北师大版高一必修一语法情态动词.docx

1、情态动词课前导入 谢耳朵说:If I could, I would, but I cant, so I shant. 想知道这句话为什么这样翻译么？一起来学学情态动词吧！知识点梳理知识点1：情态动词的定义 ：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。知识点2：情态动词的特点 ：1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响； 3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。 知识点3：情态动词有四类：只做情态动词：must, can(could),may(might),ought to 可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need, dare 可做情态动词

2、又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)具有情态动词特征：have(had, has) to, used to 知识点4：情态动词的基本用法 表示“能力、许可”的can和may表示能力的情态动词用can/couldA computer _think for itself; it must be told what to do.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. might not表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在问句中用could?或might？ 以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确

3、（must表示一定，必须，mustnt表示禁止，不许可）。批注：may位于句首时可表示祝愿。Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you_A.will B.could C.may D.mightJohnny, you_play with the knife, you_hurt yourself.A.wont/cant B.mustnt/may C.shouldnt/must D.cant/shouldnt在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/were able to。The fire spread through

4、the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to表示“推断、判断”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性：Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.Peter_come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will在否定句中只

5、能用can和may。所以cant时用以代替mustnt，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。批注：mustnt不是must的否定形式，只能表示禁止。Michael_be a policeman, for hes much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?needneed作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于

6、否定句和疑问句。批注:need除情态动词的用法外还有实义动词的用法，老师可以补充讲解。daredare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。If he dare come,I will kick him out. I dont know whether he dare say.注意：He doesnt dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?疑问句）shall用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。What shall

7、 we do this evening?用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。批注：重点强调在法律条文、法规中shall的使用。You shall fail if you dont work harder. 警告He shall have the book when I finish reading.允诺He shall be punished.威胁should劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。You should(ought to) go to class right away. I should(ought to) help him because he is in troub

8、le.表推测，意为“想必，一定”；表“万一”，与虚拟语气一起考察；表“竟然”。If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed.(对未来的虚拟)will/would请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。Would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again. They asked us if we would do that again.would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。During the vacation he woul

9、d visit me every week.The wound would not heal.（伤口老是不能愈合）would表示估计或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there?used to过去常常（现在已不再）否定：used not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to do疑问：Usedto do?Diduse to do?Yes,used. No,use(d)nt. Yes,did. No,didnt.Usedto do?Diduse to do?Yes,us

10、ed. No,use(d)nt. Yes,did. No,didnt.情态动词+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做。You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.cannot+ have done：表示对过去行为的否定推测。He cannot have been to that town.can+主语+ have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。Can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定

11、的推测。He may not have finished the work.If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have done。You must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.neednt+ have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。You neednt have watered the flowers,for it is going to r

12、ain.注意：didnt need to(have to)do：没有必要做而实际上也没有做I didnt need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。You should have started earlier, but you didnt.She shouldnt have taken away mymeasuring tape,for I worked to use it.注意：He should h

13、ave finished the work by now.（表推测）典例精讲知识点1：情态动词的基本用法I例1：Hows your new babysitter? We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt答案：D.解析：句意为“你的新保姆怎么样？找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。”should应该；might可能，可以；mustnt禁止；couldnt不可能。根据句意选D。例2：The police still havent found th

14、e lost child, but theyre doing all they . A. can B. may C. must D. should答案：A.解析：句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。”can可以，能够；may可能，许可；must必须；should应该。根据句意，选A。例3：It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt答案：B.解析：句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustnt 禁止，不允许；cant

15、不可能；wont 不愿意，就是不，偏不；neednt 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”，only一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。知识点2：情态动词的基本用法II例1：Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world.A. mustntB. wontC. mightntD. shouldnt答案：B.解析：句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustnt禁止，不允许；wont不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightnt可能

16、不；shouldnt不应该。根据句意选B。例2：Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting.A. will B. must C. may D. can答案：B.解析：句意为“需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句，选B。例3：Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I want

17、ed to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should答案：C.解析：句意为“昨晚你为什么没来参加Simon的聚会？我想来的，但我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来。”could可以，能够，表示可能性或用于婉转语气；might可能，表示不确定；would愿意，偏要，表示意志；should应该，表示建议、命令、决定等。根据题意选C。 能力提升知识点1：情态动词表推测的用法小结1） 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），

18、其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。2）否定推测分为两种情况：（1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。（2）否定语气较强时，则用cant，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。 3）疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。例1：I cant understand why our boss is late. He the early bus.A.

19、 could missB. may have missed C. can have missedD. might miss答案：B.解析：“may have+过去分词”表示对过去动作的判断，意为：可能做了某事。 注意：can表示可能时，只能用于疑问句和反问句。例2：Her brother be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now. A. mustntB. needntC. cantD. shouldnt 答案：C.解析：cant be at home 意为：不可能在家。例3：Sh

20、e didnt answer the phone, she _ asleep.A. may beB. must beC. should have beenD. must have been答案：D.解析：表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。故根据题意应该选择D。知识点2：情态动词后跟完成式1）“should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。2） “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。3） “neednt+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。批注：此处还需要补充must have

21、 done对过去事实的肯定推测；might have done对过去事实的不肯定推测。例1：1. Jean have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea.A. mustB. shouldC. needD. would 答案：B.高考资源网解析：“should have +过去分词” 表示“过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”；keep ones promise 意为“信守诺言”。例2：Jane have come to the party, but she not find the exact time.A. could; could

22、B. might; couldC. should; couldD. should; would答案：A.解析：“ could have+过去分词表示过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”。例3：So many mistakes in your homework! You more careful.A. may beB. had toC. would beD. should have been答案：D.解析：“You should have been more careful”. 意为：你本来应该更细心的。知识点3：常考情态动词 1） shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句

23、表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。2） must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustnt表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。3） neednt表示“没有必要”。4） would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。5） 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。例1： May I park my car here?No, you_. No car is allowed to park here. A. may not B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent答案：C.解析：此题考查以情态动词提

24、问的一般疑问句的回答。在英语中，以某些情态动词提问的句子，出于礼貌委婉或句意的需 要，回答时，要换用另一个情态动词。在回答must开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to；在回答may开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用may，否定回答用mustnt；在回答need开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。例2： How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher? Good idea. I will e-mail him today so that h

25、e _ know _ to expect us.A. shall; why B. could; when C. would; what D. will; how答案：B.解析：这是一个综合题。本题so that后的目的状语从句中的谓语动词要用“情态动词（ may / might / can / could ） + 动词原形”。When to expect us表示“我们什么时候可到达”。“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作know的宾语。例3： Why does Alice know so much about Angkor Wat? She _ have been there, or .A. mu

26、st B. oughtnt to C. may D. cant答案：C.解析：句意：她或许到过那里，或者。or . 是重要的信息，说明还有其他的可能性。A的说法太绝对，与or . 提供的信息冲突。知识点4：情态动词的反义疑问句1）当陈述句部分有情态动词must时（1）must表示“必须、禁止“时，反意疑问部分要用must (mustnt) 。 You mustnt stop your car here, must you?（2）must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用neednt。 They must finish the work today, neednt they? （3）当must

27、用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。 He must be good at maths, isnt he? （4） 当must用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”（must + have done）时：a). 单纯表示对过去的推测, 与现在无关, 反意疑问句附加部分用过去式。b). 表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续到现在, 反意疑问句附加部分用现在完成式。 She must have read the novel last week, didnt she?You must have told her about it, havent you?S

28、he must have had a very good time, didnt she?He must have lived here at least ten years, hasnt he?2）当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用usednt或didntThe old man used to smoke, didnt he?或usednt he? 3）当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldntWe ought to read this book, oughtnt we?或shouldnt we?4）当陈述部分含有had bette

29、r时，疑问部分用had Youd better finish your homework now, hadnt you?5）陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语） We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6）陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?7）情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问用 need

30、 (dare ) +主语We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you/he?当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?批注：这里涉及到的知识点还可能包括强调句中情态动词的反意疑问句，如下面这题所示：It must be he that has stolen Mr. Smiths purse,_?（2019-14年度仙林外校高三英语理科卷）A. hasnt he B. isnt he C. mustnt

31、 it D. isnt it解析：本题答案选择A项，虽然是强调句，但是我们一般不将强调结构计入句子成分，所以在反意疑问部分仍然看真正的主谓。例1：1）She must have a big family, ?2）You must be tired, ?3）It must have rained last night, ?4）You must have had a good time at the party, ?5）His wife must have misunderstand him at that time, ?6）He must have read the novel before,

32、?7）They must have lived there since then, ?8）The boy must be playing computer games in his room now, ?答案: 1.doesnt she 2.arent you 3.didnt it 4.didnt you 5.didnt she 6.hasnt he 7.havent they 8.isnt he批注：关于can的特殊用法，老师可以根据学生的接受情况自行增减You cannot be too . 意为就算再也不过分或越越好cant do but do 意为“只能做”课堂小测检测题（一）1. Y

33、ou neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain. Well, I dont know. It do.A. might B. need C. would D. should2. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own. A. can B. must C. would D. need3. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise, because you know

34、 a lot of words. A. may B. couldnt C. should D. neednt4. He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A. wouldntB. shouldntC. couldntD. mustnt5. When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. need6. My mom suggests

35、 that we eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would7. The children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get8. -Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last

36、night. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont9. No one be more generous, he has a heart of gold. A. could B. must C. dare D. need10. The door open, no matter how hard she pushed.A. shouldntB. couldntC. wouldntD. mightnt答案:ABBAB AAAAC检测题（二）： 1. The hotel is only a stones throw away, you _ take a bus.A.

37、need not to B. not need to C. dont need D. need not答案：D.解析：选D. 说话人认为不必要乘车, need 为情态动词。2. I am busy now, _ my brother do it for you?A. WillB. ShallC. MustD. May答案：B.解析：选B. 在疑问句中shall 用于第三人称，也表示征求意见。3. You neednt do it right now, need you?Yes I am afraid I _ .A. needB. needntC. mustD. mustnt 答案：C.解析：选

38、C. Yes的意思是：不。意为：恐怕我必须现在就做。4. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared . Who _ have taken it? A. shouldB. mustC. couldD. would答案：C.解析：选C. could/can have done 用于否定推测和疑问推测。5. The room is so dirty._ we clean it?Of course. A.WillB. ShallC. WouldD. Do答案：B.解析：选B. shall 用在疑问句中，常用于第一，三人称， 表示征求意见或请求指示。6.

39、 If you have something important to do, you _ waste any time.A. needntB. mustntC. may notD. wont答案：B.解析：选B. 根据句意用mustnt。7. If you want to borrow a football after school, your student card_ here.A. has to leaveB. must leaveC. has to be leftD. must be left答案：C.解析：选C. have to 表示客观需要，must表示主观需要。学生证必须放在此

40、是客观需要。8. “ Did you scold him for his carelessness?” “Yes, but _ it”A. Id rather not do B. Id rather not have done C. I shouldnt do D. Id better not do答案：B.解析：选B. would rather 加完成时表示对完成了的或过去了的事情的态度。意为：当时是不情愿做的。9. “ Dont get near to it . It is too dangerous!” “_” .A. Yes, I wontB. No, I dont C. No, I

41、cantD. No, I wont 答案：D.解析：选D. A为错误的表达方式；B和C没有直接回答对方的问候。 10. He must be in the classroom, _ he?A. mustntB. cantC. isnt D.can答案：C.解析：选C. 对表否定的must进行反意疑问时，要用句子的实义动词检测题（二）：1. He_ be in the garden. He must be in the room.A. cantB. mustntC. will notD. may not答案：A.解析：选A. 否定推测用cant不用mustnt2. “Do you have to

42、 leave now?” “I am very sorry, but I really_.”A. cantB. haveC. shouldD. must答案：D.解析：选D. 回答have to 的疑问句用must作肯定回答。3. “Lets go to the library, shall we?” “_?”A. No, I cantB. Yes, I willC. Yes, thank you D. No, wed better not答案：D.解析：选D. A,B,C都 不能回答shall we, 此处D的语气比较婉转客气。4. “Can I take it away?” “ You _

43、 better not.”A. should B. couldC. would D. had答案：D.解析：选D. had better 与不带to 的不定式构成谓语，可以变成疑问句：Hadnt you better。5. You _ have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them.A. couldntB. needntC. wouldntD. mustnt 答案：B.解析：选B. 表示本来不必要做某事。6. See who is there!_it be May?A. MayB. MustC. CanD. Will答案：C.解析

44、：选C. 表推测时A，B都用作肯定句。7. John_ be a basketball player. He is much too short.A. mayB. mustntC. cantD. should 答案：C.解析：选C. 断然的不定推测用cant。 8. The Chinese teacher looks so pale. She _ be ill.A. mustB. mustntC. canD. need答案：A.解析：选A. 表示有把握的肯定推测用must。9. Something_to save our earth. Do you think so?A. can doB. must doC. has to doD. must be done答案：D.解析：选D. “something must be done” 意为：必须采取措施。10. Look at what you have done! You _ be more careful.A. oughtB. canC. wouldD. should答案：D.解析：选D. ought 后应用to。