主谓一致之意义一致（讲义）.docx

1、高中英语主谓一致之意义一致1. 通过学习本课，能够全面掌握主谓一致问题中的意义一致原则。2. 通过学习本课，能够初步了解意义一致原则在主谓一致中的注意事项。重点：掌握意义一致原则的几种情况。难点：掌握意义一致原则的分析方法及技巧和变通。1. 主谓一致主要考查考生对句式的理解，判断主语的类型，进而与谓语动词协调搭配，保证句式的正确与完整。近年来主谓一致的考查题目并不多，而且在大部分试卷当中有逐年减少的趋势。2. 高考中主谓一致是考生复习时必备的重要看考点。从高考命题的取材和立意来看，对主谓一致的考查仍然会出现在并列句和复合句中，会与其他考点相结合，对学生辨识句式的能力进行考查。因此，要对主谓一致

2、知识有清晰的理解。时间、距离等名词作主语意义一致原则就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致，这是因为有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。当表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等名词作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor.一百美元对于穷人来说是一大笔钱。Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot.步行两千米是一段很长的路程。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 他离开家乡已经二十年了。A

3、survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for ones health.A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are答案：B 思路分析：由a survey可知第一个空用shows, 首先排除A、C两项；第二个空前的时间three hours of outdoor exercise a week表示抽象概念, 看作单数, 故其谓语动词用单数形式。“the+形容词（或分词）”作主语当“the+形容词或过去分词”指一类

4、人作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。常用的词有rich, poor, living, dead, young, old, blind, sick, wounded, aged, disabled, retired等。What a life the poor were living!穷人们过着怎样的生活！The wounded have been sent to hospital.伤者已被送往医院。如果该形容词是指抽象概念，那么谓语动词则用单数形式。The true is to be distinguished from the false.真假必须明辨。The unexpected has hap

5、pened.出乎意料的事情发生了。The injured being taken good care of in the hospital when the building was destroyed.A. are B. is C. was D. were答案：D思路分析：主语the injured“伤员”表示一类人，故谓语动词需要用复数，再考虑到空后句子的谓语was destroyed，所以应当用过去进行时，因此选择答案were。学科名词及书报电影名称等作主语以-ics结尾的学科名词，如mathematics，politics，physics，economics等作主语时，其谓语动词要用单

6、数形式，另外，复数名词用作书、电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等名称时，谓语动词用单数。Mathematics is my favourite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.天方夜谭是一本很有趣的书。The United States is a developed country.美国是发达国家。The United Nations founded in 1945.A. are B. is C. was D. were答案：C 思路分析：由时间状语 in 1945可知句子应该用一般过去时，而句子的主语th

7、e United Nations为专有名词“联合国”，所以应该用单数谓语。三类集合名词作主语equipment, furniture, clothing, baggage, advice, information等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。people, police, cattle, youth等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。army, committee, team, family, group, government, class, audience, public等集合名词作主语时，若强调名词的整体概念，则谓语动词用单数；若强调名词的个体组成部分，则用复数谓语。Clothi

8、ng is badly needed in this flooded area. 洪水灾区急需衣物。The police are looking for the missing child. 警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。His family isnt very large.他的家庭不算很大。His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。Cattle one of the causes of the problem troubling my uncle.A. have B. has C. is D. are答案：D思路分析：主语cattle是集合名词，表示复数含义，

9、其谓语动词须用复数形式，又考虑到句子的意思应该是“牛是困扰我叔叔那个问题的原因之一”，故而应该选择are。几类特殊名词作主语trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors, spectacles, pants等名词作主语时，谓语只能用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。对于单复同形词如sheep, deer, aircraft, means, series等作主语时，需要依据其单复数含义来确定谓语动词的单复形式。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。A pair of glasses co

10、sts quite a lot now.现在，一副眼镜的费用很高。Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.用尽了所有方法阻止污染，天空却依然不晴朗。All possible means _，but we cant persuade him to change his mind.A. has tried B. has been tried C. have tried D. have been tried答案：D思路分析：句子的主语为all pos

11、sible means，故谓语动词用复数形式，且means与try之间为动宾关系，故选D项。1. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were2. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of3. His fami

12、ly _all very kind and friendly. His family _a happy one. A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are4. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is5. The children in this class each _new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having答案：1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A思路分析：1.

13、主语two months作为时间名词，虽为复数形式，但是依旧当作整体来对待，因此谓语动词需要用单数形式，再结合语境考虑到应该用一般现在时，故而选择A。2. the old属于“the+形容词”，指一类人的用法，所表示的为复数概念，所以谓语动词应该用复数形式，同时考虑到应该用被动语态，故而选择答案B。3. 本题第一空前的family指的是家庭成员，故而应该用复数谓语，第二空由a happy one可知所强调的是家庭作为一个整体的概念，因此谓语动词需要用单数形式。4. 根据句意, 主语为and连接的并列谓语，为复数意义，所以谓语动词用复数，同时考虑到此处应该选用have构成现在完成时。5. 本题中虽然有each出现，但是each所作的是同位语，不影响句子的谓语形式，谓语依然要与句子的主语the children保持一致，故而选择用复数形式，须用一般现在时，所以选择A。