专题16 阅读理解 2020-2021学年【教育机构专用教材 寒假作业】九年级英语提分方案（外研版）【学科网名师堂】.docx

1、专题16 阅读理解2020-2021学年【教育机构专用教材+寒假作业】九年级英语提分方案（外研版）序号内容第一部分题型简介第二部分做题技巧第三部分寒假作业：阅读理解题型考点精准把关练（中考真题直击要点）一、题型简介阅读理解主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解短文中考主要文体包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，考点包括细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断、观点态度、写作意图、段落大意、标题归纳等。二、阅读理解题型做题技巧 一、分门别类识别文体。记叙文阅读主要抓六大要素，时间地点、人物和事件的起因经过和结果。除此之外，还要注意人物之间的关系、表现，再从中分析人物

2、的思想品质、性格特征等。议论文是阐明对人或事的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理从而得出结论。应用文能站近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、 广告、便条、中清书、个人简历等，形式多样，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。二、统览全篇摘录要点阅读理解是对整前文章的目的、意园、观点、立场、志度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接获取的，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出

3、。抽录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。三、开动脑筋推测词义初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料。换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下几种方法完成内化过程:(1)根据上下文猜测调义。(2)根据构词法猜测词义。前缓un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy; fair unfair; important-unimportant等。缀-ment表名词，如develop development; state statement; argue- argument等。后最-er、-or

4、或-ist表同源名词，如calculate- calculator; visit- visitor; law- lawyer; art-artist等。四、用知识和生活经验理解短文如根据化学知识，可以理解Walter is made from oxygen and hydrogen;根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逆细推理实际上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。五、条分缕析理解长旬物型，相生间选理制的对点之一，长句中酒常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类

5、句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句短语等经过分析，化整为零，化默为简，此句就不难理解了。 三、寒假作业：阅读理解题型考点精准把关练直击中考阅读理解题型四大文体阅读理解应用文（一）【湖南省长沙市】1. The Yum Restaurant stays open for _ in total.A. two hoursB. three hoursC. five hours2. From the menu above, we know that _.A. bread and butter goes with startersB. there are four kin

6、ds of different ice creamC. the desserts are available for both lunch and dinner【文章大意】这是一则百胜餐厅的营业广告信息。列举了开胃小吃，主食，甜点，饮料等食品名称以及价格。还包括营业时间等信息。1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据表格中的内容Lunch served 12: 302: 30 p.m./Dinner served 6: 009: 00 p.m.可知，午餐营业两个小时，晚餐营业三个小时，共计五个小时。答案为C。2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据表格中的信息All starters are served w

7、ith bread and butter.所有的开胃小菜都配有面包和黄油。故答案为A。（二）【 湖南省长沙市】3. If you are accepted as part of the audience by EZ Comedy Club, you can _.A. perform thereB. watch a live showC. record your own comedies4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the poster（海报）?A. The host of the show.B. The way to join th

8、e audience.C. Recording time and location.5. We can infer（推断）from the poster that the show could be _.A. very seriousB. quite funnyC. kind of boring【文章大意】这是EZ喜剧俱乐部为一场演出而发布的一则海报。介绍了演出的时间、地点、联系方式以及注意事项。3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中句子The greatest live show ever is coming to town! Do you want to be part of the liv

9、e audience(观众)?有史以来最伟大的现场表演即将到来！你想成为现场观众的一部分吗？由此可知如果你被EZ喜剧俱乐部接受为观众的一部分，可以观看现场表演。故答案为B。4. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中信息How to join the audience? Please email us the following information atezccaudience2019(可知，海报中介绍了加入现场观众的方式；根据文中信息Recording Time Friday, July 12, 2019 Recording Location(位置)361 3 Ave. New Haven. C

10、T可知，海报中介绍了录制时间和地点。没有提到节目主持人。故答案为A。5. B【解析】推理判断题。根据海报的标题LAUGH YOUR HEAD OFF! 狂笑不止，捧腹大笑。以及文中句子youll have an amazing afternoon at EZ Comedy Club.你将在EZ喜剧俱乐部度过一个美妙的下午。由此我们可以从海报上推断出这个节目可能很有趣。故答案为B。阅读理解记叙文（一）【湖北省咸宁市】 In ancient times, there was a king who loved flowers. His palace was always decorated with

11、 beautiful orchids(兰花) and other flowers. As the king grew older, he knew that one day he would have to give up his throne(王位). So he had to find someone to rule the country.The other day, the king had an idea. He asked his servants to travel to every part of the country and give every citizen a sin

12、gle orchid seed(种子). He then announced that the person who grew the most beautiful orchid would take his throne. Everyone in the country then got their own seed. One young man named David was especially excited about the news, because he had experience in growing flowers himself. David planted his s

13、eed in a pot and put it in a place where it would get lots of sunlight. He watched it carefully every day. But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. Finally, it was time for everyone to give their flowers to the king. David took his empty potto the palace. Your Majesty(尊敬的陛下), I am

14、sorry to say that I could not grow an orchid. But I hope you can see that I tried my best, he said. The king was moved by Davids honesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官). He believed that Davids honesty would make him the right person

15、to make sure the justice(公正) in the country.1. According to the kings order, who could be the next king?A. The man who was the smartest.B. The man who was the most honest,C. The man who could plant the best seed.D. The man who could grow the most beautiful orchid.2. What do we know about David?A. He

16、 told a joke to the king.B. He failed to grow the kings orchid.C. He was good at growing orchids.D. He was chosen to be the next king.3. What does the underlined word it refers to in Paragraph 4?A. The pot.B. His flower.C. The seed.D. The sunlight.4. What can we learn from the story?A. David was the

17、 only winner in the end.B. It is stupid of the king to choose David as a judge.C. It is impolite of David to give an empty pot to the palace.D. The king believed honesty was very important for a judge.5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Honesty Is the Best PolicyB. How to G

18、row OrchidsC. Flowers Are the Best GiftsD. Its Very Easy to Grow Orchids【文章大意】本文介绍了古代有一个喜欢花的国王。并且宣布能种植出最美丽兰花的人将继承王位。大卫是一位年轻人，但无论怎么努力，都没有种植出兰花，带着空花瓶去了宫殿。国王被大卫的诚实所感动。虽然他没有选择大卫作为新国王，但他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为正直的人，以确保国家的正义。1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据He then announced that the person who grew the most beautifu

19、l orchid would take his throne. 然后他宣布种植最美丽兰花的人将继承王位。可知，按照国王的命令，能种出最美丽兰花的人可以成为下一个国王。故选D。2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. 但尽管他努力，他的花还是长不出来。可知，他没有种出国王的兰花。故选B。3. C【解析】推理判断题。句子He watched it carefully every day.的意思是：他每天都仔细观察。根据上文的句子David planted his seed in a pot

20、and put it in a place where it would get lots of sunlight. 大卫把种子种在盆里，放在阳光充足的地方。可知，句子中的it是指上文中的the seed，即：国王给的兰花种子。故选C。4. D【解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是：我们能从这个故事中学到什么？根据he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官).He believed that Davids honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正)in the

21、 country. 他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为一个正直的人，以确保国家的公正。可以推出，国王认为诚实对法官来说非常重要。故选D。5. A【解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是：以下哪一个是文章的最佳标题？A. Honesty Is the Best Policy诚实是最好的为人之道。B. How to Grow Orchids如何种植兰花。C. Flowers Are the Best Gifts花是最好的礼物。D. Its Very Easy to Grow Orchids兰花很容易种植。根据短文的内容The king was moved by Davids ho

22、nesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官). He believed that Davids honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正)in the country. 可知，大卫是一个非常诚实的人，国王才选择他做皇家法院法官的。因此最好的标题应该选择Honesty is the Best Policy诚实是最好的为人之道。故选A。【点睛】用

23、细节定位法来做细节理解题。细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的送分题。但由于中考所占的比例很大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：把某词语、某个句子或某具体事实用不同于原文的另一方式或句型表达，即同义改写。解答这类题的窍门是：A)注意掌握英语的多种表达法；B）正确分析词语在句中的作用；C）熟练运用英语的句型转换；D）读懂题干所提出的问题，并准确地找到文中涉及该问题的句子。做细节题具体方法与步骤如下：略读材料,大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second等预测应该到何

24、处寻找自己所需要的事实。 将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。（二）【湖北省宜昌市】The first time my wife Linda gave birth was in a hospital.When Linda got pregnant(怀孕) for the second time, we wanted a home birth, not just for ourselves, but for our daughter. We are very open

25、with our daughter. We want to teach her respect and awe(敬畏) for the things of bodies. So she was part of the process from the very beginning.In the morning the midwives came just as Linda was climbing into the birth tub(盆).Our daughter offered her mom water and food while she rested. When she found

26、the noise and activity of birth, she was too nervous to stay long, so she spent a few minutes next to the tub, then went into another room to play. The midwives called her back in time to see her brother come into the world. As Linda pulled our tiny newborn son up, our daughter and I rushed to her s

27、ide, all four of us hugging and crying and very excited. That night, and many times since then, our daughter said. Im so proud of Mom for having a baby. She has seen and admired the effort it takes to bring a new person into the world. Its a part of her life, something that can happen in the same ro

28、om where she colors and watches movies.It was crucial that our daughter was part of that experience, not just for her, but for Linda and me as well. Everything we wanted for her trusted care providers; a very familiar environment; continuing support; good food were things we needed but didnt have th

29、e first time Linda gave birth. We crossed this threshold(门槛) together, as a family, and it was messy and scary and painful and unusual and mysterious and really perfect.6. The writer of this passage is probably .A. a fatherB. a motherC. a daughterD. a son7. What does the underlined word midwives pro

30、bably mean .A. carefully hardworking cooksB. specially trained nursesC. truly talented singersD. very friendly drivers8. From the last paragraph, we can see in fact the writer .A. didnt warn her wife Linda to give birth in the familyB. didnt want their family to cross the threshold togetherC. though

31、t it was crucial that their daughter was not part of the experienceD. wanted her daughter to know that she was trusted and needed in the family9. According to the passage we can see .A. the writers first child is a sonB. there are five people in the writers family nowC. the writers daughter saw her

32、brother come into the worldD. the writer wanted a home birth only just for their daughter10. Which is the best title(标题) for this passage?A. My First Child Was Born in a Hospital.B. The Second Child in My Happy Family.C. A Messy and Painful and Unusual Family.D. Why Did We Choose a Home Birth for Ou

33、r Second Child?【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了妻子的第二次分娩为什么会在家里进行；作者为了教女儿尊重和敬畏身体，让她见证了弟弟的出生，感受到了母亲为把一个新人带到这个世界所付出的辛苦，让女儿知道她在家庭中是被信任和需要的。6. A【解析】题意：这篇文章的作者可能是一位父亲。考查细节推断。根据When Linda got pregnant for the second time, we wanted a home birth, not just for ourselves, but for our daughter. We are very open with our dau

34、ghter.可知作者是一位父亲，故选A。7. B【解析】题意：带下划线的midwives一词可能是什么意思?考查词义理解。A. 认真努力的厨师；B.受过专门训练的护士；C. 真正有才华的歌手；D.非常友好的司机。根据下文just as Linda was climbing into the birth tub可知来的是助产士，故选B。8. D【解析】题意：从最后一段，我们可以看到，事实上作者想让她的女儿知道，她在家庭中是被信任和需要的。考查细节理解。A. 没有提醒她的妻子琳达在家里生孩子；B. 不想让他们全家一起跨过这个门槛；C. 他们认为至关重要的是，他们的女儿不能参与其中；D. 希望她的女

35、儿知道她在家庭中是被信任和需要的。根据It was crucial that our daughter was part of that experience, not just for her, but for Linda and me as well.和We crossed this threshold together, as a family，联系开头So she was part of the process from the very beginning.可知，女儿在家里是被信任和需要的，ABC三项不合文意，故选D。9. C【解析】题意：从这篇文章我们可以看到作者的女儿看到她的弟弟

36、来到这个世界上。考查细节理解。根据The midwives called her back in time to see her brother come into the world.可知选C。10. D【解析】题意：这篇文章最好的题目是什么?考查标题归纳。根据When Linda got pregnant for the second time, we wanted a home birth, not just for ourselves, but for our daughter. We are very open with our daughter. We want to teach

37、her respect and awe for the things of bodies. So she was part of the process from the very beginning.和最后作者的议论，可知Why Did We Choose a Home Birth for Our Second Child?符合文意，故选D。阅读理解说明文（一）【重庆市中考】Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes

38、. Among them, 24 Solar Terms(节气) is the most popular.Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. Its the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.Cinyee turned each

39、 solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chin

40、ese chives on the back of the fish. White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew(露珠) is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a racc

41、oona small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.1. The writer gave _ examples to show Cinyees 24 Solar Terms.A. twoB. threeC. f

42、ourD. five2. From Paragraph 5, we know that _.A. a raccoon likes fishB. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8C. White Dew shows the end of the autumnD. Cinyee used white spots to show dew3. According to the passage, Picture _ cant be from Cinyees 24 Solar Terms.A. B. C. D. 4. The writer mainly wants

43、 to talk about _.A. why Cinyee made herself knownB. who divided a year into 24 partsC. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar termsD. what Start of Spring and White Dew mean【文章大意】本文介绍了来自台湾的艺术家Cinyee Chiu是如何用动物来展示24节气的。Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。并且通过两个例子：鱼代表立春；浣熊代表白露。来加以说明。最后说明了这位年轻的艺术家使中国古代文化焕然一新。1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据句

44、子So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. 因此，Cinyee选择鱼作为立春的象征。和句子For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoona small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 对于白露这一节气，Cinyee Chiu选择了一只浣熊一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。她在浣熊身上画了白点（小圆点）来表示露水。可知，作者举了两个例子来说明Cinyee的24节气。故选A。2. D【解析】细

45、节理解题。根据Cinyee chose a raccoona small animal with thick hair. Cinyee选择了一只浣熊一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。可知，A不对；选项B的句子Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8. 立春大约在12月8日左右。短文中并没有提到，因此B不正确；根据原文White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn.白露在9月8日左右。它显示了凉爽的秋天的开始。因此选项C. White Dew shows the en

46、d of the autumn白露表示秋末。是错误的；根据第五段的句子She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 她在浣熊身上画了白点（小圆点）来表示露水。可知，Cinyee使用白点来显示露水。因此本题正确的答案为D。3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干问哪一幅图不可能来自Cinyee的24 节气。根据Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. Cinyee可知，Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。而图片D是画了一只鸟的立春图，是挂历性质的一幅图片，所以该选项不可能来自于Cinyee

47、的24 节气。故选D。4. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据Among them, 24 Solar Terms(节气) is the most popular. 其中，24节气最受欢迎。以及下文的两个例子，主要用来说明Cinyee是如何用动物图片来展示24个节气的。所以选C。（二）【浙江省温州市】Many objects in the universe are invisible, but they send radio waves. The radio telescope thus appeared, and it is considered one of the greatest invent

48、ions in the twentieth century. Reber built the worlds first radio telescope in 1937. Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of weak radio sources, and they shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974. A radio telescope is usually made up of:One or more antennas to collect

49、the radio waves. Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio wav

50、es strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals. To make an amplifier sensitive enough, it is usually cooled to, very low temperatures (e. g. as low as -270）.A recorder to keep a record of the electronic signals. Most: radio telescopes today keep the signals to the computers memor

51、y disk for astronomers to analyze later.Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch these wave

52、s, radio telescopes usually have huge antennas. The sizes of most antennas in use today are around 50 to 300 metres in diameter. The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.To avoid

53、interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals. For example, FAST is 5 kilometres away from the closest village and 25 kilometres away from the nearest town. Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky

54、, not in visible light, but in radio waves. This is extremely useful, because there are objects that cant be seen, objects that we wouldnt even know without radio telescopes.5. Radio telescopes help collect _ from the universeA. lightB. objectsC. radio wavesD. visible signals6. Most antennas of radi

55、o telescopes are made in the shape of a dish to _.A. make the antennas strong enoughB. increase the number of radio wavesC. turn radio waves into electronic signalsD. focus radio waves on the sub-reflector7. The underlined word interferences in the passage refers to _.A. the noises made by villagers

56、 and animalsB. the sounds from the radios and televisionsC. the people who go to Guizhou to watch FAST workD. the radio waves and electronic signals from humans8. What have we done with the help of radio telescopes?A. We have received pictures of deep space.B. We have discovered unknown lives in the

57、 universe.C. We have found some unknown objects in the universe.D. We have turned the radio waves from space into light.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了无线电天文望远镜，详细介绍了它的发明、构成、工作原理、作用等。5. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息A radio telescope is usually made up of：One or more antennas to collect the radio waves.可知，无线天文望远镜帮助收集宇宙中的无线电波，故答案选

58、C。6. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.可知，大多数无线天文望远镜的天线都是碟形的，用来将无线电波聚焦在副反射器上，故答案选D。7. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文and keep the telescopes sensitive, ra

59、dio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals.可知是为了避免干扰，保持望远镜的灵敏度，无线天文电望远镜建在没有人类无线电波或电子信号的地方。所以interferences指的是来自人类的无线电波和电子信号，故答案选D。8. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息This is extremely useful, because there are objects that cant be seen, objects that we wouldnt even

60、 know without radio telescopes.可推知，在无线天文望远镜的帮助下，我们发现了宇宙中一些未知的物体，故答案选C。阅读理解议论文（一）【 湖南省长沙市】Recently, a junior high school sent several students back home because they broke the school uniform（校服）rules. Should students wear school uniforms? The Young World magazine held a discussion on this topic（话题）.K

61、ennedy: The school uniform is very important, because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard. It also helps prevent school bullying（欺凌）. If everyone wears the same clothes, it is impossible to laugh at other peoples clothing. Manson: The uniform has to be earned（获得

62、）through efforts. Students should start school with no uniforms. As they make progress at school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school. The uniform is important for that. So, make students earn it! If they dont perform well, they should not be allowed to ge

63、t one.Moorhead: In my opinion, kids dont have to wear uniforms. There should be more choices open to kids in education. They ought to develop their own independence and just be themselves. Their personalities would be expressed through their own clothes at school. And different dress could be one wa

64、y of showing their understanding of beauty. Besides, they make the school lively and colorful.Patrick: I can see the advantages of wearing school uniforms. They play a very important role in managing schools. However, a school should not depend heavily on uniforms to improve students behaviors. Teac

65、hing them how to express themselves with confidence（信心）is more important.1. What does the writer mean to do in Paragraph 1?A. Present an opinion on a subject.B. Introduce a topic for discussion.C. Provide a way to solve problems.2. What is Kennedy in the second paragraph?A. A student.B. A teacher.C.

66、 A parent.3. In Mansons opinion, _.A. students have the right to get school uniforms for freeB. students should be encouraged to earn school uniformsC. students performing well neednt wear school uniforms4. According to Patrick, what is more important?A. Managing schools by uniforms.B. Improving stu

67、dents behaviors.C. Helping students express themselves confidently.5. We can learn from the text that _.A. Kennedy cant stand school uniformsB. Moorhead is against school uniform rulesC. the writer holds the same opinion as Patricks【文章大意】短文就学生是否应该穿校服这一话题展开讨论。Kennedy认为穿校服很重要，可以提醒学生努力学习，它也有助于防止学校欺凌事件的

68、发生。Manson认为应该鼓励学生通过自己的表现来获得校服，如果学生表现不好，就不应该允许他们穿校服。Moorhead反对学校穿校服的规定。Patrick认为穿校服在学校管理方面起着非常重要的作用，然而教给学生如何自信地表达自己更重要。1. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的句子Should students wear school uniforms? The Young World magazine held a discussion on this topic（话题）.学生应该穿校服吗？The Young World杂志就这个话题进行了讨论。可知作者在第一段介绍了一个将要讨论的主题。故答

69、案为B。2. A【解析】细节判断题。根据第二段中的句子The school uniform is very important, because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard.校服很重要，因为它总是提醒我要努力学习。由此判断Kennedy是一名在校学生，故答案为A。3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子So, make students earn it! If they dont perform well, they should not be allowed to g

70、et one.让学生们赢得校服！如果他们表现不好，就不应该允许他们得到校服。由此可知，Manson认为应该鼓励学生通过自己的表现来获得校服。故答案为B。4. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一句Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence（信心）is more important.教给他们如何自信地表达自己更重要。因此在Patrick看来，帮助学生自信地表达自己更重要。故答案为C。5. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Kennedy认为校服很重要，A答案错误；根据第三段中的句子In my opinion, kids do

71、nt have to wear uniforms.可知，Moorhead反对学校穿校服的规定，B答案正确；文章列举了四个人对学生穿校服的个人观点，我们无法判断作者倾向于哪个观点，C答案错误，故答案选B。（二）【辽宁省盘锦市】Its reported that more than 450 million Chinese have myopia(近视). Around 30 percent for primary school students, 60 percent for junior high students and 80 percent for senior high students

72、are nearsighted. Maybe this is because students spend a lot of time reading books and using electronic products.Parents might have tried to do something to fix it, such as having their children get eye massages(按摩), take medicine or even get surgery. People who offer these services or products often

73、 promise that they can reduce(缓解) or even cure(治愈) myopia.However, you will no longer see advertisements like this before long. The government has made a notice to ban(禁止) this kind of advertisements. The notice bans businesses from using words like recovery(恢复) and myopia cure in their advertisemen

74、ts. The notice says that myopia cannot be completely cured with medical technology now. As a result, these advertisements could mislead children and their parents.To reduce myopia among young people, the government made a new plan last August. The plan limits(限制) not only the time children play vide

75、o games but also the production of new video games. Young people can prevent and control myopia by spending more time outside and less time in front of books or computers. People who have eyesight problems should go to a hospital and let a doctor decide what to do.6. Whats the myopia rate of junior

76、high students according to the passage?A. 30%.B. 45%.C. 60%.D. 80%.7. Parents might do the following EXCEPT to fix myopia according to Paragraph 2.A. have their children get eye massagesB. buy them special glassesC. make their children take medicineD. get their children to do surgery8. You wont see

77、advertisements on myopia with the word in the near future.A. recoveryB. eyesightC. medicalD. reduce9. Which sentence is True according to Paragraph 4 and 5?A. Students in lower grades are easy to get myopia.B. Production of new video games has been limited.C. Spending less time outdoors is good for

78、childrens eyesight.D. The notice gives advice on protecting the eyesight of elderly people.10. What can we learn from the passage?A. Dont believe the advertisements.B. Students shouldnt be allowed to play video games.C. The government and people are saving childrens eyesight.D. Myopia can be cured w

79、ith the medical technology at present.【文章大意】本文介绍了中国人的近视问题。文章指出超过4.5亿中国人患有近视。大约30%的小学生，60%的初中生和80%的高中生是近视。为了减少年轻人的近视，政府去年8月制定了一项新计划。该计划不仅限制了儿童玩电子游戏的时间，而且还限制了新游戏的制作。年轻人可以通过花更多的时间在外面而更少的时间在书本或电脑前来预防和控制近视。有视力问题的人应该去医院，让医生决定怎么做。6. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Around 30 percent for primary school students, 60 percent for

80、 junior high students and 80 percent for senior high students are nearsighted. 大约30%的小学生，60%的初中生和80%的高中生是近视。可知，初中生的近视率为60%。故选C。7. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Parents might have tried to do something to fix it, such as having their children get eye massages(按摩), take medicine or even get surgery. 父母可能会尝试做一些事情来解决这个问

81、题，比如让他们的孩子做眼部按摩，吃药，甚至做手术。可知，给他们买特制的眼镜在文中没有提到。所以选B。8. A【解析】细节理解题。根据The notice bans businesses from using words likerecovery(恢复) and myopia curein their advertisements. 该通知禁止企业在广告中使用恢复和近视治疗等词。可知，在不久的将来，你不会看到有关恢复字样的治疗近视的广告了。故选A。9. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Around 30 percent for primary school students,可知，低年级学生容易近视。

82、是不对的；所以选项A不对；根据The plan limits(限制) not only the time children play video games but also the production of new video games. 该计划不仅限制了儿童玩电子游戏的时间，而且还限制了新游戏的制作。可知，新视频游戏的生产受到限制。选项B. Production of new video games has been limited.与原文符合，因此B正确；根据Young people can prevent and control myopia by spending more ti

83、me outside and less time in front of books or computers. 可知，减少户外时间有利于年轻人的视力而不是儿童的视力。所以选项C不对；根据Young people can prevent and control myopia by spending more time outside and less time in front of books or computers. People who have eyesight problems should go to a hospital and let a doctor decide what

84、 to do.可知，本通知对保护年轻人的视力提出建议。而不是老年人。故选项D不对。所以本题正确的是选项B。10. C【解析】细节理解题。根据To reduce myopia among young people, the government made a new plan last August. The plan limits(限制) not only the time children play video games but also the production of new video games. 为了减少年轻人的近视，政府去年8月制定了一项新计划。该计划不仅限制了儿童玩电子游戏

85、的时间，而且还限制了新游戏的制作。和句子Parents might have tried to do something to fix it, such as having their children get eye massages(按摩), take medicine or even get surgery. 父母可能会尝试做一些事情来解决这个问题，比如让他们的孩子做眼部按摩，吃药，甚至做手术。可知，这些都是政府和人们正在为拯救儿童的视力所做的。故选C。（三）【江苏省镇江市】Some researchers explain how most people form their socia

86、l groups with people of their age. Especially, as children and teenagers, even adults, people make their friends based on proximity(邻近) more than anything else. Even in a college classroom, the students may not make friends with those who have similar personalities and interests. Its the people they

87、 really sit next to. Clearly, who stands nearest to you has the greatest influence on you. As Jim Rohn has widely said. You are average(平均) of five people you spend the most time with.Over the past ten months, Ive paid Ryan, a famous writer of several bestselling books, to help with the book Im writ

88、ing. Working with him has shown me just how low my standards for my work are. For example, every time I send him a drab(草稿), he shows me how it could be 10 times better, and he holds me to that standard._ Its because that I dont know what I dont know. Working with Ryan has made me realize what is po

89、ssible and what it takes to create something powerful. Like Ryan, my business partner Richard has wonderful ideas and far different experience than I have. He has written 36 New York Times Bestsellers. Hes been speaking and doing events for 20 years. Richard always performs at high levels, and he is

90、 also very strict with me because my performance is a reflection(反映) on him. Its not a bad thing because it creates high pressure(压力) to help me make great progress in organizing author training. In a word, you need to stay with those people who can help you realize your level and potential. Staying

91、 with people who have higher standards is the fastest way for you to change. If you dont change your environment, your progress will be very slow. Who you stay with has huge importance. You cant ignore this.11. Why did the writer quote(引用) Jim Rohns words in Paragraph 1?A. To support the writers opi

92、nion.B. To introduce the writers best friend.C. To show Jim Rohns working ability.D. To prove Jim Rohn is a great person.12. Which of the following can be put at the beginning of Paragraph 3?A. Its not that my workmates abilities are low.B. Its not that my working ability was born low.C. Its not tha

93、t e friends based on proximity.D. Its not that Ive paid Ryan to help me with my book.13. What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 4 refer to(指代)?A. The writers performance.B. Jim Rohns famous saying.C. Richards different experience.D. Richards strictness with the writer.14. The writer mainly wa

94、nts to tell us that _.A. we can improve our working abilities by ourselvesB. we must pay attention to our talent and potentialC. wed better make friends with those who can hold us to higher levelsD. we should stay with those who have similar personalities and interests【文章大意】这篇短文讲述的是人们在交朋友的时候，往往以亲近度为

95、基础，因此离你最近的人对你的影响往往最大。作者通过讲述自己和身边两个好朋友相处的例子，告诉我们和高水平、高标准的人在一起，你就能有很大的改变，能取得很大的进步。和谁在一起非常重要。11. A【解析】推理判断题。短文开头Some researchers explain how most people form their social groups with people of their age.作者先解释了人们如何与其他人形成社会群体，从而得出结论Clearly, who stands nearest to you has the greatest influence on you.离你最近

96、的人对你影响最大。紧接着作者引用了Jim Rohn的话，因此我们可以知道，作者这样是为了用名人的话来支持自己上面得到的结论。故应选A。12. B【解析】推理判断题。上一段作者介绍了自己和Ryan相处的例子，Ryan是一个有高标准的人，他对作者的影响很大。空格后的这句话Its because that I dont know what I dont know.是因为我不知道我所不知道的东西是什么，解释了作者工作能力低、对自己要求低的原因。因此这个空应选B，意为并不是说我的工作能力天生就差，13. D【解析】细节理解题。it是一个代词，代指前面提到的事物，根据上句话Richard always p

97、erforms at high levels, and he is also very strict with me because my performance is a reflection(反映) on him. 和这句话Its not a bad thing because it creates high pressure(压力) to help me make great progress in organizing author training.可知，Richard对作者要求非常严格，这对于作者来说反而是一件好事，因为它给了作者很大的压力，能帮助作者取得进步。由此可知it指代的是Richard对作者要求严格这件事。故选D。14. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第一段中Clearly, who stands nearest to you has the greatest influence on you.以及最后一段Who you stay with has huge importance. You cant ignore this.可知，离我们最近的人对我们的影响最大，所以和谁在一起很重要。因此如果我们想要取得进步，我们就应该和那些有更高水平的人在一起。故C选项符合文意。