初升高暑假英语衔接课讲义：第一讲 定语从句一.docx

1、第一讲 定语从句一目标导航：1.衔接第一单元经典背记和语法难点，锻炼认知策略中的复述策略2.复习和掌握高中定语从句的基础知识3.通过自我检测做一些基础检查和巩固提高，提高认知能力 一、知识整合（一）概念（1）定语从句：由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词和代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。（2）先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。（3）关系词可分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why) 关系词常有3个作用：引导定

2、语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中担当一个成分。例：A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is a machine the machine can fly.A plane is a machine that/ which can fly.The girl is marry.We saw her yesterday.The girl her we saw yesterday is marry.The girl we saw yesterday is marry.（4）定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句说明先行词的

3、情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。 例：1.This is the book I like best. （限制性） 2.Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. （非限制性）（二） 关系代

4、词以及基本用法1）that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语；that作宾语可以省略) 如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)2. Do you know the gentleman that spoke just now?（主语）3. You can take anything ( that) you like.（宾语）4. What is the questio

5、n (that) they are talking about?（宾语）5. Here is the man ( that ) you want to see.（宾语）6. Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）2）which指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very inter

6、esting.（宾语）3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）5. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定语）6. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.（定语）3）who和whom指人，若在从句中作主语用who; 如果作宾语用whom,但在口语中

7、，常用who代替whom,也可省略。1.I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）2.All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)3.Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. （宾语）4.Hes a man from whom we should learn .4) Whose通常用来指人或物，只用作定语。1.They rush

8、ed over to help the man whose car had broken down.2. Please pass me the book whose cover is green.有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“n+of which。 1.They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which)2.Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (

9、= whose name)5) as引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。a.如为限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as；such as ; as many/much as;so as等结构中。如：1. I have the same book as you (have). (宾语） Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (表语)2.-Why didnt you mention that in face of the

10、police just now?- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.（主语）比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.(同一事物） Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.（同一种类）比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift

11、it.（结果状语从句）b.如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为“正如，这一点”。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）1. As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . (宾语)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health .（主语）=Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health .或:Smoking is harmful

12、to ones health , as we all know .（宾语）或: Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health.2.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)6)but用作关系代词, 其意思相当于who/thatnot, 没有.不, 如：1.There is not one of us but wishes to help you.2.There is no tree but bears some fruit.3.There are very

13、few but admire his talents.【友情提醒】在含有定语从句的复合句中，如果关系代词作从句的主语，则从句中谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。如： NowwehavetenclasseswhichlearnFrench. Heisamanwhoisofvaluetothepeople.（三）关系副词词以及基本用法1) When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）1. He came last night when I was out.2. We will put off the

14、picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.2) Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. 如:1. This is the place where I was born. 2. I live in the room where /in which he used to live. 3) Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用whic

15、h或that 引导。如:1.The reason why he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.2.He couldnt give me a good reason why/for which he was late for school.4）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when where和 why互换。where = in/at + which when=in/on/at/during + which why = for which1.This is the house in which I

16、lived two years ago. =This is the house where I lived two years ago.2. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ =Do you remember the day when you joined our club？3. The reason (which/that) hes absent from the meeting for is not clear.=The reason for which /why hes absent from the meetin

17、g is not clear. 二、 专题指津将下面句子错误之处加以改正1. This is the factory where we visited last week. 2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking. 3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 4. The house in that we live is very small. 5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible fo

18、r plants to grow. 6. Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 7. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country. 9. Everything which we saw was of great interest. 10. His dog, that was now v

19、ery old, became ill and died. 11. The reason which he didnt go to school is that he was ill. 12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands. 13. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard. 14. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors. 15. Were going to visit the school where your

20、 brother works there. 16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening. 17. That is the way which they work. 18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice. 19. Who is the man who has white hairs? 20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time

21、together at the sea.三、自我检测 （一）用适当的关系词填空1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget

22、 the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _l

23、ies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ag

24、o_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.19. This is the way_he did it.20. Who is the student _was late for school today?21. Who _knows him wants to make friends with him?22. What else

25、was there in my brother_you didnt like?23. He lives in the room_window faces to the south.24. He lives in the room, the window_faces to the south.25. This is Mr. John for_son I brought a book yesterday.26. This is Mr. John for_I bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hour_the place is always full o

26、f women and children.28. And there is one point _Id like your advice.29. Winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.（二）单项选择1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. wh

27、ere C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.

28、 which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B.

29、 that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.

30、The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone

31、in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that

32、D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He tal

33、ked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre t

34、he only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who ; / B. /; whom C. whom ; / D./ ; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in

35、 which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. wh

36、ose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason

37、 _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A. that B. which C. for which D. who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B. which C. for which D. with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of gre

38、at use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D.

39、 it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is,

40、 however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when

41、; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ he

42、lps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this schoo

43、l one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had b

44、een D. have been参考答案专题指津将下面句子错误之处加以改正1. wherethat/which或去掉where。 2. 把for放在looking之后。英语中,有些短语动词,介词或副词不可与动词相分离。又如:look after, run into等。 3. whowhom。尽管在口语中who, whom都能作宾语,但在介词后只能用whom。 4. thatwhich。 5. thatwhich。that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。 6. whichthat或去掉which。当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little等修饰时,常 用that引导

45、定语从句。 7. whichthat或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only,the very等所 修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。 8. whothat。如果先行词既指人又指物时,常用that引导定语从句。 9. whichthat或去掉which。当先行词为something,anything,everything, nothing, all等时,常由that引导定语从句。 10. thatwhich。 11. whichwhy/which前加for或去掉which。 12. wantswant。定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词一致。 13. hiswhose

46、。 14. themwhom或both前加and。 15. 去掉there。 16. havehas。当one of+名词复数作先行词时,从句的谓语用复数;但是当one前有the (only)时,从句谓语要用单数。 17. whichthat/which前加in或去掉which。 18. Those后加who。 19.第二个whothat。当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句常用that 引导以避免重复。 20. whichwhen或which前加in自我检测（一）用适当关系词填空1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that6

47、. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where 11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where（二）单项选择1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。 2C. 和谁讲话”要说speak t

48、o sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。 3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 5 A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。 6 C. 解析同第5题。 7. A. 解析见第3题。 8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词

49、the，则the one应该视为先行词。 9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。 10. A. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语. 12. D. with whom引导定语从句.

50、with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语. 14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导. 15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语. 16. D. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语. 17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往

51、指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语. 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用su

52、ch a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词. 20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that. 21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语. 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略. 24

53、. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which 25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以.而闻名.26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语. 27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句. 28. D

54、. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。 29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代. 30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句. 31. A. The reason why was that.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。 32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导

55、,which表示前句话的整个含义. 33. A. 解释见28题. 34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句. 35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语. 36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 37. D. 38. D. 解析见35题. 39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省

56、略了关系代词that. 40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句. 41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that. 42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句. 43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“.的数目”，是单数概念。因

57、此，主句的谓语动词要用is。 44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。 45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。 46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。 47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。 48. A. 解释见35题。 49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。 50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。扫码关注英语学科网服务号，第一时间获取资源更新通知关注英语学科网服务号，提供一对一优质人工服务，减少资源检索时间。