专题05 Unit1 Back to school 重点单词变形词组短语句型【考点清单】-2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲（译林版2020必修第一册）.docx

1、专题05 Unit 1 Back to school 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型 B1U1重点单词变形1. challenge n. & vt. 挑战；质疑challenging adj. 挑战性的2. advance n. 进步，进展；前进，行进 vt. & vi. 发展，进步advanced adj. 先进的3. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的amazed adj. 感到吃惊的amaze vt. 使大为吃惊，使惊奇amazement n. 惊奇，惊愕，诧异4. confidence n. 信心，信任；把握confident adj. 有信心的5. equal ad

2、j. 相等的；平等的；相当的 n. 同等的人(物) linking v. 与相等 vt. 比得上equally adv. 平等地；平均地equality n. 平等；相等6. improve vt. & vi. 改进，改善improvement n. 改进，改善；改进的事物7. responsible adj. 有责任，负责；可靠的irresponsible (反义词)responsibility n. 责任，职责8. independent adj. 自主的，有主见的；自立的dependent (反义词)independence n. 独立，自主dependence (反义词)9. tech

3、nique n. 技巧，技艺；技能technical adj. 技术的，技能的technology n. 科技10. contribution n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠contribute vi. & vt. 做贡献；捐献；促成11. fortunately adv. 幸运地，幸亏unfortunately (反义词)fortunate adj. 幸运的fortune n. 运气；巨款；命运12. option n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课optional adj. 可选择的13. attract vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)attraction n. 吸引力；向往的地方attr

4、active adj. 有吸引力的，诱人的 B1U1词组一1. a path to a world full of challenges 通住充满挑战世界的路2. a positive attitude 积极的态度 / be positive about 对积极对待3. make continuous efforts to do sth. 不断努力做 / spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做4. have confidence in your ability 对你的能力有信心/be confident about/of sth. 对把握5. lie in 在于6.

5、rise to the challenges 能够处理挑战7. acquire great knowledge 获得大量知识8. make a difference to your family 对你的家庭有影响9. make the most of our school resources 充分利用学校资源10. take advantage of school facilities 利用学校设施11. have the opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事12. take /lose an opportunity 把握失去机会13. have a positive a

6、ttitude towards / to life 对生活有积极的态度14. set a clear goal 设定明确目标/ achieve=reach a goal达成目标 /score a goal 进球15. last but not least 最后但同样重要的16. a well-rounded individual 一个全面发展的个人17. look on the bright side 看到光明有一面18. develop your character 培养你的性格（不可数）19. Chinese characters 汉字；a cartoon character 一个卡通人物

7、（可数）20. be responsible for = take responsibility for 对负责21. to put it simply = put it simply 简单地说22. look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事23. be independent of 不依赖 24. gain independence from 从获得独立25. stick to 坚持(a promise, principle, agreement, decision)，粘住26. improve your problem-solving skills 提高你的解决问题

8、技能 B1U1 词组二1. give a speech 做演讲2. pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意3. develop/form good habits 养成良好的习惯4. as a result of 由于（原因） as a result 因此（结果）5. push oneself to do 鞭策自己；发愤；自强6. break down into 把拆分（若干部分）7. set up the first meeting 安排第一次会议8. sign up for 报名参与9. put up a poster 张贴海报 put up the price提供

9、价格 put up sb留宿某人10. plan/intend to do sth. 打算做11. pay off 成功；奏效；达到目的 pay sb off 付清工资后解雇；解散。12. intend/plan to do= be intended to do 打算做13. call for 需要；要求14. at home and abroad 在国内外15. get on/along well with sb. 与某人相处融洽16. move around 四出走动17. puttogether 组织，组装（零件等）；汇集18. not much of a/an 不是很好，不怎么样19.

10、 over time 随着时间的流逝20. have no option/choice but to do sth. 除了做某事别无选择21. a way to do sth.= a way of doing sth. 做某事的方法22. experience different ways of life 体验不同的生活方式23. lay out 布置；安排24. put on 穿戴；涂抹（化妆品）；播放；举办（演出、展览） B1U1重点句型1.今天是新学期的开始，是三年征程的开始，是美好未来的开始。Today is the start of a new term, the start of

11、a three-year journey and the start of a promising future.2.我迫不及待地要向你们描述一下高中生活是什么样子的。I cant wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like.3.你们面前的道路将通向一个充满挑战的世界The path before you leads to a world full of challenges.4.当你们迎接挑战时，你们将有机会获得丰富的知识和享受个人成长。When you rise to the challenges, you wi

12、ll have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. 5.最重要的是，你们在高中付出的时光和努力将打开你们的潜能之门。Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential.6.可能性是无限的，我相信你们有能力对你们的家庭、你们的社区和我们的国家产生影响。The possibilities are endless, and I have confidenc

13、e in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. 7.为了充分发挥你们的潜能，充分利用学校的资源是很重要的。To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. 8.同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。Of equal importance are good study habits, useful

14、skills and a positive attitude. 9. 仔细规划你们的学习，设定明确的目标，兼顾学业和其他活动。Carefully plan your study, set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities. 10.作为一名高中生，你们必须努力提高沟通和解决问题的能力。As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.

15、11.最后但同样重要的一点，即使身处困境中，也要一直看向光明的一面，永远不要失去希望。最终，你们会发现自己已逐渐成长为一个全面发展的人。Last but not least, always look on the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.12. 正如Lao-Tzu睿智的箴言所说的那样，“千里之行，始于足下。”As Lao-Tzu wisely said,

16、“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” B1U1 重点词汇1. potential potentials(复数) potentially adv. 潜在地 potent adj. 有效的；强有力的原文：Realizing your potential 挖掘你的潜能？(教材P2) adj.潜在的;可能的 n.可能性;潜在性;潜力;潜质potential customers 潜在的客户a potential source of conflict 潜在的冲突根源the potential for change 变革的可能性

17、have the potential to do sth. 有做某事的可能【跟踪典例】 完成句子 First we need to identify actual and _. 首先，我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。All children should be encouraged to _. 应当鼓励所有的儿童充分发挥他们的潜能。 He _ a world-class musician. 他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。【答案】 potential problems realize their full potential has the potential to become2. seni

18、or junior （反义词） Welcome to senior high school! 欢迎来到高中！ (教材P2)adj.中学的；级别(或地位)高的; 高级水平的;老年的 n.较年长的人;级别(或地位)较高者;上级;上司; 高水平运动员be senior to 比 年长;比 资深；比 级别（地位）高 （be junior to 比 年幼; 比 资历浅；比 级别（地位）低 ） be senior to sb by years 比某人大岁senior high schools 高级中学a senior officer/manager/lecturer, etc. 高级军官、高级经理、高级讲

19、师等take part in senior competitions参加成人比赛 Tickets at the gate are $10, $7 for seniors.【跟踪典例】完成句子 _. 他比我年长七岁。 Many_have been throughtwoworldwars. 许多年长的公民经历了两次世界大战。 【答案】 He is senior to me by seven years. seniorcitizens 3. challenge challenging adj. 具有挑战性的；不赞成的原文： The path before you leads to a world f

20、ull of challenges 前方的道路充满挑战 (教材P2)n. 挑战；怀疑 vt. 向挑战；对质疑anexciting/interesting challenge令人激动的令人感兴趣的挑战 meet the challenge迎接挑战；满足要求 rise to the challenge接受挑战，奋起应付挑战 challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战challenge sb to do sth 向某人挑战做某事a challenging and rewarding career as a teacher 富有挑战性且有意义的教师职业【跟踪典例】Destruction of

21、the environment is_we face.环境的破坏是我们所面临的最严峻的挑战之一。The opposition leader _ call an election.反对党领袖要求首相宣布进行大选。Thisisabookfull ofprofound,original,and_.这是一本充满高深、新颖且富有挑战性见解的书。【答案】1. one of the mostserious challenges 2. challenged the prime minister to 3. challenginginsights4. positive negative adj.消极的；否定的；

22、阴性的 neutral adj. 中立的；中性的 原文：However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge . 然而，对于那些有积极心态的人来说，机会存在每一个挑战之中。(教材P2)adj.积极乐观的; 正面的；表示赞同的;阳性的 n.优势;优点; 阳性结果(或反应)have apositive attitudeto（towards） 对持有乐观的态度be positive about 对乐观；对 自信on the positive side从好的方面看 positive effe

23、cts积极的效果Weneed tohaveapositiveattitudeevenin thefaceofdifficulties.即使面临困难，我们仍需要保持积极的态度。She tried to be more positive about her new job.她力求对新工作更有信心。On the positive side, profits have increased.从好的方面看，利润增加了。【跟踪典例】 完成句子Wemust_todeal withtheproblem.我们必须采取积极步骤处理这个问题。His family _ him.他的家庭对他有十分良好的影响。What i

24、s the authors attitude towards sth? A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. indifferent (漠不关心的) 【答案】 takepositivesteps has a very positive influence on5. advance advanced adj. adj. 先进的；高级的；晚期的；年老的 原文：What medicine advances you will make.你将会取得怎样的医学进步。(教材P3)n.前进，行进;进步;进展 v. 前进，发展，进步;促进 in advanceadv. 预先

25、，提前 in advance of超过；在前 recent advances in medical science医学的最新进展 advanced technology先进技术 advanced stage晚期；高级阶段 They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall. 夜幕降临时，他们已推进了20英里 advance our understanding of language learning提高了我们对语言学习的认识There were only three of us on the advanced course.只有我们三人学高级课程。【跟踪典例】_ha

26、s beenmadein thecontrolof malaria.在控制疟疾方面已取得新的进展。Becauseofthepopularityoftheregion, itisadvisabletobookhotelsorcamp sites_.鉴于该地区的受欢迎度，事先预订旅馆或露营地是可取的。Studentsareaskedto preparematerial_eachweeklyseminar.要求学生为每星期一次的研讨班预先准备好材料。【答案】A newadvance in advance inadvanceof6. amazing amazed adj. 感到惊叹的 amaze vt

27、. 使吃惊 amazingly adv. 令人惊讶地；惊奇地 amazement n. 惊异；惊愕原文：or what amazing technologies you will make. 或者你会创造出多么神奇的技术。(教材P3)adj.令人大为惊奇的;令人惊喜的where amazing happens奇迹发生之地 an amazing achievement/discovery/success/performance 惊人的成就发现成功表演 be amazed at (by) 对感到惊叹 to ones amazement 让人感到惊叹的是 in amazement 惊讶地 It wa

28、samazinghowmymothercoped withbringing upthreechildrenonless thanthirty dollarsa week.让人惊叹的是我妈妈怎样以每周不到30美元的开销养大了3个孩子。Wewereamazedbythe playssuccess.我们惊叹该剧的成功。Ingreatamazement,the teacherlooked atthe littlegirl.老师惊奇地看着那个小女孩。【联想助记】情感类动词 ving 表示“使人感到.的” ved表示“感到.的” Eg: excite/exciting/exciteddisappoint/

29、 disappointing/ disappointedmove/ moving/ movedsurprise/ surprising/ surprised 【跟踪典例】_我对那个令人感到惊叹的消息感到很惊叹 You_yourthoughts.您会为自己的想法感到吃惊的。Shestared athim_.她睁大眼睛惊讶地注视着他【答案】I am amazed at the amazing news. willbeamazedby inwide-eyedamazement 7. confidence confident adj.自信的; 有把握的 confidently adv. 自信地；安心地

30、 confidential adj. 秘密的；机密的 self-confidence n. self-confident 原文： And I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family. 我相信你有改变你家庭的能力。(教材P3)n.信心;信任;把握;have confidence in = have belief in 对有信心 gain confidence 获得自信 be confident in/ of/ about对 有信心 Confidenceisthekeytosuccess.信心是成功的关

31、键。The teacher wants the children to be confident about asking questions when they dont understand.教师要孩子们遇到不懂的问题就大胆提问 【跟踪典例】The players all_their manager.队员都信赖他们的教练。He_ when he went to college.他上大学后增强了自信。Ihaveevery reasonto_ourvictory.我有充分的理由坚信胜利是属于我们的。【答案】have confidence in gained confidence beconfi

32、dentof8. equal equally adv. 同样地；相等地，平等地；公平地 equalityn. 平等；相等 原文：Of equal importance are good study habits. 同样重要的是学习习惯。(教材P3)adj. (大小、数量、价值等) 相同的，同样的; 相等的; 平等的; 同等的; (力气、勇气、能力等) 相当的; 能胜任的; 能应付的 n. 同等的人; 相等物; v. 与相等，等于; 比得上; 敌得过 be equal to (doing) sth 相等；胜任；合适 (做某事)equal rights/pay 平等的权利；同酬 on equal

33、terms (with sb) （与某人）处于平等的地位 be without equal/ have no equal 无与伦比；无敌；无比 2 plus 2 equals 4 2+2=4equal sb/ sth in (doing) in 在(做) 某事方面逼得上，敌得过某人（某物） equal the world record. 平了世界纪录There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.这个班男女生人数相等。The company has anequal opportunitiespolicy(= gives the s

34、ame chances of employment to everyone).这家公司的政策是人人机会均等。He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。This achievement is unlikely ever to be equalled.这一成就可能任何时候都没有能与之匹敌的。【跟踪典例】I hope that he proves _the challenge.我希望他最后能应付这一挑战。She treats the people who work for her_.她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。Cooperation _ success.合

35、作意味着成功。【答案】equal to as her equals equals9. individual individually adv. 个别地，单独地 personal adj.个人的；亲自的原文：In time you will find yourself growing into a well round individual. 假以时日，你会发现自己成长为一个全面发展的人。(教材P3)adj. 个人的；个别的；独特的 n. 个人，个体 individual event 个人项目单项比赛个人单项 individual difference 个体差异 individual behav

36、ior 个人行为 donations from private individuals 私人捐赠 What can you do as an individual? 作为个人你能做些什么呢？10. responsible responsibility n. 责任，职责；义务 duty （同义词）n.责任；义务；本分 response n. 响应；反应；回答原文： yet you along are responsible for realizing your great potential. 然而，你有责任实现你的巨大潜力。(教材P3)adj. 负责的，可靠的；有责任的 比较级 more re

37、sponsible最高级 most responsible be responsible for 为 负责；是的原因 responsible care 责任关怀义务关心 sense of responsibility 责任感，责任心 social responsibility 社会责任 take on responsibility 承担责任 have/ take responsibility for 对 有责任 It is ones responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的责任 Even where parents no longer live together, th

38、ey each continue to be responsible for their children.即使父母不再共同生活，他们也要分别对子女负责。He is mentally ill and cannotbe held responsiblefor his actions.他有精神病，不能对自己的行为负责。It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced.他们有责任确保制度的执行【跟踪典例】Cigarette smoking _ about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.因患

39、肺癌而死亡者，约90%是吸烟所致。Its impossibleto holdany_.不可能让任何个人承担责任。I dont feel readyto _.我不愿意承担新的责任。【答案】is responsible for individualresponsible take onnewresponsibilities10. independent depend vi 依赖，依靠；取决于 dependent adj.依靠的；取决于的 dependently adv.依赖地 dependence n. 依赖；依靠 independently adv. 独立地 independence n. 独立

40、 （注意构词法）原文：Im looking forward to be more independent.我期待变得更加独立。(教材P5)adj. 自主的，有主见的；自立的 be independent of 不依赖的；不受支配的 an independent inquiry/witness 独立的调查；无偏见的证人 financially independent 经济独立 The Independence Day 独立日 independence study 自主学习 School spirit: the spirit of independence, freedom of thought.

41、 学校精神：独立之精神，自由之思想 Were goingindependentfrom theuniversityandsetting upourowngroup.我们将从大学独立出去，成立我们自己的集团。Shewould liketo bemorefinanciallyindependent.她想要在财政上更加独立。A goodteacherencouragesindependenceofthought.好的教师鼓励独立思考。【跟踪典例】完成句子Now thatyouare acollege student,youshouldlearn to_ yourparents help.既然你已是个

42、大学生了，就应当学着独立，不靠父母的帮助。Hecameto symbolizehis countrys_.他逐渐成为祖国为争取独立而斗争的象征。【答案】beindependentofstruggleforindependence11. proposal propose vt. 提议；建议 suggestion / recommendation / advice （同义词） 原文：Proposal for a new club成立新俱乐部的提议 (教材9) n. 提议，建议，动议；求婚put forward/ come up with a proposal 提出建议make a proposal

43、 提出建议；求婚 propose (doing) sth. 提议(做)某事propose that （should）do 提议/建议做Howcouldyoumakeaproposalwithoutaring?你怎么可以去求婚而不带上戒指呢？Hewasthe firstpersontoproposetheconstructionofthe bridge.他是第一个提议建这座桥的人。She proposed that the book should be banned.她提议查禁这本书【跟踪典例】 完成句子He_whichwas worthconsideration.他提出一项值得考虑的建议_pa

44、y the money from public funds.有人提议用公款支付这笔钱。His proposal that the system _ was rejected.他提的关于修改制度的建议被拒绝了。【答案】 putforwardaproposal It was proposed to should be changed12. aim purpose n. / intent (intention)/ target v/ n (同义词) 原文：Club aim: To improve short story writing skills! 俱乐部目标：提高短片小说的写作技能。 (教材P9

45、)n.目的;目标;瞄准 v. 力争做到;目的是;旨在;瞄准;针对take aim at sb/sth 把目标对准某人（或某事物） with the aim of 为了aim at sth/ doing sth 对准，瞄准；目标是 （做某事） be aimed at 以 为目标 aim to do sth 立志做某事；意欲做某事Takecarefulaimatthetargetbeforefiring.开火之前仔细瞄准目标Theyaimatimprovingqualityratherthanincreasingquantity.他们的目的在于提高质量而不是增加数量。Criticismshould

46、beaimedathelping thosecriticized.批评应该是与人为善的批评。【跟踪典例】完成句子 Weteenagersshould_somethingusefulto thesociety.我们青年人应该以为社会做贡献为目标。 What_inNewYear?在新的一年里你的目标是什么？ Shewent toLondon_ ajob.她去伦敦是为了找工作。【答案】 aimatcontributing doyouaimtodo withtheaimoffinding13. exchange 原文： I hadthe chance to study at a British sec

47、ondary school as an exchange student. 我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习 (教材P11)n. 交换；交流；交易 vt. 交换；交易；兑换exchange sth for sth 以某物交换某物 exchange sth with sb 和某人交换某物 make an exchange 交换 in exchange for 以 交换Juliet and Davidexchanged glances(= they looked at each other).朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。I shook hands and exchanged a few wo

48、rds with the manager.我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。Would you like my old TVin exchange forthis camera?用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？【跟踪典例】Ive never _those moms.我从来没和那些妈妈们说过话。WouldyoulikemyoldTV_?用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？【答案】exchanged words with inexchangeforthiscamera14. alarm alarming adj. 令人担忧的，令人恐惧的 alarmed adj. 担忧的；恐惧的原文：I lik

49、ed it so much that I still use it as my alarm. 我是那么喜欢它以至于我仍然通它做闹铃。(教材P11) n.闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt. 使恐慌，使害怕raise/ sound the alarm 拉响警报in alarm 惊恐地be alarmed at/ by 对惊恐/ 担忧be alarmed to do sth 害怕做某事When I saw the smoke, I tried to sound the alarm.看到烟后，我就设法发出警报。Whathaveyoudone?Elliecriedinalarm.“你都干了些什么？”埃利惊

50、恐地喊道。Thediseasehasspreadatanalarmingrate.这种疾病已经以惊人的速度传播开来。【跟踪典例】 完成句子_ in the middle of the night. 半夜里一辆汽车的警报器突然响了起来Sheshrieked_whenshesawthe mouse.她看见老鼠时惊恐地尖声喊叫起来。Ourcountrysideis disappearing_.我们的农村地区正在以惊人的速度消亡。【答案】 A caralarm went off inalarm atanalarmingrate15. contribution contribute vt. 贡献；捐赠；

51、投稿 contributor n. 贡献者；投稿者；捐助者 原文：But I could not make much of a contribution. 但是我能做的贡献不多 (教材P11)n.贡献；捐赠；捐款；投稿contribute to 有助于；导致，促成；contribute to 向 投稿/ 捐赠make (great) contributions to 对做出(巨大的)贡献 We contributed 5 000 to the earthquake fund.我们向地震基金捐赠了 5 000 英镑。Thethreesonsalsocontributetothe familybu

52、siness.3个儿子也为家族企业做贡献。Learning Englishmakescontributionstoonesdevelopmenttosome extent.英语也为个人发展做出一定得贡献。【跟踪典例】Were notsaying thateveryoneneeds to_.我们并不是要每个人都必须为穷人奉献生命。Ibelieve thateachofuscan_ thefutureoftheworld.我相信我们每一个人都能为世界的未来做出贡献。Ipersuaded myself thatI could_.我相信我能为祖国作出贡献。【答案】contributetheirlive

53、stothe poor contributeto makecontributionstothe motherland 6. fortunately fortune n. 财富；命运；运气 fortunate adj. adj. 幸运的;吉利的 misfortune n. 不幸 unfortunate adj. unfortunately adv. 原文：Fortunately, my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement. 幸运的是，我的老师和同学们一直乐于助人，给了我很多鼓励。 （教材P12）adv. 幸运的；辛亏make a fortunate 发财try ones fortunate 碰运气be fortunate in 在某方面幸运be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事Iwas late,butfortunatelythe meetinghadntstarted.我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。Iwasfortunatetobeone oftheluckyuser.我有幸成为幸运网友之一。Webecamecompanions inmisfortune.我们成了患难之交。