专题08 阅读理解之词义猜测题-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考通用）（原卷版）.docx

1、专题08 阅读理解之词义猜测题2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析 项目年份 卷别语篇类型题型应用文记叙文说明文议论文细节理解推理判断主旨要义词义猜测2023新高考I卷ABC/D6711新高考卷ABC/D8331全国甲卷ABC/D951全国乙卷BA/CD58112022新高考I卷ACDB10311新高考卷ABC/D7512全国甲卷AC/DB8331全国乙卷AC/DB112112021新高考I卷ABC/D6621新高考卷ABC/D9411全国甲卷ACBD6711全国乙卷A/B/C/D48212020新高考I卷AB/CD7512全国I卷AC/DB4821全国卷ADB/C8232从以上表格可

2、以看出，高考英语对于词义猜测题的考查，每年都有一到两题，它包括单词词义猜测、短语猜测和句子猜测。在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。词义猜测题常用解题方法：定义法、对比法、因果法、常识联想法、例举法、语境线索法、构词法等。猜词题可以使用以下口决：1.指代词：出现指代往前找，单复人物要看好；2.半熟悉词，利用构词法：半生不熟看构词，结合语境来把持；3.纯生词，则利用逻辑关系、同义解释、上下文语境：同义语境和逻辑，上下求索寻真义

3、。题型归纳题型01 定义法【题型诠释】有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等来确定词义。有时通过or, that is, that is to say, namely, in other words等来释义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be,mean, dealwith, beconsidered to be, be called,define, represent,referto,signif

4、y (意味，表明)等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。解这类题时，学生要学会分析句子结构，把握句子的主干部分，利用好一些标识词，然后做出恰当的猜测。【典例1】(安徽省合肥市第168中学高二上学期期末考试)Eat your vegetables. Wash your hands. Always say “please” and “thank you”. We are full of advice for our children, but when it comes to money, we often have little to say. As a result, our childre

5、n may grow up with clean hands and good manners, but without any idea how to manage their money. Here are some basics that will help guide them their entire lives：Show them the future. If your 13-year-old girl were to save1,000, invest (投资) it at 81.000, invest (投资) it at 8,100 every month, by the t

6、ime shes 65, she would have $ 980,983!Be careful of credit (信用). Credit cards can help you buy necessary things and build a credit history, but they must be used responsibly, which means paying off your debt in time. Explain to your children that when you buy something using a credit card, you can e

7、asily end up paying two or three times what you would have paid if you used cash.Teach patience. Suppose your child wants a new bicycle that costs150. Rather than paying the cash, give him some regular pocket money and explain that by putting aside, say, 150. Rather than paying the cash, give him so

8、me regular pocket money and explain that by putting aside, say, 15 each week, he will be able to buy it for himself in only ten weeks.Provideincentive. Tell your children the importance of saving. “For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dolla

9、r to the pot,” says Cathy Pareto, expert in money planning. Explain your values. Values and money are deeply intertwined (缠结在一起), says Eilleen Gallo, co-author of The Financially Intelligent Parent. When your child demands that you buy something, explain why you really dont want to buy it. “You migh

10、t say, Id rather save that money for your education,” advises Gallo. Every time you spend or dont spend money, you have a chance to share your values.2. The underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 5 means_.A. honor B. praise C. excitement D. encouragement【答案】D【解析】词义猜测推理题。根据Tell your children the im

11、portance of saving. “For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dollar to the pot,” says Cathy Pareto.引号中的一段话及本段内容是鼓励孩子学会节约，学会节省，故该词应该是指鼓励。故D正确。题型02 对比法【题型诠释】我们还可以利用前后对比来猜测词义。转折连词“but”、让步状语从句、条件从句和“unlike”, “in spite of”, “on the contrary”, “on t

12、he other hand”, “however”等介词、副词能构成前后意义上的对比关系。而as, like, just as also等词则可以帮助构成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。这些都是我们解决猜词的标识词语。看准标识词，弄清楚它们的意思，再通过上下文进行猜测。有些是表示相似的标识词，有些是表示相反的标识词。【典例2】（2023北京海淀石家庄市第四十二中学统考一模）At a museum in Vietnam, Lena Buis film Where Birds Dance Their Last reflected on the beauty and vulnerability o

13、f Vietnamese feather farms after Bird Flu. During a festival in Rwanda, Ellen Reids audio experience Soundwalk was shared in a hopeful discussion about music, parks and mental health. These are a few of the things I have helped bring to life over the years, working at the intersection of scientific

14、research, the arts and advocacy to support science in solving global health challenges.Science is key to addressing these issues. But it isnt the only key. To achieve its potential and for its advances to be implemented and reach all who could benefit, science depends on trust and good relationships

15、. People might not always see science as relevant, trustworthy or meaningful to their lives. There are reasons why some see science as having a chequered past, from nuclear weapons to eugenics, and are therefore uninterested in, or suspicious of, what it proposes. Others feel excluded by the incompr

16、ehensibility of hyper specialist knowledge.In its capacity to build upon and test an evidence base, science is powerful, but researchers and funders havent been as good at ensuring this evidence base responds to the needs and interests of diverse communities, or informs policy makers to take action.

17、 Science might be perceived as distancing itself from the personal, the poetic and the political, yet it is precisely these qualities that can be most influential when it comes to public interest in atopic or how a government prioritizes a decision.A moving story well told can be more memorable than

18、 a list of facts. This is where the arts come in. Artists can give us different perspectives with which to consider and reimagine the world together. They can redress the proclaimed objectivity in science by bringing stories subjectivities into the picture, and these can help foster a sense of conne

19、ction and hope.In 2012, I set up artist residencies in medical research centres around the world. Bui was attached to the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Vietnam. The head of the research team was delighted, finding that Bui, as a Vietnamese artist, had license to be in, and to share use

20、ful insights from, villages where infectious disease researchers werent welcome. Six years later, I led Wellcomes Contagious Cities program, which established artist residencies worldwide to support locally led explorations of epidemic preparedness. The recent pandemic made this work more noticeable

21、, and has informed our Mindscapes program which is currently sharing experiences of mental health through the work of artists.With pandemic, climate and mental health crises upon us, rising inequality and what feels like an increasingly broken world, never has there been more need to build and nurtu

22、re hopeful and imaginative spaces to grow human connection and shared purpose for the common good. Science and the arts can work hand in glove to achieve this.21. What does the underlined word “chequered” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Recent and remote.B. Good and bad.C. Usual and unusual.D. Peace

23、ful and scary.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“People might not always see science as relevant, trustworthy or meaningful to their lives.(人们可能并不总是认为科学与他们的生活相关、值得信赖或有意义)”以及画线词后文“from nuclear weapons to eugenics, and are therefore uninterested in, or suspicious of, what it proposes”可知，人们可能并不总是认为科学与他们的生活相关、值得信赖或有意

24、义，所以有些人认为科学的过去有好有坏，从核武器到优生学，因此对科学提出的东西不感兴趣或怀疑是有原因的。故画线词意思是“有好有坏”。故选B。题型03 因果法【题型诠释】因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系，一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的，不管生词出现在原因分句还是结果分句，我们都能从因果关系中推出其含义。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。常见的表示因果关系的词汇：since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently,

25、 therefore, hence, dueto, owingto, thanksto, onaccountof, resultin, resultfrom, asaresult, forthisreason, accordingly,so.that., so that, such . that等。在做这类题时，根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思，既可由因推果，也可由果推因。【典例3】（2023上辽宁高三辽宁实验中学校考阶段练习）Everyone tries their best in life, and sometimes a few kind words of encour

26、agement can help people realize that their efforts are not in vain (徒劳).remember a time when I was in fifth grade, and I was a very shy girl.There was a drawing competition at my school that day. As everyone started to use their creative ideas to draw, I was only trying to think of something creativ

27、e that could express my thoughts and emotions. Lost in my own world, I was brought back to reality when my art teacher called my name from behind. She came to me and encouraged me, saying, “Dont overthink it, just put whatever comes to your mind on the canvas (画布). Do your best, and you will do well

28、.”Taking her words of wisdom to heart, I started my painting. Time flew by, and soon the bell rang, signaling the end of the time limit. We all turned in our canvases for inspection (检查). The next day, the winners of the competition were announced in front of the whole school. To my surprise, I hear

29、d my name being called second prize. It was a bolt from the blue for me, as I had never dared to dream of winning any prize.Later on, I expressed my gratitude to my art teacher for her words of encouragement and for believing in me. That day, I became aware of my talent and started painting more whe

30、never I had free time. Sometimes, I think that if it werent for her words of encouragement, I may have never discovered the talent I have.Overall, this experience taught me the importance of encouraging others and how a few kind words can make a significant impact on someones life【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三

31、段“To my surprise, I heard my name being called second prize. It was a bolt from the blue for me, as I had never dared to dream of winning any prize. (令我惊讶的是，我听到二等奖里有自己的名字。这对我来说是bolt from the blue，因为我从来不敢梦想赢得任何奖项)”可知，作者做梦都不敢想能得到任何奖品，所以听到自己获奖的消息后感到非常惊讶，划线部分表示“震惊，惊讶”，与surprise同义。故选D。题型04 常识联想法【题型诠释】在仅靠

32、分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。阅读题文段题材丰富，涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解此类阅读题时，也要根据英语国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。【典例4】（2023北京清华附中校考三模）A video circulated on social media earlier this year, showing a tourist opening the door of a vehicle, reaching out an arm and attempting to stroke a passing liones

33、s. The lioness shrugged him off, but it could have easily gone horribly wrong. Reckless behaviour around wildlife risks the safety of both people and animals. People risk being attacked, mauled (撕咬) and possibly killed, while animals can be harmed, removed or put down, irrespective of whether they w

34、ere only defending themselves. Animal attacks can also cast a destination in a negative light, causing temporary closures or scaring off visitors. All just so someone could boast that they had stroked a lion or captured a moment on a camera phone. “Tourists are getting more and more reckless around

35、wildlife and the source of the problem is social media.” says wildlife photographer Anette Mosshachers. “People risking their lives or doing stupid things with wildlife are after likes and followers, something to show off on social media,” says Mossbacher. “The greater the risk, the more likes they

36、get. With some clients, it seems like a sickness or addiction.”Yet social media is not entirely to blame. People have always taken risks for an experience. Foolish behavior and a tendency to get cocky around dangerous animals must have been around since the dawn of humanity. A hunger for attention o

37、nline might drive some of the current madness, but some individuals might be trying to recreate a piece of the action they have seen on television. Perhaps the adrenaline (肾上腺激素) rush when close to wild animals causes an evaporation of common sense. “Theres a worrying lack of awareness that animals

38、several times our size, weight, speed and strength can easily hurt us,”says wildlife photographer David Lloyd. “I dont think parks are doing enough to raise awareness. Tourists need to know how their presence can affect wildlife. A good example is cheetahs (猎豹) on vehicle rooftops. It may be a thril

39、l for the bystanders, but the consequences if a mother cheetah falls off would be severe. She would no longer be able to hunt, so her cubs could easily starve.”“People arent getting the education about why they need to stay away from wildlife, including avoiding diseases, keeping people secure and l

40、etting wildlife be wild,” says Philip Muruthi, vice president of species conservation and science for the African Wildlife Foundation. “We need to educate tourists through signs, pamphlets and frontline drivers. We should stick to guidelines, and there needs to be enforcement through the law.”18. Wh

41、at does the underlined word “cocky” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Selfish.B. Frightened.C. Arrogant.D. Shocked.【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题之常识联想法。根据第四段中“People have always taken risks for an experience. Foolish behavior and a tendency to get cocky around dangerous animals must have been around since the dawn of

42、 humanity. (人们总是为了体验而冒险。自人类诞生以来，在危险动物面前愚蠢的行为和cocky倾向一定一直存在)”可知，冒险是人类的本性，结合并列词组“Foolish behavior”可知推知，“get cocky”也是一种鲁莽的、不理性的表现，结合选项，cocky与arrogant同义，意为“傲慢的”。故选C项。题型05例举法【题型诠释】通过一些例子说明生词的词义, 用such as, for example, like, for instance等来引出。在特定的情况下，作者通过一连串同一类型或范畴的词语来表达其思想，如果有一生词就在一系列同范畴的词语中，可以通过这些词的特征和语义

43、范围来推断出生词的词义范围。解决这类题时，学生要看准表示举例的标识词，除了前面提到的外，还可能有i.e., that is, that is to say等。 【典例5】（2023上天津高三天津实验中学校考阶段练习）A world-champion body builder has no more muscles than does a 90-pound person who is physically weak. So what makes him so strong? What other qualities does he need?Muscles are made of thousan

44、ds of stringy fibers-a number that is fixed during childhood-which contract(收缩）when doing work. Strength does not depend on the number of fibers but on the function of their thickness and how many of them contract at the same time.Exercise actually damages the muscles. During the recovery stage, the

45、 muscle fibers increase in size. Exercise also trains more muscle fibers to work at one time. If a muscle is weak or untrained, for example, only 10 percent of its fibers will contract, whereas up to 90 percent of the fibers in a weight lifters biceps (二头肌）will contract.Aside from the strength, two

46、other factors go into making an athlete: fitness and endurance. Fitness is related to the condition of the heart. During exercises, there is an increase in the amount of blood returning to the heart from the muscles. A typical volume for a runner at rest is about 5 quarts a minute, compared with 30

47、quarts during a vigorous trial(运动测试). This greater volume means more work for the heart-a muscular balloon that expands and contract is to take in blood and push it out. Like any other muscle, the heart enlarges and gets stronger with routine exercise.Endurance, or the length of time muscles can wor

48、k, depends in part on how much fuelin this case sugar-the muscles can store. A muscle that is continually exercised until it runs out of sugar tends to store more when it refuels at the next meal. And more sugar can translate into greater endurance the next time the muscle is put to the test.13. Wha

49、t does the author mean by saying “this greater volume means more work for the heart”?A. The heart bears the task of making more blood during a vigorous trial.B. The heart needs to bear the fast heart beating during a vigorous trial.C. The heart takes in more blood and pushes it out during a vigorous

50、 trial.D. The heart enlarges and becomes stronger routinely during a vigorous trial.【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段倒第二句中的“a muscular balloon that expands and contract is to take in blood and push it out”(一个可以扩张和收缩的肌肉气球的作用是吸收血液并将其排出)可知，作者的意思是心脏吸收更多的血液，并在运动测试中将其排出体外。故选C。题型06语境线索法【题型诠释】根据综合语境，通过一定的语言逻辑关系，加以推理判断，从

51、而理解生词词义。阅读题文段题材丰富。涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解阅读题时，也要根据英语国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。这类题型包括文化语境线索、语境标记线索和词汇语境线索。语言标记中的标点符号逗号、分号、破折号、括号，甚至还包括句号，对语境线索的提示作用和句子间的关联作用很重要。【典例6】（2023上辽宁高三辽宁实验中学校考阶段练习）After college I wanted to make a difference in the world, so I joined the Peace Corps and became a volunteer te

52、acher in Namibia, my country of assignment (任务). Honestly, my first choice wasnt Africa, but I am extremely grateful that I was sent there.Various tribes and racial groups live in Namibia and a number of languages are spoken. When Namibia gained independence in 1990, English became the official lang

53、uage. Teachers were supposed to teach in English, but many lacked the language skills to do so. My job was to train the teachers.Schools were quite bare. Some classrooms consisted merely of sticks stuck in the sand and a metal roof. Each student had only one threadbare uniform. The students had exha

54、usting days. They walked miles to get to school, often barefoot. They also did many daily chores. Even with their mountains of work, few possessions and little opportunity, these children were joyful. I admired that.This was my first time living abroad in a different culture. Simply adapting to the

55、living conditions was a big adjustment. I had no electricity, running water, phone or Internet. Imagine no air conditioning where the temperature was often above 38 degrees Celsius! However, I could end each day with a splendid African sunset. And at night, I could have an incredible pollution-free

56、view of the entire Milky Way (银河).Before Namibia, I never thought a girl like me would adapt to such an environment. My experience awakened me to not only the limitations we place on ourselves, but also our amazing ability to adapt.Step outside of your comfort zone and throw yourself in another cult

57、ure. You wont regret it.28. What does the underlined word “threadbare” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Ancient.B. Uncomfortable.C. Ugly.D. Shabby.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“often barefoot”以及“few possessions”可知，孩子们的生活非常艰苦，而且由画线词前面的“only one”可知，他们每人仅有一件校服，所以“threadbare”应表示“破旧的”，故只有D项“shabby”符合语境，故选D。题型07构词法【题型诠释】在

58、英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。中学英语常见的前缀和后缀有：super-超;过于inter-互相;在之间micro-极微小的re-再, 反复sub-次于., 在底下co-共同post- (在之)后pre- (在之)前trans-超越；转换under-在之下；低于；anti-反；防(止)mis-不；非un/in/im/ir- dis-不；非; 无non-不；非Sino-中国(人)的-able可被的-hood状态；性质；时期-ish如的；有点儿的-proof防的； 抗的-ship身份；资格；权力；

59、-some引起的;产生的-wards向-less不能的；无的学生应该尽可能多记一些前后缀，不要混淆。还有一些常见的前缀或后缀，比如un/in/im/ir- dis-不；非; 无，都可以表示否定，则应该重点记住高中阶段学过的一些词。【典例7】（2016上黑龙江牡丹江高二统考期末）Have you ever had the strange feeling that you were being watched? You turned around and, sure enough, someone was looking right at you!Parapsychologists (灵学家) s

60、ay that humans have a natural ability to sense when someone is looking at them. To research whether such a “sixth sense” really exists, Robert Baker, a psychologist (心理学家) at the University of Kentucky, did two experiments.In the first one, Baker sat behind unknowing people in public places and star

61、ed (盯着) at the backs of their heads for 5 to 15 minutes. The subjects (受试者) were eating, drinking, reading, studying, watching TV, or working at a computer. Baker made sure that the people could not tell that he was sitting behind them during those periods. Later, when he questioned the subjects, al

62、most all of them said they had no sense that someone was staring at them.For the second experiment, Baker told the subjects that they would be stared at from time to time from behind in a laboratory setting. The people had to write down when they felt they were being stared at and when they werent.

63、Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were stared at and when they werent.Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and s

64、ee for themselves.”2. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means _.A. valueB. resultC. performanceD. connection【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。最后一段表明心理学家Baker得出结论，因此根据第一句话Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at.得知“outcome”在此处为“结果”，故选B。高考练场

65、题型01 对比法(2022年6月浙江卷C篇)Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation (适度) also gets results on the job. In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up languag

66、e. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is r

67、elated to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesnt pay to be a perfectionist. How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his coll

68、eagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, A

69、ustin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood (情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort. Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are worki

70、ng on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at wor

71、k.”8. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone who _.A. is good at handling pressureB. works hard to become successfulC. a has a natural talent for his job.D. gets on well with his co-workers题型02 因果法(2022年高考英语北京卷D篇)Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A f

72、riend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. Ive also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physici

73、st Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate chan

74、ge in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they cant keep. “Whats new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts mor

75、e attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential. If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone th

76、rough stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I r

77、ead the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnsons concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a ver

78、y large margin (幅度)” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could

79、 PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most prob

80、ably mean?A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.题型03 常识联想法(2021年6月新高考2卷B篇）I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos dont make it to adulthood, so I decided

81、to give them round-the-clock care at home. Ive got two childrenthe younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasnt worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. Thes

82、e were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk. As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise theyd get up to mischief. Wed come down in the morn

83、ing to find theyd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a b

84、it of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors. When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the

85、first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs werent there. Im not sad about it. Im hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?A. Behave badly.B. Los

86、e their way.C. Sleep soundly.D. Miss their mom.题型04例举法(2020全国III卷B篇)When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they werent there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, o

87、ne activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records

88、an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment

89、or animals in filmed entertainment, iskeeping tabs onmore than 2, 000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants”, “The Hangover Part ” and “Zookeeper”, have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.In some

90、cases, its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions

91、filmed in the States.3. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.题型05语境线索法(2021年6月全国甲卷C篇)When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathro

92、w, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding,

93、where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant dont worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (橫杆), I fell ont

94、o the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting:“Safe! Safe! Safe!”And thats what matteredlanding tricks, being a good skater.When I was 15, my family moved to Was

95、hington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, Id given it up.When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. Ive traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day w

96、as cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded (滑) up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to h

97、im. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”2. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Dont worry.名校模拟A(20

98、23上湖南长沙高二湖南师大附中校联考期中) Travel has become increasingly inconvenient and sometimes impossible over the last couple of years. However, museums around the world are digitizing their collections, enabling people to tour the museums from afar.The British Museum, LondonThe British Museum contains objects fr

99、om around the world, including the Rosetta Stone, with three versions of a text that helped researchers learn to read ancient Egyptian. The Great Courts ceiling, in the middle of the museum, is composed of 3212 pieces of glass, none of which are alike. The virtual tour of the museum offers a 360-deg

100、ree view of the room, allowing visitors to look at every piece.MASP, S o PauloThe first modern museum in Brazil, the Museu de Arte de So Paulo includes art from the 14th to the 20th centuries. The paintings, which are placed on glass panels, appear to be floating in mid-air. This setup, included in

101、the virtual tour shows, makes the art appear almost magical.National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, KoreaThis Korean museum includes four branches in different cities and features works of art from Korea and around the world. The art includes a variety of media such as print, sculpture and p

102、hotography. There are also online exhibitions such as “Artists in Their Times” which traces trends in Korean art since the late 1970s.The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles CountyThis museum, with locations in two different places, features art going back to The Neolithic Period. Its virtual tour, ac

103、cessible through Google Arts & Culture, offers views of more recent works, including some by van Gogh and Renoir. Another platform, Xplorlt, also features views of some of the museums outdoor spaces.1. What can we learn about The British Museum?A. It is best known for the Rosetta Stone.B. It tel

104、ls the changes of ancient Egyptian.C. It is made up of several pieces of glass.D. It houses exhibits from different countries.2. Which museum may suit visitors interested in van Goghs works?A. The British Museum.B. MASP, So Paulo.C. National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art.D. The J. Paul Getty

105、 Museum.3. What do the listed museums have in common?A. They have several branches.B. They display their paintings in mid-air.C. They can be visited in your own home.D. They are accessible on Google Arts & Culture.B(2023上湖南高三雅礼中学校考期中) At Jenner Park primary School in Wales, pupils between the ag

106、es of seven and nine are writing letters to residents of a local care home. The initiative sees children and their elderly pen pals (笔友) exchange updates about their lives, helping to build relationships between generations while also giving the children an understanding of the value of writing lett

107、ers by handan activity thats becoming less and less common.Laura Johnson, the teacher who coordinates (协调) the scheme at Jenner Park, says: “All of our writing is for a purpose. Thats the key in getting children to value handwriting.” As soon as you put an audience there, knowing that someone out th

108、ere is going to be reading itwhether thats parents or another group of childrentheres always the real sense of pride to go along with it,” says Johnson.The school maintains a focus on handwriting throughout the years, from dedicated handwriting classes in the prep school to a calligraphy club offere

109、d to the older groups. It has created something called the pen license. It allows younger children to move from using a pencil to pen once theyve reached a certain standard. “Theres a lot of excitement about reaching that pen licence stage,” says Johnson.Johnson adds that developing students writing

110、 in this way matters for their life after school: “For us, its important that we create citizens of the future who have a set of life skills that can make them successful.” The dominance of technology is a challenge, she admits, but she also believes both tools have their place. “Obviously were comp

111、eting with technology continuously.” she says. “And I know there are people there saying you dont need to bother about handwriting because tech is out there. But we dont see it as competing. Were trying to get pupils to realize that theres a place for handwriting and to know when its important to us

112、e each.”4. Why does the school launch the initiative?A. To help children to find the meaning of handwriting.B. To encourage children to show pity for the aged.C. To persuade children to choose proper courses.D. To urge children to acknowledge the audience.5. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us abou

113、t the school?A. Its after-class activities.B. Its practice in handwriting.C. Its academic achievements.D. Its innovation in technology.6. What can we infer from the last paragraph about handwriting?A. It will win against technology.B. It will give way to technology.C. It will co-exist with technolog

114、y.D. It will cause confusion to people.7. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Handwriting promotes the pen pal schemeB. Slow communication reduces misunderstandingC. Creative ideas for dealing with challenges gain popularityD. Putting pen to paper contributes to a love of the written wordC

115、(2023上湖南高三长郡中学校考阶段练习) Parents have been urged to stop pretending Father Christmas is real in case the “lie” damages relations with their children. Making up stories about Santa risks destroying a childs trust and is morally unbelievable, according to two experts.Psychologist Professor Christopher Bo

116、yle and social scientist Dr. Kathy McKay also criticize the idea employed by parentsSanta Claus judges children to be nice or naughty. Writing in a well-known journal, they argue, “If they are capable of lying about something so special and magical, can they be relied upon to continue as the guardia

117、ns of wisdom and truth?”Defending the claims, Prof Boyle said, “The morality of making children believe in such myths has to be questioned. All children will eventually find out theyve been consistently lied to for years, and this might make them wonder what other lies theyve been told. Whether its

118、right to make children believe in Father Christmas is an interesting question, and its also interesting to ask whether lying in this way will affect children in ways that have not been considered.”Dr. McKay, from the University of New England in Australia, said there was clear evidence from the worl

119、d of make-believe in movies and TV that adults looked for a chance to be children again. “The persistence of fandom (影迷) in stories like Harry Potter and Star Wars indicates their desire to briefly re-enter childhood,” she said. “However,” she added, “if adults have been lying about Santa, even thou

120、gh it has usually been well intentioned, what else is a lie? If Santa isnt real, are fairies real? Is magic? Is God?”They conclude, “Many people may long for a time when imagination was accepted and encouraged, which may not be the case in adult life. Might it be the case that the harshness of real

121、life requires the creation of something better, something to believe in, something to hope for in the future or to return to a long-lost childhood a long time ago in a galaxy far far away?”8. What did parents do that drew criticism from Dr. Kathy McKay?A. They were fond of Harry Potter and Star Wars

122、.B. They acted as the guardians of wisdom and truth.C. They said Santa Claus could judge a kid to be good or bad.D. They have told many lies to their children besides Santa Claus.9. What can be implied in the passage?A. Parents are capable of making up stories about Santa Claus.B. Lies about Santa C

123、laus can have a negative impact upon children.C. Stories about Santa Claus develop childrens trust in their parents.D. Experts think it right to make children believe in Father Christmas.10. Why are adults fond of watching fictional movies?A. They desire to return to the long-lost childhood.B. Every

124、thing will become better in movies than in real life.C. They want to get away from pressure from life and work.D. They didnt watch such exciting movies when they were young.11. What is the authors attitude toward parents lying about Santa Claus?A. Positive.B. Indifferent.C. Disappointed.D. Concerned

125、.D(2023上湖南高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习) The streets, sidewalks and roofs of cities all absorb heat during the day, making some urban areas across the United States up to 6 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than rural ones during the dayand 22 degrees F hotter at night. These “urban heat islands”can also develop undergrou

126、nd as the city heat spreads downward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and other underground infrastructure also constantly bleed heat into the surrounding earth, creating hotspots. Now the underground heat is building up as the planet warms.According to a new study of downtown Chi

127、cago, underground hotspots may threaten the very same structures that emit the heat in the first place. Such temperature changes make the ground around them expand and contract (收缩) enough to cause potential damage. “Without anyone realizing it, the city of Chicagos downtown was deforming,” says the

128、 studys author Alessandro F. Rotta Loria, a civil and environmental engineer at Northwestern University.The findings, published in Communications Engineering, expose a “silent hazard (危险)” to civil infrastructure in cities with soft er ground especially those near water Rotta Loria says. “There migh

129、t have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened, and we didnt even realize,” he adds. While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives, this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change.Similar to climate c

130、hange above the surface, these underground changes occur over long periods of time. “These effects took decades, a century, to develop,” Rotta Loria says, adding that elevated underground temperatures would likewise take a long time to dissipate (逐渐消失) on their own.But other researchers interviewed

131、for this story all say this wasted energy could also be recycled, presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs. Subway tunnels and basements could be updated with technologies to recapture the heat. For example, water pipes could be installed to run through undergro

132、und hotspots and pick up some of the heat energy.12. What can we learn about the “urban heat islands”?A. They can develop underground structures.B. They are impacted by global warming.C. They can destroy the ground around.D. They only exist in the United States.13. Why does Alessandro F. Rotta Loria

133、 mention “silent hazard” in paragraph 3?A. To discuss structural issues.B. To categorize climate change.C. To explain underground heat.D. To emphasize the neglected reality.14. What will the author probably write about in the paragraph that follows?A. The future of tunnels and basements.B. The reusi

134、ng approaches of heat energy.C. The cost of maintaining structures.D. The evolution of underground environment.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Warming Underground, Weakening SurfaceB. A Silver Lining of Global WarmingC. Urban Silent Islands in the MakingD. A Silent Crisis in Downtown Chicago