专题11 2022年中考英语易错题精讲精练-动词语态.docx

1、2022年中考英语易错题精讲精练-动词语态常见时态的被动语态1一般现在时：am/is/aredone如：It is made in China 它是中国制造的。2一般过去时：was/weredone如：The bridge was built in 1980.这座桥建于1980年。3一般将来时：willbedone如：She will be trained by her father.她将受训于她爸爸。4情态动词：情态动词bedone如：Work must be done in two days.工作必须在两天之内完成。5现在完成时：have/hasbeendone如：The room has

2、 been cleaned.房间已经被打扫干净了。被动语态用法的难点1某些动词形式是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。如：This dictionary sells well.这种字典销售得很好。The woolen sweater costs $88.这件羊毛衫卖88美元。That car needs repairing.That car needs to be repaired.那辆车需要修理。The soup tastes delicious.这汤尝起来味道很好。2主动语态中有些动词，如：make，see，listen，watch，feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态要

3、带上to。如：He made the boy work for him.The boy was made to work for him.这男孩被迫为他工作。3动词短语变成被动短语时，动词短语后面的介词或副词不能省略。The baby was looked after by her sister.这婴儿由她姐姐照顾。His plan was laughed at by everyone.大家都嘲笑他的计划。4形容词cheap，comfortable，dangerous，important，interesting，nice等接不定式做状语时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。A bicycle is

4、cheap to run.使用自行车是很经济的。This question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。被动语态的注意事项1. 只有及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词(词组)如happen，take place，appear，disappear等和连系动词look，feel，sound，smell，get，turn等没有被动语态。 What happened to her?她发生了什么事? You look good.你看起来不错。The famous writers new book will come out soon. 那位著名作家的新书马上就要出版了。

5、The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 约65万年前恐龙灭绝。2. 有些动词常用被动语态。如: He was born in Nanjing.他生于南京。 This mobile phone was made in China. 这部手机是中国制造的。3. 有些不及物动词，常用主动语态，和well，easily等副词连用，含有被动意义。如：read，write，draw，sell，wash，cook，clean等。The books sell well. 这此书很畅销。 The pen writes smonthly.这支笔写

6、起来很顺滑。 This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。 4. 在感官动词see，hear，watch，notice等和使役动词let，make，have等的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的to常省去，但在被动语态中要加to。如: The teacher made him retell the story. He was made to retell the story (by the teacher). 老师让他复述这个故事。5. 主动语态中若有双宾语，变为被动语态时，两个宾语都可以改为被动语态的主语；通常情况下是把主动语态中的间接宾语(sb.)改为被动语态的主语；如果把直接宾

7、语(sth.)改为被动语态的主语，间接宾语(sb.)前要加上相应的介词to或for。如: Father gave me a book. =A book was given to me by Father. =I was given a book by Father. 父亲送我一本书。6. 在require, need，be worth (形容词), deserve 等后用动名词主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式被动语态。如： My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。我的旧自行车需要修一下。7. 特殊结构表达被

8、动含义make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己); have /get sth. done ( 让人做某事或表示遭遇不幸) Ill have the bike repaired in no time.I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping. He got his leg broken when playing football. I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved. 【练一练

9、】（20小题）1What are on show in the library？ Some photos _ on the Great Wall（）Aare takenBtakenCare takingDwere taken【答案】B【解析】意思：在图书馆里在展出什么？一些在长城拍的照片此句是省略句，省去了主句内容，photos与take是被动关系，为过去分词短语做定语，表示被动的意义所以选：B2My advice on learning English _ .（）AacceptedBis acceptedCacceptsDare accepted【答案】B【解析】意思：我的关于学习英语的建议

10、被接受了。这个句子的中心语是我的建议。advice是不可数名词，处理成单数，所以用is accepted.所以选：B。3You should finish the work at the end of the week（改为被动语态）The work should_ at the end of the week【答案】be finished【解析】be finished 通过对比前后两个句子，发现前一句子的宾语the work成了后一个句子的主语，由物充当，谓语动词为finish，所以这里主语the work成了动词finish的动作承受者，表工作被完成，应用被动语态，前有情态动词should

11、，所以这里需要运用含有情态动词的被动语态，其构成为情态动词（should）+be+动词的过去分词因为已经给出should，所以填写be finished4In 1958， pinyin_by Chinese linguist（语言学家） Zhou Youguang and his team（）AdesignsBdesignedCis designedDwas designed【答案】D【解析】意思：1958年拼音由中国语言学家周有光和他的团队设计动词design和主语是被动关系，in 1958是表示过去的时间状语；根据句意1958年拼音由中国语言学家周有光和他的团队设计和语法可知，要用一般过去

12、时的被动语态，其构成为was/ were done，其它选项不符合语法所以选：D。5The bush fires in Australia _ after a few months， leaving millions of animals dead（）Awere run outBrun outCwere put outDput out【答案】c【解析】意思：澳大利亚的丛林大火在几个月后被扑灭，造成数百万动物死亡run out表示用光、花光put out表示扑灭根据题干及背景知识可知澳大利亚的丛林大火在几个月后被扑灭，造成数百万动物死亡，主语fires和put out是被动关系，表示被扑灭，且表

13、示过去发生的事情，则应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是was/were done所以选：C6Our school sports meet _ next week Which sport will you take part in？The long jump and the high jump Im good at jumping（）AholdsBheldCwas heldDwill be held【答案】D【解析】意思：下周我们学校将举行运动会你将要参加哪一项运动？长跑和跳高我擅长跳高hold表示举行、举办根据题干中next week可知此处应用一般将来时，其次主语sports meet和谓语

14、动词hold是被动关系，即被举行，则此处应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构是主语+will be done所以选：D。7Some new airports_in the west of our country It will save our time to go there（）AbuildBwill buildCwill be builtDwere built【答案】C【解析】意思：在我们国家西部将要修建一些新的机场它将节省我们去那里的时间根据题干中It will save our time to go there可知此处描述的是将要发生的事情，则应用一般将来时其次主语airports和谓语b

15、uild表示是被动关系，表示被修建，则此处应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构是主语+will be done，则此处应填写will be built所以选：C8The World Expo（世博会） in Shanghai now（）Abeing hadBis havingCis holdingDis being held【答案】D【解析】意思：世博会现在正在上海举行根据The World Expo（世博会）in Shanghai now可知这句话的主语是The World Expo，是动作的承受者，它和动词hold构作成被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，根据now可知应该用现在进行时态，所以应用现

16、在进行时态的被动语态，现在进行时态的被动语态的构成：be+being+过去分词所以选：D9Do you need any help？No， thanks We_a lot of support since last year（）Ahave offeredBhave been offeredCwere offeredDwere offering【答案】B【解析】意思：你需要帮助吗？不，谢谢自去年以来，我们得到了许多支持根据since last year，可知时态是现在完成时主语是动作的承受者没有现在完成时的被动语态have/has been+过去分词所以选：B。10The DongyingHai

17、nan airline for about 5monthsI have taken the flights three times（）Ais openBhas openedChas been openDhas been opened【答案】C【解析】意思：东营海南航线已开通五个月了我已经乘坐过这个航班三次了易错点睛：，根据The DongyingHainan airlinefor about 5months，可知for+时间段，是现在完成时的时间标志，所以应用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词，open是非延续性动词，所以要变成be+open的系表结构，又知现在完成时的结构为have/has+动

18、词的过去分词所以选：C11I had my old bicycle_（fix） up in order to give it away to charity【答案】fixed【解析】意思：为了捐献给慈善机构，我把我的旧自行车送去修好了易错点睛：答案：fixed have sth done是固定结构在这个搭配里have是使役动词表示使被其中sth 和done是被动关系在本题中I had my old bicycle fixed up 意思是使我的自行车被修理，是被动关系所以填fixed12When should we hand in my paper？Your paper must _as so

19、on as the bell _（）Abe handed in，ringsBbe handed in，will ringChand in ，ringsDhand in，will ring【答案】A【解析】意思：我应该什么时候交试卷？ 铃一响，就必须交上来根据Your paper must _as soon as the bell ，可知这里as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主句用must引导的句子，从句用一般现在时，而这里主语paper是动作hand in是承受者，句子使用被动语态，含有情态动词的被动语态的构成情态动词+be+动词的过去分词所以选：A13 Final exam is co

20、ming， Tom Dont watch TV for too long Im not a kid any more I _ what to do（）Ashould always be toldBshould always tellCshouldnt always be toldDshouldnt always tell【答案】C【解析】意思：期末考试快到了，汤姆，不要看太长时间的电视我不再是小孩子了，我不应该总是被告诉怎么做考查被动语态结合语境我不再是小孩子了可知，主语I我是动词tell告诉，动作的承受者，表示不应该被告诉做什么用情态动词的被动语态否定结构是情态动词+not+be+动词的过去

21、分词tell的过去分词是told所以选：C14Nuclear weapons_（must give） up【答案】must be given【解析】意思：必须放弃使用核武器根据句中主语是Nuclear weapons是谓语动词give up 的承受者，二者是被动关系，所以用被动语态，又知句中含有情态动词must，所以该空用含有情态动词的被动语态，含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词，所以填must be given。15. You may go fishing if your work_ .A. is done B. will be done C. has done

22、 D. have done【答案】A【解析】意思：如果你的工作完成了你可以去钓鱼。考察被动语态的时态。if的主将从现，work和谓语之间属于动宾关系。16. When shall we go to watch the basketball match in the sports centre?_tomorrow. A.Until the work will be done B.Until the work is doneC.Not until the work will be done D.Not until the work is done【答案】D【解析】意思：-我们什么时候去看体育中心的

23、篮球比赛？ -直到明天工作被完成好。考察被动语态的时态。Not until引导的从句用一般现在时，work和do之间动宾。17. Great changes_in my hometown and a lot of factories_. A.have been taken place;are being built B.have taken place;have been built C.are taken place;have built D.took place;will be built【答案】B【解析】take place 无被动语态，根据句意发生在过去，对现在造成了影响。后半句的工厂

24、和build之间是动宾。18. The cakes in the restaurant_,so they_well. A.are tasted better;are sold B.are tasted well;sell C.taste terrible;are sold D.taste nice;sell 【答案】D【解析】感官动词无被动语态，sell well表示“畅销”，属于属性，无被动语态。19. Bangkok,the capital of Thailand,_(know) as the City of ANgels.【答案】 is known【解析】考察动词的时态和语态。考察动词短语be known as。20. As soon as he _ (offer) a well-paid job, he called his parents to tell them the good news.【答案】 was offered【解析】as soon as主过从过。He和offer之间动宾，所以是一般过去时的被动语态。