初三英语语法梳理和提高教案 —数词与定冠词、不定冠词.docx

1、初三英语总复习补习班名补教案目标提高班 名师培优精讲第四讲：数词1、分类：数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。2、基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。1、 英语中常用的基数词有：2、注：(1)百位与十位之间要加and；十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。(3) hundred、 thousand、 million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, 等

2、其它数词。用作名词时复数表示“成上”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如：five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(成百万的)3、序数词：表示顺序的数词叫序数词。1、 英语的序数词基本变法： (1) 一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。2、序数词如下：1000thone thousandth, 1000000th one millionth., 第70

3、3the seven hundred and third, 第5480the five thousand four hundred and eightieth.3、注：(1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如：thirty-sixth,(2) 使用序数词时一般加定冠词the. 如：Im in the third grade.(3) 序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。其中分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于一，则分母给复数，如：1/5one fifth ; 2/3 two thirds ; 4/7 four sevenths ; 1/2 a half ; 1/4a

4、 quarter ; 3/4 three quarters ; 50% fifty hundredths ( fifty per cent).4、数词的用法：1、表示年份：2019: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.2、表示日期： 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December；2019年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2019.3、表示时刻： 5：15 five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8：30 eight thirty或half past eight

5、; 10：45 ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.4、表示编号：Room 105Room one 0 five; Bus No.13Bus Number Thirteen; P.5Page Five; Tel.No.7658659Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine5、小数的读法：5.7 five point seven, 0.16 zero point one six.6、“半”的表达： 1/2half, 半小时half an hour, 1.5小时one and a half hours或

6、one hour and a half. 7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如：The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗？)1、There are _people in the school。A. two thousand and three hundred thirty-six B. two thousand three hundred and thirty-sixC. two thousand and th

7、ree hundred thirty six D. two thousand three hundred and thirty six2、We are going to learn _today。A. lesson oneB. one lessonC. the lesson one D. Lesson One3、My sister is in _ .A. Class One , Grade Two B. Grade Two ,Class One C. One Class , Two Grade D. Two Grade , One Class4、He decided to buy _of fl

8、owers , but he only get one _flowers.A. hundred , hundred B. hundreds , hundreds C. hundreds , hundred D. hundred , hundreds5、3.57 can be written as _。A. three point fifty-seven B. three point five seven C. three and five seven D. three and fifty-seven1.B.2.D.3.A.4.C.5.B.第五讲：冠词1、冠词分类及读法： 英语中冠词有不定冠词和

9、定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词the读法：单独念时读Ti:,在句子中常发Ti (元音之前)或者T(辅音之前)； 不定冠词a/an的读法：单独念时读 ei /An ；在句子中常发 /n。 2、不定冠词a / an的用法：不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。不定冠词的基本用法：（1）表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：A elephant is

10、much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)(3) 表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)几个用不定冠词的习语：a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大

11、量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。3、定冠词the的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。定冠词的基本用法：表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉

12、莉,请看黑板。)复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) / Of a

13、ll the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)常用在乐器名称的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：The

14、 Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)几个用定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 4、一些不用冠词的情况：(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large

15、 country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)(3) 表示季节、月份、周日、节假日（中国传统节例外）名词之前。 I like spring most. Im going to return to England at Christmas Day. 若具体指明哪一年的季节，应有定冠词。He was born on Monday, February 18,2019.(他出生

16、在2019年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)(5) 表示学科、球类、棋类和三餐名词之前 He is good at maths. I like playing football. I often go to school without breakfast. 注：强调一顿饭或特指某顿饭可用冠词。 Mother cooked me a nice din

17、ner this morning. The dinner cooked by my mother tastes delicious.We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)(6) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。They are now at Peoples Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)(7) 在与by 连用的交通工具名称之前。例:by taxi, by bike, by boat但注意：get into a taxi, take a bus, on the train 等表达形式。(8) 一些习惯用

18、语中不用。 at / to / from / out of / after / for school; in / to / for / after class; in / to / out of / into bed; after / at/ from / out of / to work; at / to sea; in / from / down / to town; at / from home; at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; at night/noon/midnight; on foot; go to school/bed; on top

19、of; in front of; on show/display/duty/watch; in / out of hospital; at all; on/in time; at first/last/once; in Chinese/English,etc.; take care of 注意：有些词组中有无冠词含义不同。at table 在进餐in hospital 住院at the table 坐在桌子旁in the hospital 在医院工作或参观等be in charge of 负责out of question 不成问题be in the charge of 由负责out of t

20、he question根本不可能by day在白天by the day按天计算1、Toms mother give him _ apple.A. aB. anC. theD./2、There is _dog in front of his door.A. aB.anC.theD.X3、I play football twice_week.A. aB.an C.theD./4、You are tired, you should take_rest.A.aB.anC.theD./5、It is_honour for me to meet you.A.aB.anC.theD./1.B.2.A.3.A.4.A.5.AA.