专题08 推理判断题 （讲义）(原卷版)-【高频考点解密】2024年高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测（新高考专用） .docx

1、专题08 推理判断题01专题网络思维脑图02考情分析解密高考03高频考点以考定法考点一 推理判断题【高考解密】命题点01 逻辑推断题命题点02 观点态度题命题点03写作意图题命题点04文章出处题和读者对象题【技巧解密】【考向预测】04核心素养微专题微专题 推理判断三大易错陷阱05创新好题分层练考点考查内容高考考题设问推理判断题核心价值：高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育融入试题方面，2022 年新高考全国卷阅读题选取运动促进心脏健康的语篇，写作

2、题选取一名残疾学生积极参加跑步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022 年全国甲卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果

3、等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。学科素养：1. 从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分

4、发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。2. 从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。 【2023新高考全国卷】B24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?逻辑推断【2023新高考全国卷】D 34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?逻辑推断【2023年1月浙江卷】B26W

5、hat can we infer about the author?逻辑推断【2023全国甲卷】D 35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?逻辑推断【2023全国乙卷】B26.What can we infer from the authos trip with friends to Devils Lake?逻辑推断【2022新高考I卷】阅读A 23.3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?逻辑推断C篇31. What can we le

6、arn about the project from the last two paragraphs?逻辑推断【2022全国高考乙卷】D篇35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?逻辑推断【2021英语全国甲卷】B篇27What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?逻辑推断D篇33What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?逻辑推断【2021全国高考乙卷】B篇27What can be

7、inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?D篇35What can we infer about the author from the text?【2021全国新高考I卷C篇】30What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?逻辑推断【2021全国新高考II卷】D篇34Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?逻辑推断【2023新高考全国卷】D35.What is the authors attitude to

8、ward Navajas studies?观点态度【2023年1月浙江卷】B25What was the attitude of the authors father toward buying groceries with jars?观点态度【2021新高考I卷】D34. What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?观点态度【2021北京】65. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the proj

9、ect？观点态度【2020年新课标卷】C篇31. Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?观点态度【2020年，天津卷，第一次高考】23.What is the authors attitude towards the prospect of electric flying? 观点态度【2023年1月浙江卷】C 28Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? 写作目的【2023年1月浙江卷】D 34. What is the p

10、urpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? 写作目的 【2023新高考全国卷】B26.What is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? 写作目的 【2023新高考全国卷】C 28.What is the book aimed at? 写作目的 【2023新高考全国卷】C 31.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? 写作目的【2023全国甲卷】C 28.Why does the author list great ph

11、ilosophers in Paragraph 4? 写作目的【2023全国乙卷】D33.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2? 写作目的【2022新高考I卷】B24.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? 写作目的【2021英语全国甲卷】C篇30.10Why did the author like to spend time in South bank when he returned to Lond

12、on? 写作目的【2021全国高考乙卷】 C篇29Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? 写作目的【2021全国新高考I】D篇33Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2? 写作目的【2021全国新高考II卷】D篇34Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle? 写作目的 【2023全国乙卷】D35.Which of the following books is

13、the text most likely selected from?文章出处【2023新高考全国卷】C28.Where is the text most probably taken from?文章出处【2022新高考I卷】A21. Where is this text probably taken from?文章出处【2022全国高考乙卷】B27. What is the text?文章出处【2021英语全国甲卷】A篇23Where can the text be found?文章出处【2022年1月（浙江卷）】26What is the text?文章出处【2023全国乙卷】31.Wha

14、t might the author continue talking about?写作方法【2021北京卷】 32The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to_写作方法【2020全国新课标III】32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?写作方法命题点01 逻辑推断题典例011. 【2023年新高考I卷B篇】 “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he do

15、es. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”27. What is the basis for Johns work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need

16、 water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.典例02【2023新高考全国卷 D】Para4:Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often

17、as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.Para5: Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to t

18、hem. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.Para6:“Were trying

19、to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?A.Walking

20、 is the best way to gain access to nature.B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.C.The same nature experience takes different forms.D.The nature language enhances work performance.典例03【2023全国甲卷D篇】.Obviously, if precautions(预防) aren􀆳t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,some

21、times killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at get

22、ting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Food should be provided for grizzlies.B

23、.People can live in harmony with grizzlies.C.A special path should be built for grizzlies.D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.命题点02 观点态度题典例01【2023年新高考II卷D篇】In a follow-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually

24、 did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasnt the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned

25、together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.15. What is the authors attitude toward Navajas s

26、tudies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.典例02【2023年1月浙江卷B篇】Para3： Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few day

27、s later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I wor

28、ked on removing things I didnt need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household wont entirely make t

29、he switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what youre doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have in

30、dividuals who are not on board, your words probably wont do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action.25What was the attitude of the authors father toward buying groceries with jars?AHe disapproved of it.BHe was favorable to it.CHe was tolerant of it

31、.DHe didnt care about it.典例03【2021年新高考I卷之D篇】Para3：Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and

32、 much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

33、Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study

34、how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.34. What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.命题点03写作意图题典例01【2023年新高考II卷B篇】

35、Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.26. What is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To

36、 review Johns research plans.B. To show an application of Johns idea.C. To compare Johns different jobs.D. To erase doubts about Johns invention.典例02【2023年1月浙江卷C】Para1 : A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco

37、, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israels former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This

38、can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “Theres never a stage at which the system kn

39、ows what its talking about.”28Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?ATo explain the use of a software program.BTo show the cleverness of Project Debater.CTo introduce the designer of Project Debater.DTo emphasize the fairness of the competition.典例03【2023新高考全国卷C】Reading Art: A

40、rt for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday objectthe book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists representations of boo

41、ks and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book

42、 as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and posesabsorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.Books themselves m

43、ay be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists hav

44、e used them as the raw material for artworkstransforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly an

45、cient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the in

46、formation we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 31.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?A.The printed book is not totally out of date.B.Technology has changed the way we read.C.Our lives in the 21s

47、t century are networked.D.People now rarely have the patience to read.命题点04文章出处题和读者对象题 典例01（2023年新高考II卷C篇片段）Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appea

48、rs throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these con

49、nections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.8. Where is the text most probably taken from?A. An introduction to a book.B. An essay on the art of writing.C. A guidebook to

50、 a museum.D. A review of modern paintings.典例02（2023年新高考I卷A篇片段）Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 =

51、 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.21Where is this text probably taken from?AA textbook.BAn exam paper.CA course plan.DAn academic article.逻辑推断题常见的设问方式： 1. What can be inferred about the .? 2What can be inferred about .from the last paragraph? 3What can we learn from .?4What can we infer about . fro

52、m the text?解题指导：(1) 浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项(2) 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(3) 整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。 观点态度题做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如possible, impossibl

53、e, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。解题指导：(1) 认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向(2) 关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点(3) 注意作者或文中人物的措辞(4) 分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；(5) 牢记观点态度的常见词语观点态度例词支持肯定positive (积极的)、supportive (支持的)、optimistic

54、(乐观的)humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)；中立neutral (中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；否定反对negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的)critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)。 写作意图题常见的设问方式：What is the main purpose of the aut

55、hor writing the text?The purpose of the text is to get more people to _.The writer of the story wants to tell us that_.The factis mentioned by the author to show_.The author writers the last paragraph in order to _.写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观

56、点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（to tell a story, to entertain readers, to share an experience.）；应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to persuade, to promote.）说明文：其写作意图

57、依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make comparisons.）；议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。文章出处题和读者对象题解题指导：(1) 根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象(2) 根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量

58、、禁忌等；网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，upload，link，mouse, surf等网络标志考向01-逻辑推断题【2023届福建省厦门一中高三二模试题C篇片段】Too much time spent on gaming, smartphones and watching television is linked to heightened levels and diagnoses (诊断) of anxiety or depression in children as young as age 2, according to a new study. What

59、 do we know about Twenge and Campbells study according to paragraph 2?AIt requires further research.BIt brings children less comfort.CIt needs greater ability to finish.DIt generates more public concern.考向02-观点态度题【2023上河北高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中片段】Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the reports conc

60、lusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct, but the story is different for wood we already harvest. “Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions,” he says. “We cannot just say we should stop using wood.

61、”9What is Ali Amiris attitude toward the new result?AFavorable.BDoubtful.CCritical.DObjective.考向03-写作意图题【2023届湖南省九校联盟第二次联考英语试题片段】“How beautiful the jasmine (茉莉花) is! A sweet smell covers the budding twigs. So fragrant, so white, admired by all lips.” The famed Chinese folk song Jasmine Flower has re

62、ached a global audience with its beautiful melody and lyrics. Equally popular is the traditionally made Jasmine tea, whose elegant fragrance and mellow taste fascinate countless tea drinkers. What is the authors purpose of quoting the song Jasmine Flower?ATo tell us not to neglect the song.BTo show

63、the popularity of the song.CTo introduce the topicJasmine tea.DTo clarify the origin of Jasmine tea.考向04-文章出处题和读者对象题【2023上山东青岛高三统考期中片段】The film Lunana: A Yak (牦牛) in the Classroom, nominated for an Oscar in the Best International Feature category, traces the year-long transformative journey of a you

64、ng Bhutanese teacher, Ugyen. Bhutanese writer and director Pawo Choynings first film is set in the real village of Lunana, a remote community of nomadic yak herders situated at a dizzying altitude of more than 11,000 feet.4Where is the text most probably taken from?AA blog on travelling.BAn introduc

65、tion to a film.CA guidebook to Himalayas.DA biography of a director. 推理判断三大易错陷阱【易错陷阱一】 观点态度要理清【2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考片段】But, it doesnt have to be all bad news. “One major motivation in studying the link between climate change and human-wildlife conflicts is finding solutions,” said Abrahms. “As we learn a

66、bout specific incidents, we can identify patterns and tends-and come up with interventions(干预) to try to address these conflicts.”Some interventions maybe as simple as public-awareness campaigns. Governments can also plan forties when extreme climate events will bring people and wild if e into close

67、r contact. “Once you know the root causes of a conflict, you can design interventions to help both people and wildlife,” said Abrahms. “We can change.”What does Abrahms think of interventions?A. They are too simple.B. They are out-of-date.C. They are changeable.D. They are beneficial.【易错陷阱二】 写作目的要分明

68、【2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考片段】Navigating growing up alongside academic demands is a difficult phase of life for anyone. “The hardest part of having dyscalculia in my K-12 experience was dealing with a disability on top of the normal aspects of growing up,” Cladek said. “Growing up with dyscalculia greatly aff

69、ected myself-worth and not feeling like I am enough,” said Cladek, who is now a college student. “If l could only be able to fit in with the rest of the kids and not have this anxiety and frustration every time I look at a math problem on my worksheet, then Ill be enough, which was a common thought

70、I had.”What does the author want to say by men toning Cladeks experience?A. Cladek has fantastic memories of schooling.B. Its better to have dyscalculia diagnosed earlier.C. Growing up with dyscalculia is a big challenge.D. Academic demands outweigh struggling with dyscalculia.【易错陷阱三】 文章出处和读者对象勿混淆【湖

71、南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试片段】When you think about it, food is an important part of our lives. Family gatherings center around food and the celebration of major life events and milestones involves food in one way or another. The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. Food is important and

72、ends up usually being a topic of discussion for almost every crew.Our food also comes packaged in many ways. But no matter what the form of the food though, you still have the same problem eating it- - you do not want it flying away from you and making a mess when you open it up. In this case a litt

73、le bit of extra water is extremely helpful. It keeps the food kind of sticking together and to the package and to your spoon. Small things do escape from time to time, but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem. That is enough for now! Next time I will write about how to cook

74、in space.Where is the text most probably taken from?AA food magazine.BAn astronauts journal.CA sci-fi handbook.DA space history website.（2023上江苏南通高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）Its good to be smart. After all, intelligent people earn more money, accumulate more wealth, and even live longer. But theres another side

75、to the story. The brightest people and strongest leaders sometimes make errors others dont, especially in situations that require common sense.Travis Bradberry, president at TalentSmart, explained in his post Why Smart People Act So Stupid that “Rational thinking (理性思维) and intelligence dont tend to

76、 go hand in hand. Intelligent people are more likely to make silly mistakes because of blind spots in how they use logic. These blind spots exist because smart people tend to be overconfident in their reasoning abilities.” They are so used to being right and having quick answers that they dont even

77、realize when theyre making a mess by answering without thinking things through. A lifetime of praise leads smart people to develop too much faith in their intelligence and abilities. They often fail to recognize when they need help, and when they do recognize it, they tend to believe that no one els

78、e is capable of providing it. “Its hard for anyone to graciously accept the fact that theyre wrong. Its even harder for smart people because they grow so used to being right all the time that it becomes a part of their identity,” Bradberry wrote. “For smart people, being wrong can feel like a person

79、al attack, and being right, a necessity.”Smart people also have a hard time accepting feedback. They tend to undervalue the opinions of others, which means they have trouble believing that anyone is qualified to give them useful feedback. Not only does this tendency slow their growth and performance

80、, it can lead to harmful relationships, both personally and professionally. Smart people develop overachieving personalities because things come so easily to them. They simply dont understand how hard some people have to work to accomplish the same things, and because of that, they push people too h

81、ard. They set the bar too high, and when people take too long or dont get things quite right, they assume its due to a lack of effort. So they push even harder.1What do we learn from the passage about the brightest people?AThey can differ in their personalities.BThey are admired by people around the

82、m.CThey usually face their own weaknesses calmly.DThey can make silly mistakes in straightforward situations.2What accounts for the existence of intelligent peoples logical blind spots?ATheir irrational way of thinking.BToo much concern about their work.CToo much faith in their ability to think.DThe

83、ir ignorance of behavioral science.3What may happen to smart people who find it difficult to accept suggestions?AThey may experience a lot of emotional stress.BThey may commit more errors than ever before.CThey may lose faith in their administrative abilities.DThey may suffer in their professional a

84、nd private life.4What is said about those working with or under overachieving people?AThey are under increasing pressure.BThey set higher goals for themselves.CThey put a lot of effort into their work.DThey take less time to get things done.（2023上江苏高三马坝高中校考期中）Pickled (腌制的) vegetables, fish and meat

85、preserved in salt, and bread baked in a circle with a hole in the middle (e.g. bagels), were once the foods for the poor of all backgrounds in central and eastern Europe. But it was Jewish immigrants (犹太移民) who brought these recipes to the West, particularly to America, in the late 19th and early 20

86、th centuries.Bagels and pickled foods became mainstays of Jewish deli (熟食店) cuisine,which are the subject of an exhibition at the New-York Historical Society called “Ill Have What Shes Having”. The exhibition implicitly (含蓄地) asks whether a cuisine that has been enjoyed by millions and helped define

87、 the taste of New York City continues to be lively today.There is a distinctly sad tone to it. Though some foods exist over several decades, the number of Jewish delis in America has dropped sharply. Black-and-white pictures of long-gone people eating at long-gone places line the exhibitions walls.

88、After all, the Jewish deli is a product of a bygone era,shaped by immigration, discrimination and inner-city life. As immigrants children fit in with the locals and moved away, the deli became one of many dining choices less a center of communal Jewish life and more a pleasant place to occasionally

89、cat and talk about the past.Meanwhile, deli food itself has crossed its limits. For a while, McDonalds in Germany offered a “Grilled Texas Bagel”. That is a senseless phrase to a deli expert: a decent bagel belongs nowhere near a grill and has nothing to do with Texas. But it suggests that bagels li

90、ke pizza, hot dogs and other foods once only consumed by particular ethnicities now come across less as specifically Jewish than as broadly American.The most hopeful part of the exhibit is at the end: a case of menus from modern delis across the country. They were founded by young Jewish chefs deter

91、mined to keep their culinary (烹饪的) traditions alive not because discrimination left them no other way out, but because the food is delicious, inspiring, and an irreplaceable part of Americas culinary landscape.5What is the theme of this exhibition?AThe history of New York.BThe foods of Jewish delis.

92、CThe recipes for Jewish foods.DThe Jewish communities in New York.6What does paragraph 3 tell us about the Jewish delis in America?AThey cannot provide delivery service.BThey have lost their original special flavor.CThey dont suit the tastes of young Jewish people.DThey can bring back memories of Je

93、wish immigrants.7What does the name of “Grilled Texas Bagel” imply?ADeli experts arent big fans of meaningless names.BPeople think bagels are more of an American food.CTexans arent very good at baking satisfactory bagels.DMcDonalds in Germany prefers American foods to Jewish ones.8How do young Jewis

94、h chefs feel about their traditional food?AProud.BWorried.CCarefree.DDisappointed.（2023上江苏高三马坝高中校考期中）Sam Shepler was not surprised the first time he was asked to make a video resume (简历) in 2021. The 32-year-old had noticed the trend growing in the previous year, and was applying for a video-editing

95、 role. The role did not require any public speaking, and Shepler had no experience talking about himself on camera. Even though he got the job, the process felt more burdensome than usual. “I honestly prefer the old-fashioned resume and interview, ” he says.A recent survey showed that 79% of hiring

96、managers thought that video resumes had become “more important” than before for vetting (审查) candidates, and 61% of job seekers thought “ a recorded video could be the next version of the traditional cover letter”. As remote work has made video an increasingly common part of life at work, are video

97、resumes the futurewhether candidates want them to be or not? Chloe Chioy, 22, believes a video resume was crucial in helping her secure her first job after university. “It was a decision on my part to submit a video resume,” says the Taipei-based digital marketing coordinator, who works remotely for

98、 a UK-based company. The job advertisement only stated that a resume was required. “Being a fresh graduate, I knew experience was my major disadvantage. I think showing my personality and attitude in the video helped my application.” She also made sure to emphasise skills relevant to the role, inclu

99、ding screenshots of articles she had written, clips (片段) of her public speaking, and showing off her video-editing abilities.Chioys approach made use of some of the distinct benefits of video resumes, says recruitment (招聘) specialist Jan Tegze. This can be particularly helpful for applicants with li

100、ttle experience applying in competitive fields who need an extra edge to secure a role. He also mentions that he cannot see the video resume replacing its written counterpart (相对物) any time soon. “Recruitment really hasnt changed for decades. We are using different tools that are a little bit faster

101、, but its still about human interaction,” he says.9What does paragraph 1 tell us about Sam Shepler?AHe felt awkward in front of a camera.BHe was inexperienced in editing videos.CHe liked the traditional hiring process better.DHe applied for a job that valued public speaking.10What does the data in p

102、aragraph 2 imply?AMost candidates no longer use cover letters.BThere is a growing demand for video resumes.CMost hiring managers screen candidates via video.DVideo becomes a common part of remote working.11Which of the following words can best describe Chloe Chioy?ABrave and optimistic.BSelfless and

103、 polite.CHonest and independent.DCreative and smart.12What might Jan Tegze agree with?AWritten resumes wont be replaced in the short term.BUsing different tools can speed up the selection of talents.CVirtual hiring is particularly popular in competitive fields.DSending a video resume isnt very helpf

104、ul for fresh graduates.（2023上江苏徐州高三统考期中）Is future youyou? It might seem like a strange philosophical question. But the answer to how you think about your future self could make the difference between decisions you ultimately find satisfying and ones you might eventually regret. The brain patterns th

105、at emerge on an MRI (核磁共振) when people think about their future selves most resemble the brain patterns that arise when they think about strangers. This finding suggests that, in the minds eye, our future selves look like other people. If you see future you as a different person, why should you save

106、 money, eat healthier or exercise more regularly to benefit that stranger? However, if you see the interests of your distant self as more like those of your present self, you are considerably more likely to do things today that benefit you tomorrow. A paper in the journal PLOS One revealed that coll

107、ege students who experienced a greater sense of connection and similarity to their future selves were more likely to achieve academic success. Relationships with our future selves also matter for general psychological well-being. In a project led by Joseph Reiff, which includes 5,000 adults age 20 t

108、o 75, he found that those who perceived a great overlap (重叠) in traits between their current and future selves ended up being more satisfied with their lives 10 years after filling out the initial survey. So how can we better befriend our future selves and feel more connected to their fates? The psy

109、chological mindset with what we call “vividness interventions” works. We have found, for instance, that showing people images of their older, grayer selves increases intentions to save for the long term. Besides, you might try writing a letter toand then fromyour future self. As demonstrated by Yuta

110、 Chishima and Anne Wilson in their 2020 study in the journal Self and Identity, when high-school students engaged in this type of“send-and-reply” exercise, they experienced elevated levels of feelings of similarity with their future selves. Letter-writing and visualization exercises are just a coupl

111、e of ways we can connect with our future selves and beyond, but the larger lesson here is clear: If we can treat our distant selves as if they are people we love, care about and want to support, we can start making choices for them that improve our livesboth today and tomorrow.13Whats the function o

112、f paragraph 2?AGenerating further discussion.BIntroducing a research result.CShowing the effect of the finding.DConcluding various viewpoints.14How does the author prove his statements?ABy offering relevant statistics.BBy using quotations.CBy referring to previous findings.DBy making comparisons.15W

113、hat is paragraph 4 mainly about?ABenefits of befriending our future selves.BWays of connecting with our future selves.CMethods of changing psychological mindsets.DPossibilities of us becoming our future selves.16What does the article want to tell us?AMaking future plans makes a difference.BOur futur

114、e selves look like other people.CGetting to know your future self benefits.DYour choice determines future happiness.（2023上辽宁高三校联考期中）Do you have frightening dreams while sleeping? According to an email interview by clinical psychologist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, roughly 5 percent of the gen

115、eral population has at least one bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later parts of the night.There is no exact explanation for nightmares, but Breus says its possible that they help the brain practise, prepare for and even predict difficult or dan

116、gerous experiences in waking life. Of course, its possible that nightmares, like dreams in general, dont have a primary function that theyre a by-product of other activities in the body. But most sleep scientists think that dreams and nightmares exist for some purposes. One study found the most comm

117、on nightmare was falling, followed by dreams of being chased, feeling lost, and feeling trapped. Then why do nightmares happen? “Certain circumstances and characteristics make some people more likely to have nightmares than others,” says sleep medicine specialist Dr. Barry Krakow. He thinks people w

118、hove been traumatized (使受精神创伤) are certainly at a higher risk of nightmares Examples are offered of those who have suffered criminal attacks, or who have been in life-threatening accidents. People with some degree of sensitivity in their biological make-up are also more likely to have bad dreams, so

119、 theyre more common in people who suffer from anxiety or depression, or who use excess drugs or alcohol. The traditional belief often has it that nightmares are the result of eating too much rich food before bedtime, but it is still uncertain whether this is true. One study from 2015 did find a link

120、 between eating dairy or hot foods before bedtime and having disturbing dreams, but the study authors noted that this couldnt be proven definitely because the data was self-reported and there were a lot of other factors to consider.However, research in recent decades has shown that people who suffer

121、 from sleep disorders are also more likely to have nightmares.17What may Dr. Breus agree with about nightmares?AThey happen for certain purposes.BThey are similar to daydreams.CThey possibly help predict future events.DThey come true once in a while.18Who does Dr. Krakow think tends to suffer nightm

122、ares?AJohn who often stays up late.BPeter who has had terrible experiences.CJack who is sensitive to alcohol.DPaul who sleeps soundly at night.19How does the traditional belief explain nightmares?AThey are often caused by irregular bedtimes.BThey are based on disturbing life experiences.CThey are th

123、e consequence of negative feelings.DThey are related to what is taken before bedtime.20From which section of a website is the text probably taken?AMental health.BLife experiences.CEating habits.DPopular culture.（2023上北京高三北京市第十三中学校考期中）Adam Zibluk is a 15-year-old Life Scout (童子军) in Troop 70 in Newto

124、wn, CT. He was also recently the Troops Senior Patrol Leader, the highest ranking boy in the troop!Last summer, he, along with 15 other boys from the Troop completed scoutings greatest adventure, backpacking over 50 miles in 7 days in the wilderness at the Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico!While Ad

125、ams Scouting achievements are impressive on their own, his time in Scouts has not always been so easy. Adam has hemophilia, a medical condition that can cause severe bleeding from even a slight injury. And as a Boy Scout, spending much time out in the wilderness, it is quite common to get minor inju

126、ries. Because of his condition, Adam has had to miss some Scouting activities over the years.The first few days of Adams backpacking in Philmont went smooth. But on the 3rd day, while unloading his gear at a remote campsite, he felt a sharp pain in his back.Adam told the adult leaders about his back

127、 and that he was starting to not feel well.They made the decision to call Philmont base camp to seek medical attention.It was getting dark and rain threatened. Two doctors set out into the night on backcountry roads and then hiked in the last 1/2 mile to find Adam. They did some tests and decided to

128、 take him back with them to base camp. It was a tough moment for Adam and for the rest of the scout crew. While Adam returned to base camp, the rest of the boys backpacked on. To encourage Adam, they took one of his shirts with them and took photos of it along the way, which they sent to him.A few d

129、ays passed and Adam was feeling better. The doctors cleared him to return to the backcountry! Finally, Adam finished the trek with his crew. He is now one of the only Boy Scouts with hemophilia to have ever participated in and completed a Philmont Trek.What encouraged Adam to take on this challenge

130、despite the risk? “I thought it would be fun and a good thing to do as long as I was prepared. And my parents have always encouraged me not to let hemophilia be the only factor in ANY decision.”21What has stopped Adam from participating in some Scouting activities over the years?AInadequate trek exp

131、erience.BHis fear of the wilderness.CLack of camping skills.DHis health condition.22Why did Adam participate in this challenging activity?AHe had a love for it.BHe was eager to be a leader.CHe wanted to set a record.DHis parents decided for him.23Which of the following words can best describe Adam?A

132、Athletic and ambitious.BConsiderate and fearless.CCourageous and determined.DConfident and knowledgeable.（2023上辽宁铁岭高三校联考期中）The stands were always filled with family members to support their favorite players. I attended each of my sons games. His father worked nights for years, and missed out on most

133、 of his games. My son Jorden knew if his dad could, he would be there sitting right beside me. When Jorden was younger, some family members would occasionally come to watch. But gradually they stopped showing up. Never once did Jorden lead me to believe that this bothered him, but apparently it did.

134、 It wasnt until when he was asked to give a speech at his baseball event that he made it very clear not only to me but a room filled with over 150 people just how important it is to have extra fans in the stands. His speech was anything but like I thought it would be. It wasnt short and bittersweet.

135、 It wasnt his quick thank you to his coaches and teammates. He poured his heart out, saying he seldom had grandparents, aunts or uncles coming to support him. He was grateful that his teammates family members showed up to support not just their own loved ones but the entire team of boys. Clearly Jor

136、den desired more than just me. Never did I ever think my son would be hurting inside as he looked out to the bleachers to see only me at each and every game. As he struggled to get each word out through tears, I promised I would attend as many events of the children around as I possibly could. There

137、 was no way I could allow another child to feel what my son was feeling. This small simple gesture would mean so much to any child. Neither Jorden nor I was upset with those who never attended his games. Jorden just wanted someone else besides me to witness his craft in action. I understand all of o

138、ur lives become complicated and that everyone is busy with their own children and jobs that may not allow them as much free time as theyd like.24What do we know about Jordens father?AHe had long been misunderstood by Jorden.BHe had few chances to attend Jordens games.CHe managed to be with Jorden in

139、 every game.DHe had made excuses to miss Jordens games.25What was Jordens speech about?AHis ambition to win the championship.BHis gratitude to his mother and coaches.CHis complaint about his family members.DHis desire for support from more people.26What does the author think of Jordens speech?ADepre

140、ssing.BComplicated.CAstonishing.DAbsurd.27How did the author respond to Jordens speech?AShe tried to be actively involved in childrens games.BShe promised not to miss out on games of every child.CShe offered to invite many relatives to Jordens games.DShe decided to lead Jorden to trust his family me

141、mbers.（2023上宁夏银川高三银川二中校考阶段练习）You can get a clear picture about Deep Work by Cal Newport in 5 minutes. Deep Work tells us professional activities performed in a state of distraction-free concentration that push your cognitive (认知的) capabilties to their limit. These efforts create new value and improv

142、e your skill. The ability to perform deep work is becoming increasingly rare at exactly the same time it is becoming increasingly valuable in our economy. As a consequence, the few who develop the skill, and then make it the core of their working life, will thrive (蓬勃发展) The book tells us the core a

143、bilities for thriving in the new economy, which are the ability to quickly master hard things, the ability to produce a high level, in terms of both quality and speed. If you cant learn, you cant thrive. If you dont produce, you wont thrive- no matter how skilled or talented you are. If you havent m

144、astered deep work, youll struggle to learn hard things. To learn hard things quickly, you must focus intensely without distraction.The key to developing a deep work habit is to move beyond good intentions and add routines and habits to your working life designed to minimize a state of unbroken conce

145、ntration. To master the art of deep work, therefore, you must take back control of your time and attention from the many entertainments on the Internet that attempt to steal them. Adopt a tool only if its positive impacts on these factors substantially outweigh its negative impacts. Its crucial that

146、 you figure out in advance what youre going to do with your evenings and weekends before they begin.In the end of Deep Work, we can know that the ability to-concentrate is a skill that gets valuable things done. If youre struggling to use your mind to its fullest capacity to create things that matte

147、r, then youll discover, as others have before you, that depth generates a life rich with productivity and meaning.28What is presented in the first paragraph?AAccurate analyses.BPractical examples.CDaring expectation.DTheoretical introduction.29Who will have a particular advantage in this new economy

148、?AThose whore the best at what they do.BThose willing to give others a hand.CThose whore very skilled or talented.DThose easy to get along well with.30Which of the following can help develop a deep work habit?AForming a simple habit.BMaking a flexible schedule.CQuitting social media.DUsing on-demand

149、 distraction.31What is the text?AA news report.BAn exam paper.CAn economic article.DA book review.（2023上辽宁沈阳高三校联考期中）As students return to school this fall, many of them perhaps especially those from historically disadvantaged student groups will be starting the academic year with achievement levels

150、lower than where they were at the beginning of summer break. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as summer learning loss. We review what is known about summer loss and offer suggestions for schools looking to solve the problem. The recent studies on summer loss have been rather comprehensive. O

151、ne study found that students, on average, lost between 25-30 percent of their school-year learning over the summer; additionally, black and Latino students tended to gain less over the school year and lose more over the summer compared to white students. However, an analysis of the national study fo

152、und little evidence of overall loss over the summers after grades K and 1, and the summer loss gaps widened in some subjects and grades but not others. Von Hippel and Hamrock re-analyzed two earlier data sets and concluded that gaps “do not necessarily. . . grow fastest over the summer”. Thus, it se

153、ems summer loss occurs, though not universally across geography, grade level or subject. Schools want to address the issue of summer learning loss not only because it may widen achievement gaps, but also because it “wastes” so much of the knowledge students have gained during the school year. Summer

154、 loss also undoubtedly increases the amount of time teachers have to spend “re-teaching” last years content. Traditionally, educators and policy makers have relied on conventional summer school programs to solve summer learning loss. Not surprisingly, research suggests that programs are more effecti

155、ve when students attend consistently and spend more time on task academically. Regardless of the design, these policies should offer engaging options for students over the summer so that summer learning programs do not feel like punishment for students who would rather be enjoying summer vacation. D

156、oing so would set more students up for success as the school year gets underway.32Whats the authors aim by writing Paragraph 1?ATo raise a question.BTo make a comparison.CTo analyze the figures.DTo illustrate an example.33According to the studies, what can we know about summer learning loss?AImmigra

157、nt students experienced the most summer loss.BWhite students did not lose learning over the summer.CSummer learning loss after grades K and 1 was alarming.DSummer learning loss seemed to vary in grades and subjects.34Why do schools want to solve the problem according to the fourth paragraph?AIt may

158、narrow achievement gaps.BIt may cause repetitive work for teachers.CIt may stop students gaining more knowledge.DIt may increase teachers new teaching content.35What does the author think of summer school programs?AThe conventional programs are ineffective.BStudents should do all academic tasks.CMor

159、e choices should be provided for students.DThe programs are punishment for many student.（2023四川成都校联考三模）I was traveling with my husband and three teenage sons in the United States. We ordered our food at a fast-food place, and with my meal I also wanted a blueberry pie. My husband is the chatty one i

160、n the family and likes to socialize, so he started a conversation about the place where blueberries grow with the waitress. She answered, with some anxiety, “They grow on trees.”The whole familys jaws dropped! How could this girl not know where blueberries grow? We tried not to embarrass her, and ju

161、st took the opportunity to teach her a little about how blueberries grow, on small shrubs (灌木) on the ground. She seemed to appreciate learning something new. We cant know all the same things, as youll see from the next thing Im going to tell you.In 2002 our family made a short trip to a coffee plan

162、tation. The road to the plantation was narrow, filled with sharp bends. I worried about hitting another car. We didnt, lucky us! When we finally got to our destination, we learned a lot about the plantation and coffee production, but we didnt see any coffee plants. Where were they? We decided to ask

163、 one of the people working there. “So where are the coffee plants? We cant see them anywhere.”She reached out her arm and caught a twig (细枝) right next to us and explained, “This is the coffee plant and these little things will be coffee beans.” I looked around in embarrassment, as we were surrounde

164、d by coffee plants! She explained that coffee plants arent big and that they have to grow in the shade of other bigger plants. I appreciated her lesson.We love our coffee, but Im sure most of my countrymen would not be able to recognize a coffee plant among other tropical plants if asked. Our jaws c

165、an drop at different things, depending on geographical locations, at what we know and dont know. Never take anything for granted!40By saying “The whole familys jaws dropped!”, the author means that _.Athe waitress was extremely ignorantBthe waitress gave the strangest answerCthe whole family was gre

166、atly surprisedDthe whole family had problems with their mouths41Which of the following best describes the waitress?ACurious.BChatty.CSelf-centered.DStubborn.42What can we learn about the blueberry plant and the coffee plant?AThey produce the same beans.BThey grow in the tropical areas.CThey look very similar to each other.DThey are shrubs growing on the ground.43What message does the author want to convey in the passage?AThe pot calls the kettle black.BTwo heads are better than one.CDont judge a book by its cover.DThere are spots even on the sun.