到来之际 special offers 特价Brief Introduction:圣诞节之前的十多天内，人们优先考虑的事情就是买礼物。今年逛商店买礼物的人就没有往年多，因为很多人选择了网上购物。网上购物有诸多好处，而且女士们也被网上购物吸引了。过

39、去很多人担心网上购物的安全性，虽然现在仍有人担心，但是网上购物越来越受到人们的喜爱。 Exercises:从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。1. A lot of people are busy with shortly before Christmas.A. queuing up B. leaving their homes C. buying presents D. becoming more popular2. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons except .A

40、. prices are often lower online B. more men are buying more than womenC. you can buy almost any product imaginable D. you dont have to wait for turn3. It seems that usually prefer online shopping.A. men B. women C. children D. students4. In the past a lot of people didnt like online shopping because

41、 .A. prices were higher B. they liked leaving their homesC. they were often cheated D. they were afraid it was unsafe or unbelievable5. The passage suggests .A. the high street is the only place for online shoppersB. queuing up will not exist any longerC. more and more people prefer to shop onlineD.

42、 none of the online shoppers have security worriesKeys and Explanations:1-5 CBADC1. 选C。人们在圣诞节即将来临之时正在忙着什么事，在文章第一段第一句就说到buying presents是最优先考虑的事情。2. 选B。细节理解题。由第二段得知网上购物越来越受欢迎，其原因是“prices are often lower online”, “you dont have to queue up in busy shops”, “you can buy almost any product imaginable”，只有B

43、项没提到。故选B。3. 选A。细节理解题。由第三段第一句话Computer trends are often male-dominated but this year women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men.可知“男士常常是网上购物的主宰者”，但是“今年网上购物的女士有望多于男”。4. 选D。细节理解题。由第五段第二句话“many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the internet and the reliability of the internet”可知人们担心在网上填写银行卡资料的安全性和网上购物的可靠性。故选D。5. 选C。推理判断题。“high street”不是网上购物场所，而是逛商店的地方，故排除A；仍有人逛街购物，因此还会有人排队，故排除B；由第五段最后一句话“45% of internet users still do have security worries”可知D项不正确。本文说女性上网购物的人数增加，与男性比较是多了，但是并没有男性网上购物的人数下降，所以整体上看是都上升了，故选C。