专题03 阅读理解议论文-五年（2016~2020）高考英语真题分项详解（浙江）.docx

1、五年（20162020）浙江省高考英语试题分项解析03阅读理解议论文1.（218年6月，浙江高考）As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month

2、. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represente

3、d what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoove

4、r imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrialThe cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological di

5、saster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that

6、 the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To explai

7、n Americans love for travelling by car.B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.2.What has the use of cars in America led to?A.Decline of economy. B.Environmental problems.C.A shor

8、tage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society.3.What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful. D.Tolera【答案】1.B 2.B 3.C【解析】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。1. 推理判断题。根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting

9、 aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知，现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知，美国汽车的迅速发展，导致全球生

10、态灾难，也就是造成环境问题。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy（经济） is a chance to keep American strength.可见，Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色经济是保持美国实力的一个机会的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。2.（2017年11月，浙江高考） There are energy savings to be mad

11、e from all recyclable materials, sometimes huge savings. Recycling plastics and aluminum, for instance, uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting（提炼）aluminum.Long before most of us even noticed what we now call the environment, Buckminster Fuller said, Pollution is noth

12、ing but the resources（资源）we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because weve been ignorant of their value. To take one example, lets compare the throwaway economy（经济）with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.Say your cat weigh 5kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empt

13、y can of its food weights 40g. In a throwaway economy, you would throw away 5,475 cans over the cats 15-year lifetime. Thats 219kg of steel-more than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cats weight.In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them ove

14、r and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, wed have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cats lifetime-and well still have 100 left over for the next cat.Instead of using up 219kg of steel, weve use

15、d only 6kg. And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, weve also achieved the following significant savings: in energy use-47% to 74%; in air pollution-85%; in water pollution-35%; in water use-40%.4.What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution?A.It is be

16、coming more serious.B.It destroys the environment.C.It benefits the economy.D.It is the resources yet to be used.5.How many cans will be used up in a cats 15-year lifetime in a recycling economy?A.50B.100C.150D.2506.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To promote the idea of recycling.B

17、.To introduce an environmentalist.C.To discuss the causes of pollution.D.To defend the throwaway economy.【答案】4.D 5.C 6.A【解析】本文首段点明主旨：回收利用可大大节约资源，并引用伟大建筑师富勒的话和养猫喂食的例子肯定循环经济的价值所在。4.事实细节题。根据第二段Buckminster Fuller的话：Pollution is nothing but the resources we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left ar

18、ound because weve been ignorant of their value. 可知，他认为污染只不过是我们没有收获的资源。由于我们对它们的价值一无所知，因此让它们白白浪费。故选D。5.事实细节题。根据第四段But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cats lifetime 可以推断出，循环经济下，要养活一只存活15年的猫需要用掉150个罐。故选C。6.写作目的题。文章通过养猫喂食的例子，用数字对比了循环经济和一次性经济消耗资源的不同结果，目的是推广回收利用的理念。故选A。3.（2017年6月，浙江高考） Getti

19、ng less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-ye

20、ar-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But

21、the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with mo

22、re homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can zxxk get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing l

23、evels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they us

24、ed to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.7.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids sleeping habits.B.Teenagers sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to pr

25、event sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.8.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.9.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite t

26、hem.C.They follow their parents examples.D.They dont need to go to school early.【答案】7.A 8.C 9.B【解析】这是一篇议论文。首先用数据告诉我们美国孩子睡眠状况堪忧，接着告诉我们孩子在不同年龄段需要不同的睡眠时间，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介绍了一些学校为了让孩子们有更多的睡眠时间而推迟了上课的时间。7.细节理解题，根据第一段“According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18

27、 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.”可知，第一段向我们说明美国有51%的10到18岁的孩子上床睡觉的时间偏晚，也调查了60%的7到12岁的孩子在白天感到

28、疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查都是关于美国孩子的睡眠习惯的。故选A项。8.细节理解题，根据第二段“For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal”可知，11岁的上学小孩子的睡眠时间需要10个小时，故选C项。9.细节理解题，根据第三段“She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep”,可知， Carskadon说，睡前的这些活动会让孩子们兴奋不已，让他们难以平静

29、下来入睡。所以 Carskadon认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动。故选B项。4.（2016年10月，浙江高考）Digital technology - email and smart phones especially - have vastly improved workers ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, accordi

30、ng to findings of a new survey (调查) of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesnt accept it and only 35 percent say its tolerated. Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts re

31、inforced (加深)by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say theyve watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely, while 35 percent have done housework，and 28 percent have cooked dinner. It is true, however，that working at home makes people much more efficient (高效的)， because it allow

32、s workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. Its much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush. The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we havent come as a

33、 society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker. More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who havens worked remot

34、ely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.28. Why do some employers hesitate to allow remote working?A. They fear l

35、osing control of their workers.B. They want to stick to their routine practice.C. They have little trust in modem technology.D. They are used to face-to-face communication.29. What seems to be most workers attitude toward remote working?A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Reserved. D. Disapproving.30. Wha

36、t does the author suggest smart firms do?A. Shorten their office hours.B. Give employees a pay raise.C. Adopt flexible work patterns.D. Reduce their staffs workload.【答案与解析】28. A推理判断题根据第段中的most bosses are doubtful about remote working以及第二段可知，一些老板不愿意让员工远程办公是因为他们对此事持怀疑态度，认为员工会做-些与工作无关的事情，掌控不了员工。29. B推理

37、判断题根据最后一段中的Sixty-four percent of those survey participants whohavent worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day aweek working from home.可知，调查显示:从未远程办公的被调查者中有64%的人为了能每周有一天在家办公宁愿放弃-一些奖金，由此可以推断大部分人是支持在家办公的。30. C事实细节题根据最后一-段中的smart firms need to find ways to let their employees haveenough flexibility to manage their time efficiently可知，作者建议公司采取灵活的办公模式。