专题04  语法-2023-2024学年五年级英语寒假专项提升（外研版三起）.docx

1、2023-2024学年五年级英语寒假专项提升（外研版三起）专题四 语法复习指引语法知识一：一般过去时一般过去时的概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year,yesterday等。例：I saw him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。一般过去时的结构：1. 肯定形式：主语+动词过去式+其他例：She often came to help us in those days.2. 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。例：I didnt know you

2、like coffee.3. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+谓语动词原型+其他?Was/Were+主语+表语?例：-Did you go to Beijing last week?-Yes,we did.(No,we didnt.)4. 一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?例：-What did you do last night?-I did my homework.语法知识二：规则动词过去式变化规则一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节(

3、辅元辅结构),先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i,然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。语法知识三：There be句型There be句型的用法：表示某个地方存在某物或某人，Be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。(单数is复数are)例：There is a table in the room.房间里有一张桌子。There are some birds in the tree.树上有很多鸟。一、There be句型的结构1.常见句型结构：(一)There is+单数可数+地点状语例：There is a rule

4、r on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。(二)There are+复数主语+地点状语例：There are four apples on the tree.树上有四个苹果。There are some flowers in the park.公园里有许多花。(三)there is +不可数名词+地点状语(即使有some也是单数)例：There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。(水是不可数名词)2.There be选择就近原则：There be句型的就近原则是There be句型中语法项目的重点考点。There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由最挨近的

5、一项的单复数决定。如：There is a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk.(解读：在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen,因此，be动词用单数is。)二、There be句型的疑问句及回答(一)There be句型的一般疑问句1.在“There is/are”的一般疑问句中，要把Be动词放在there之前，并将句号变问号。 (难点：句中出现的some要改成any。)2.肯定回答为：Yes,there is/are.3.否定回答为：No,there isnt/arent.(二)There be句型的特殊疑

6、问句There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：对主语提问：当主语是人时，用Whos+介词短语?;当主语是物时，用Whats +介词短语?。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式，回答时却要根据实际情况来决定。对地点状语提问：提问地点用Where is/are+主语?对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?例：How many people are there in the picture?How much water is there in the

7、 bottle ?三、There be句型的否定形式否定形式只要在be动词后面加not即可，is not =isnt;are not=arent但要注意的是句中如果出现some则改成any.1.肯定：There is a knife in the kitchen.否定：There is not a knife in the kitchen.2.肯定：There are five apples on the tree.否定：There are not five apples on the tree.3.肯定：There is some water in the bottle.否定：There i

8、s not any water in the bottle.4.肯定：There are some birds singing in the tree.否定：There are not any birds singing in the tree.语法知识四：情态动词一、情态动词的定义：情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化；它的后面必须跟动词原形。二、小学阶段需要掌握的知识点：1.can,could(过去式)Can +主语+动词原形?1)表示能力。Can you dance?你会跳舞吗?Can you speak English?你会讲英语

9、吗?注：Can只有一般现在时和一般过去时。2)表示请求和允许。-Can l go play? 我可以去玩吗?-Yes,you can./No,you cant.3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。There can be at least 50 people in this classroom.4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?How can this be true?2.may,might1)表示请求和允许。 might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt,表示“不可以，禁止”。-

10、Might/May I smoke in this room?我可以在这吸烟吗?-No,you mustnt.不，不可以。-May/Might I take this book out of the room?-Yes,you can.(No,you cant/mustnt.)用May l?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can l?在口语中更常见。2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1.He may /might be very busy now.2.Your mother ma

11、y /might not know the truth.3.mustMust +主语+动词原形?1)表示必须、必要。例：You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt(禁止，不准),而用neednt,dont have to(不必).-Must we hand in our exercise books today?-Yes,you must.-No,you dont have to /you neednt.2)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)1.Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what

12、he likes best.2.Your mother must be waiting for you now.4.should,shouldnt表示劝告：Should +主语+动词原形?Should +主语+动词原形?1.He should get up early.2.You should go to class right away.5.Would表示建议“你愿意吗”-Would you like to go shopping with me?-Yes,Id love to./Id love to.But Im busy now.真题回顾一、选择题。( )1（22-23上山东聊城五年级校

13、考期末）I _ my ice cream on your shoes yesterday. AdropBdropedCdropped( )2（22-23上海南省直辖县级单位五年级统考期末）What did you do _ the weekend? AofBinCat( )3（22-23上海南省直辖县级单位五年级统考期末）I _ my pencil. Can I use your pencil, Lingling? AlostBneedClike( )4（22-23上海南省直辖县级单位五年级统考期末）Did you buy _ apples for your brother, Xiaolin?

14、 Yes, I did. He likes apples very much.AsomeBaCany( )5（22-23上四川雅安五年级统考期末）Are you feeling bored? _AYes, she is.BNo, she isnt.COf course not.( )6（22-23上四川雅安五年级统考期末）Lingling _ football. Agood atBis good atCis good( )7（22-23上四川雅安五年级统考期末）They _ there at ten oclock yesterday. AarrivingBarrivesCarrived( )8

15、（22-23上宁夏固原五年级校考期末）My grandma bought a new book _ me. AwithBforCof( )9（22-23上河南周口五年级统考期末）The little boy cant walk. _ father helps _. AHe; himBHis; hisCHis; him( )10（22-23上河南周口五年级统考期末）You are good _ basketball. AatBonCin二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。11（22-23上山东德州五年级统考期末）He wants (be) in the football team.12（22-23上山

16、东德州五年级统考期末）He cant (drive) a car.13（22-23上山东德州五年级统考期末）Did you (meet) John in the park?14（22-23上江苏淮安五年级统考期末）Please (sit) here.15（22-23上河南洛阳五年级洛阳市第二外国语学校校联考期末）A cat can climb trees and catch . (mouse)16（22-23上河南平顶山五年级统考期末）My grandma is ill in hospital. Now I am (feel) sad.17（22-23上河南平顶山五年级统考期末）Linglin

17、g is very good at basketball. She can (catch) the ball well.18（22-23上山西临汾五年级统考期末）All of them are dancing (happy).19（22-23上山西临汾五年级统考期末）He can catch the ball (good).20（22-23上山西临汾五年级统考期末）Look! He (hide) behind the door.三、（22-23上山东聊城五年级校考期末）Sam给我们出了一道有趣的题，找朋友！你能找到正确的答语吗？ANo, she isnt. BI lost my new rul

18、er.CYes, he can. DOne kilo. EShe went to the supermarket. ( )21Can he sing well? ( )22Is she good at dancing? ( )23How much meat did you buy? ( )24Whats the matter with you, Sue? ( )25Where did Amy go last Sunday? 四、连词成句。26（22-23上山东聊城五年级校考期末）only,There,are,crayons,nineteen (.) 27（22-23上山东聊城五年级校考期末）h

19、alf,get,I, past,at,up,seven (.) 28（22-23上山东聊城五年级校考期末）can, well, play, You, football (.) 29（22-23上山东德州五年级统考期末）dropped, his, ice, He, the, cream, on, floor (.) 30（21-22上四川广元五年级统考期末）Mum,T-shirt,bought,a,new,me,for(.) 五、句型转换。31（22-23上吉林长春五年级校考期末）Can you jump high? (否定回答) No, .32（22-23上河南平顶山五年级统考期末）Is he

20、 feeling angry? (做否定回答) , he .33（21-22上河南平顶山五年级统考期末）I found the bag in the living room. (对画线部分提问) did you the bag?34（21-22上河南平顶山五年级统考期末）He feels angry. (对画线部分提问) does he ?35（21-22上辽宁朝阳五年级统考期末）There are monkeys in the zoo. (改为一般疑问句) 六、（22-23上四川雅安五年级统考期末）补全对话。ASome new books and a blue hat.BWhere did

21、you lose it?CI lost my bag.DIs this your bag?EWhat colour is it?At the school lost-and-foundMs Wang: Can I help you?Becky: 36 Ms Wang: 37 Becky: On the school bus.Ms Wang: 38 Becky: Its black and white. Ms Wang: What were in it?Becky: 39 Ms Wang: 40 Becky: Yes, it is. Thank you. Ms Wang: Youre welco

22、me!七、（22-23上河南周口五年级统考期末）排序题。41( ) Its half past six.( ) What time is it now, Jim?(5) Lets turn on the TV now.( ) Really? I like animals.( ) There is a TV show about animals at half past seven.( ) OK.八、（22-23上河南洛阳五年级洛阳市第二外国语学校校联考期末）根据表格内容判断句子的正(T)误(F)。Lucy is in Zhengzhou, she will go to Luoyang for

23、the summer vacation. Here is the train ticket.G7253ZhengzhouLuoyangStart Date：July 16th, 2022Time:9:00am9:35amPrice: 46Platform:3Seat:05 B( )42Lucy will go to Zhengzhou for her summer vacation. ( )43Lucy will take the train G7253. ( )44It will take Lucy forty minutes from Zhengzhou to Luoyang. ( )45

24、It will take Lucy 46 yuan from Zhengzhou to Luoyang. ( )46Lucy can take her seat at 05A九、（22-23上河南洛阳五年级统考期末）仿写。例: 1. I get up at six oclock.4748495051提升训练一、选择题。( )1This old man is _. He cant hear. AblindBdeafChappy( )2_ pupils are there in your class? Fifty.AHowBHow manyCWhat( )3Did Sam _ back yeste

25、rday? AcameBcomesCcome( )4Daming _ good at skipping in the past. AamBwasCis( )5I was ill yesterday. Now I feel _. AhurryBbetterChappy( )6School _ at eight oclock in the morning. AstartsBstartCstarting( )7This is _ grandma. AAmyBAmysCAmys( )8How _ faces can you see? AmuchBmanyCold( )9The boy cant fin

26、d his mother, hes _. AcryBcriesCcrying( )10We often go to school _ eight oclock in the morning. AatBinCon二、请根据相应的对话内容，选出相应的答语。AYes, I do.BNo, you didnt.CThere are forty.DNo, I cant.EYes, I am.( )11Can you play basketball? ( )12Do you want to be in our team? ( )13Are you good at football? ( )14How ma

27、ny pupils are there in you class? ( )15Did I lose my English book? 三、选出符合句意的图片。ABC DE. ( )16There are only five chairs in the classroom. ( )17Your red sweater is on the line. ( )18They went to Beijing by train. ( )19We arrived there at ten oclock. ( )20I bought some bananas at the supermarket. 四、选词填

28、空。21Where did you Lingling? (find / found)22Are you bored? (feeling / feel)23Dogs are very . (use / useful)24 walk on the grass. (Do / Dont)25She didnt a shirt for her son. (buy / bought)26Dont (jump / jumping) on the bed.27Where did you (find / found) Lingling?I found her in the kitchen.28My school

29、 (start / starts）at nine oclock in the morning.29Dont (ran / run) on the road!30I (listen / listened) to music last night.五、连词成句。31twenty, there are, in the class, children, but (.) 32Mum, a, T-shirt, bought, new, for, me (.) 33did, do, you, what, at the weekend (?) 34How much, you, buy, did, juice

30、(?) 35are, the, Your, line,T-shirts, on (.) 六、句型转换。36We played football last Sunday. (对画线部分提问) did you last Sunday?37What did you buy yesterday? (用five pears回答) 38There is one in the box. (改为否定句) one in the box.39Twenty faces we can see. (对画线部分提问) can you see?40I went to Shanghai on my holiday. (对画线

31、部分提问) go on your holiday?七、选择合适的单词，补全短文。wear washed looked was hadIt 41 sunny and hot yesterday. Sallys family 42 a picnic in the park. Sally wanted to 43 her new shorts. She likes them very much. But she couldnt find them. Because her mum 44 them. And they were on the line. Then she wore her white

32、skirt and her yellow T- shirt. They 45 beautiful.八、阅读理解。Last week Yangyang went to Dalian with her mother. They went by plane. They visited lots of places. They took a boat trip along the river. It took them three hours and thirty minutes. They bought a lot of chocolate. They had a good day.( )46The

33、y visited _. Alots of placesBBig BenCLondon EyeDpark( )47How did they go there? ABy train.BBy bus.CBy plane.DBy car.( )48Yangyang bought _ last week. AcheeseBchocolateCjuiceDfruit( )49It took them _. A3时12分 B3时30分 C2时20分50画线句子的意思： 九、仿照示例写句子。例：(13 books, desk) There are thirteen books on the desk.51(

34、18 children, classroom) 52(16 footballs, box) 53(14 birds, tree) 参考答案：真题回顾1C2C3A4C5C6B7C8B9C10A11to be12drive13meet14sit15mice16feeling17catch18happily19well20is hiding21C 22A 23D 24B 25E26There are only nineteen crayons.27I get up at half past seven.28You can play football well.29He dropped his ice

35、 cream on the floor.30Mum bought a new T-shirt for me.31I cant32No isnt33Where find34How feel35Are there monkeys in the zoo?36C 37B 38E 39A 40D412 1 4 3 642F 43T 44F 45T 46F47I go to school at half past seven. 48I play in the playground at three oclock. 49I do my homework at half past five. 50I have

36、 dinner at seven oclock. 51I watch TV at eight oclock.提升训练1B2B3C4B5B6A7C8B9C10A11D 12A 13E 14C 15B16D 17A 18E 19B 20C21find22feeling23useful24Dont25buy26jump27find28starts29run30listened3132333435Your T-shirts are on the line.36What do37I bought five pears.38There isnt39How many faces40Where did you41was 42had 43wear 44washed 45looked46A 47C 48B 49B 50他们乘船沿河旅行。51There are eighteen children in the classroom. 52There are sixteen footballs in the box. 53There are fourteen birds in the tree.