专题二　第3讲　形容词和副词.docx

1、第3讲形容词和副词I bought an interesting novel yesterday.The book is so interesting that I can hardly let go of it.Worried about my study，my mother took it away.However，I found my mother absorbed in it.My mother is reading the novel attentively now and she is quite moved by it.Obviously，she wont return the

2、book to me soon.规则感悟修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。在“感官或使役动词宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。1形容词的构词规则类别例词加-ycloudcloudy，lucklucky，healthhealthy，fogfoggy加-(e)dgiftgifted，talenttalented，advanceadvanced，exciteexcited加-ingsurprisesurprising，

3、convinceconvincing，frightenfrightening，appealappealing，rewardrewarding，inviteinviting加-ful/-lessmeaningmeaningful/meaningless，carecareful/careless，helphelpful/ helpless，harmharmful/harmless，colourcolourful/colourless，use useful/useless，thankthankful/thankless加-ablecomfortcomfortable，knowledgeknowled

4、geable，acceptacceptable，respectrespectable加-ousdangerdangerous，couragecourageous，humourhumorous-ce变为-tconfidenceconfident，differencedifferent加-almusicmusical，personpersonal，nationnational，education educational，traditiontraditional加-lyfriendfriendly，weekweekly，lovelovely加-enwoodwooden，woolwoolen加-ive

5、/-ativeattractattractive，talktalkative，preventpreventive，protectprotective其他常见变化energyenergetic，foolfoolish，pleasurepleasant/pleased, science scientific注意以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sunsunny，funfunny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noisenoisy，iceicy，tastetasty等。2形容词变副词的规则类别例词(1)一般形容词变副词直

6、接在其后加-ly。quickquickly，anxiousanxiously(2)以辅音字母e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly。immediateimmediately，politepolitely，truetruly(3)以辅音字母le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y。possiblepossibly，probableprobably(4)以辅音字母y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly。happyhappily，healthyhealthily(5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally。economiceconomically，basicbasically(6)

7、以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y。fullfully，dulldully注意下面这两个单词是特殊的形式：wholewhollypublicpublicly3常见的以-ly结尾的形容词(1)表示时间的形容词：hourly每小时的；daily 每天的；weekly 每周的；monthly 每月的；yearly 每年的；timely及时的，适时的。(2)表示人的形容词：manly有男子气概的；womanly 女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；fatherly 慈父般的；comradely 同志般的。(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词：lovely可爱的；friendly 友好的；ug

8、ly 难看的；lively 活泼的；lonely 孤独的；unfriendly 不友好的；kindly 亲切的；sickly多病的；elderly 年长的。(4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词：likely可能的；orderly 整齐的；deadly 致命的；chilly 寒冷的；disorderly 乱七八糟的；unlikely 不大可能发生的。4如何区分-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词(1)-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人的”。(2)-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到的”，也可以修饰事物，多修饰smile(微笑)，

9、appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，expression(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。He had a pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He told me the news in a very excited voice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。5常考的连接性副词though然而，可是；meanwhile 在此期间；therefore/thus/consequently因此，所以；moreover/furthermore而且，此外；besides而且，另外，还有；however然

10、而；instead相反，代替；anyway/anyhow尽管，即使这样；otherwise否则。The young man couldnt afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，Id grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。6意义不同的同根副词(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)对点练习1The

11、 old people there were talkative and they told us their _(person) stories cheerfully.2There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and _(disappoint)3Ill never forget the _(amaze) trip I had in Beijing，China and I hope to go there next time with my friends.4He s

12、pent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and _(hunger)5In the study，GBS was used to provide a _(high) efficient way of demonstrating quantum computational speedup in solving some tasks.6The title will be _(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.7_(lucky)，he also has a cow which produces milk

13、 every day.8I am _(terrible) sorry that I cant go to the bookstore with you at the appointed time.In my family，my mother is the thinnest.My father is much taller than her and me，but he is twice as heavy as my mother，and becoming fatter and fatter.He is quite worried because the fatter he is，the more

14、 likely he is to be ill.规则感悟形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；以e结尾的直接加-r或-st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；多音节词前面加more或most。两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。倍数表达法：A谓语倍数adj./adv.比较级thanBA谓语倍数asadj./adv.原级(名词)asBA谓语倍数the

15、名词(size，length，height，weight等)ofB“adj./adv.比较级andadj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越”。“the比较级.，the比较级.”表示“越，就越”。1少数以-er，-ow，-y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。clevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowesteasyeasiereasiestsimplesimplersimplest2有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possibl

16、e(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。3有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfartherfarthest(指具体空间上)farfurtherfurthest(指抽象程度上)4比较级的基本用法(1)同级比较asadj./adv.(原级)as.“和一样”；not as/soadj

17、./adv.(原级)as.“不如”Since people are fond of humour，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。当as.as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：as形容词原级a(n)n.as.asmany可数名词复数as.asmuch不可数名词as.Im not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a da

18、y as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。(2)比较级比较“形容词/副词比较级than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更”。“less形容词/副词原级than”表示“一方不及另一方”。I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。5比较级的特殊用法“more原级than原级”表示“与其说不如说”。 The girl was more frightened

19、 than hurt.与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。“more than主语can谓语”表示“非所能；不能”。The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer.这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。6比较级形式表示最高级含义在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。比较级thanany other可数名词单数比较级thanthe other

20、可数名词复数比较级thananyone/anything else比较级thanany of the other可数名词复数“否定词比较级”也可表示最高级含义。China is the largest country in Asia.That is，it is larger than any other country in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。No man is better than you in the world.人世间没有人比你好。I havent read a more interesting novel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。7最

21、高级的基本用法(1)形容词最高级(名词)表示范围的状语She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2)one of形容词最高级名词复数Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。(3)序数词形容词最高级名词Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。对点练

22、习1The _(much) we do for those in need，the happier well be.2Road safety has aroused _(wide) attention of the public than before.3During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century，Beijing Opera finally formed and became the _(big) of all operas in China.4I have never met a _(kin

23、d) teacher than Mrs Smith before.5The electronic waste stream is increasing three times _(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.6When you study the local map，youll find this town is twice _ size of that one.7I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now.1When the house wa

24、s built，it was much _(small) than it is today.(2021浙江6月)2Local people were provided with _(finance) aid and other benefits.3One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their _(fine) work，so that he could choose the best.(2020全国)4As the s

25、mall boat moved _(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.(2020全国)层级一基础达标练单句语法填空1Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small _(carrot) and was about to throw them away.2Handle the most

26、important tasks first，and youll feel a real sense of _(achieve)3Although he researches cloning，his _(intend) has never been to create copies of humans.4In the early _(fifty)，researchers found that people scored higher on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language.5She is the _(twelve) t

27、utor，who has come to look after his children since their mother died.6The old man goes to the park every _(three) day，jogging with his fellows.7But the successful test drilling for fire ice does not mean it can be extracted for _(industry) use.8The worlds population is increasing at a _(surprise) ra

28、te and our environment is facing great pressure.9Nowadays its the second _(large) city in Bulgaria and its a significant economic，educational and cultural center.10Indians start practicing yoga at a very young age，so their bodies are even _(strong)层级二高考真题练单句语法填空1John Olson，a former _(photograph) and

29、 his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.(2022浙江6月)2Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental _(protect)(2022全国甲)3Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _(meaning)The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the

30、 40-day journey.(2022全国甲)4In the last five years，Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africas _(high) mountain.(2022全国甲)5The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _(population) and homes of giant pandas，and _(eventu

31、al) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.(2022新高考全国)6On the day of the accident，Mrs Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.They both fell _(sleep) while watching TV.(2022新高考全国)7When he looked down，he _(accidental)slipped and fell over the edge.(2022新高考全国) 8This may be du

32、e to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside，including _(low) levels of income and education，higher costs of healthy foods，and fewer sports facilities.(2021浙江1月) 9It is calculated by dividing a _(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared，and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is

33、 considered healthy.(2021浙江1月)10Filled with _(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.(2020全国)层级三语篇提能练语法填空(2022浙江1月改编)Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of 1._(academic) who are cutting back on their air travel because o

34、f climate change.Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like2._(frequent) by plane3._(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.But Cobb and others are now questioning that ideapushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and chan

35、ging their 4._(person) behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example,5._(rough) 200 academicsmany of them climate scientistshave promised to fly as little 6._ possible since the effort started two years ago.Cobb，for her part，st

36、arted to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 7._ she could do so remotely；about two-8._(three) of the time，they agreed.When the answer was no，she declined the 9._(invite)That approach brought Cobbs air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans to continue the practice.“It has been fa

37、irly rewarding，”she says“10._really positive change.”1形容词的名词化表达某些形容词可以用“be of抽象名词”来表达。例如：be importantbe of importancebe beneficialbe of benefitbe valuablebe of valuebe helpfulbe of helpbe usefulbe of use(2022全国甲)说到海洋，它对世界非常重要，然而，它的污染正变得越来越严重。When it comes to ocean，its of great importance to the worl

38、d；however，its pollution is becoming more and more serious.(2021全国甲)毫无疑问，故宫提供了一个进入中国木构建筑的窗口，这有助于外国人更多地了解中国文化。_2副词的名词化表达某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词名词”短语表达。例如：angrilywith angeranxiouslywith anxietycuriouslywith curiositycomfortablyin comfortpeacefullyin peacehurriedlyin a hurryjoyfullywith joy(2022浙江1月)亨德森博士很高兴看到我

39、们完成的项目并满意地对我们说：“一个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。”Dr Henderson was very glad to see our completed project and said to us with satisfaction，“One person can go far，but a group of persons can travel farther.”(2020浙江7月)我们万分焦急地等待获救。_3活用带有比较级的句型(1)the比较级.，the比较级.(2020新高考全国)我听到的鼓励越多，我就越感到精力充沛。The more encouragement I heard，the more energetic I felt.(2022全国甲)正如你们所知，参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。_(2)“否定词比较级”表达最高级含义(2022全国乙)我认为，在英语学习中，没有比自律更重要的了。As far as Im concerned，nothing is more important than self-discipline in English learning.(2021浙江6月)我意识到没有什么比把这119美元给我的家人更有意义了。直到我把钱交给爸爸的时候，我才知道了成长的真正意义。_