备战2019高考人教版英语一轮复习讲义及单元检测：必修1 Unit 5Nelson Mandela含答案解析.docx

1、必修1Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero重点单词1quality n质量；品质；性质2mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3found vt.建立；建设 4principle n法则；原则；原理5fee n费(会费、学费等)；酬金 6hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的7youth n青年；青年时期 8stage n舞台；阶段；时期9attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击 10escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露11beg vi.请求；乞求12active adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地；活跃地activity n活动13gen

2、erous adj.慷慨的；大方的generosity n慷慨；大方 14self n自我；自身selfish adj.自私的selfless adj.无私的；忘我的15devote vt.献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n献身；奉献；热爱；忠诚16peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully adv.和平地；平静地peace n和平；平静；和睦17guidance n指导；领导guide vt.指导；引导；管理；操纵n向导；指导原则；入门书；手册18legal adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal adj.违法的；非法的19vi

3、olence n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的violently adv.猛烈地；强烈地20equal adj.相等的；平等的equality n平等；相等equally adv.相等地；同样地；公平地21willing adj.乐意的；自愿的unwilling (反义词)adj.不情愿的；不乐意的22educate vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育educator n教育工作者；教育家23terror n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动terrorism n恐怖主义terrorist n恐怖分子terrify vt.

4、使恐惧；使惊吓terrified adj.恐惧的；害怕的24cruelty n残忍；残酷cruel adj.残酷的cruelly adv.残酷地25reward n报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的重点短语1out_of_work 失业2as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上3blow_up 使充气；爆炸 4in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5turn_to 求助于；致力于 6lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心7come_to_power 当权；上台 8set_up 设立；建立9be_sentenced_to 被判处(

5、徒刑) 10put_sb_in_prison 把某人投入监狱11be_willing_to_do_sth 愿意做某事 12vote_for/against 投票赞成/反对重点句型1see的用法和stage作先行词的定语从句The last thirty years have seen the， until today we have reached a stage where(教材P34)2“less形容词/副词”构成否定比较级，意为“不如，不比”“we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less

6、 important, or fight the government.”(教材P34)3reason(s)后的定语从句The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.(教材P37)语法要点定语从句()：(where, when, why, 介词which/whom引导)The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.(教材P34)1qualityn质量；品质；品德；优质adj.优质的；高级的What qualities

7、does a great person have? (教材P33)伟人具有什么样的品质？(1)(2)We aim to provide products of high quality at reasonable prices. 我们致力于以合理的价格提供高质量的产品。This company is more concerned with quality than with quantity.这家公司对质量的重视高于产量。My sister has many good qualities (quality) despite her rudeness.我姐姐虽然粗鲁，但还有许多优秀品质。We o

8、ffer our customers a quality product at a reasonable price.我们为顾客提供的产品物美价廉。【提示】 quality作“质量；优质”讲时，是不可数名词；作“品德；性质，特性”讲时，是可数名词。2devotevt.献身；致力于；专心于A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.(教材P33)伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。(1)devote(2)(3)devotion nU奉献；关爱；专心；忠诚You will never gain su

9、ccess unless you are fully devoted to your work.除非你全身心地投入工作中，否则你永远不会获得成功。He could only devote two hours a day to working (work) on the project, but his devotion (devote) to duty is worth respecting.他一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时，但他忠于职守是值得尊敬的。3attackvt.攻击；进攻；抨击；(疾病、虫、化学物等)侵袭n攻击；抨击；(疾病的)突然发作We chose to attack the l

10、aws.(教材P34)我们选择向法律进攻。(1)attackmake/launch an attack on/against攻击；抨击(2)be/come under attack 遭到攻击He suffered from a heart attack.他心脏病发作了。The police are launching a major attack on/against drug dealer.警方正在对毒品贩子发动大规模的攻击。The more he speaks out, the more he comes under attack.他说的越多，受到的攻击越多。 4equaladj.相等的；

11、平等的；胜任的vt.等于，和相等；抵得上n同等的人；相等物I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.(教材P34)我知道这将帮助我们实现让黑人和白人平等的梦想。(1)(2)We must bear in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting (waste) your life.我们必须牢记，浪费时间相当于浪费你的生命。She is a professional designer, so she is equal to the t

12、ask.她是专业设计师，所以她能胜任这项工作。He is really smart. No one equals him in intelligence.他真的很聪明。他的智力水平无人能及。He has made outstanding achievements which are wellknown in China and have also been recognized by the international society. He is without equal in this regard.他已取得了令人瞩目的成就，这些成就不仅为中国社会所熟知，也为国际社会所承认，在当下则更可

13、谓是无出其右。Men and women must be treated equally (equal) in education and employment.在教育和就业方面男女必须得到平等的对待。5escapev& n逃脱；逃生；泄露；避开；被忘记；未被注意It was a prison from which no one escaped.(教材P38)那是一座任何人都逃不出来的监狱。(1)escape(2)a narrow escape 九死一生Whoever breaks the law wont escape punishment/being_punished (punish)不管

14、是谁违反了法律都将不会逃脱惩罚。The residents were trying to escape from the fire but were overcome by the smoke.居民试图逃离火场，却被浓烟熏倒了。It might have escaped your notice, but Im very busy at the moment.也许你没注意到，可我此刻非常忙。【熟词生义】 写出加黑单词在语境中的含义。Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment

15、.被遗忘6rewardn报酬；悬赏；奖金vt.报答；赏给；酬劳They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.(教材P38)他们说来自新南非政府提供的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。(1)(2)reward sb withfor sth为某事而以报答某人(3)rewarding adj.有益的；值得的He gave a reward

16、 of $500 for his lost child. 他悬赏500美元寻找丢失的孩子。He received a medal in reward for his bravery. 他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。Ackerman was_rewarded (reward) the gold medal for being the fastest runner. 阿克曼跑得最快，因而获得了金牌。When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewardi

17、ng (reward)当被问到他对教书工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得非常有趣和有意义。【比较网站】名词动词reward报答；酬劳；奖赏奖励。不可跟双宾语，只可用reward sb with；reward sb for (doing)sth因而报答/奖励某人award奖品；奖金授予，颁发。award sb sthaward sth to sbAfter being awarded the first prize, he expressed that he would continue to reward the people and the society with his hard work.在

18、被授予一等奖之后，他表示会继续以他的努力来回报人们和社会。1out of work失业Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.(教材P34)糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。out of breath 气喘吁吁out of control 失去控制out of danger 脱离危险out of date/fashion 过时out of mind 心不在焉out of orde

19、r 混乱，无秩序；运转不正常，出毛病out of question 毫无疑问，无疑out of the question 不可能out of reach 够不着She was very ill, but is now out of danger. 她病重，但现已脱险。Sorry, you cant use the telephone. It is out of order. 对不起，电话出毛病了，你不能使用。It is totally out of the question to postpone the deadline. 想要推迟最后期限是完全不可能的。2turn to求助于；致力于；开始

20、从事；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal？(教材P35)为什么纳尔逊曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？【一词多义】 写出下列句中turn to的含义。Our talk turned to football. 转向People usually turn to the police for help when they are in trouble. 求助于He turned to the study of Shakespeare. 致力于Turn t

21、o the next page. 翻到After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism. 开始从事You shouldnt always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading. 查阅turn around 转身；旋转；回转；好转turn away 拒绝；不准(某人)入内turn down调小(音量等)；拒绝turn in上交，交出turn into把变成turn off关闭(开关等)turn over翻转；翻身；移

22、交turn out证明是；结果是；关掉；变成turn up调高；出现Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.上个周末，汤姆不得不拒绝参加聚会的邀请，因为他太忙了。Though it looked like rain this morning, it has turned out to be a fine day.尽管今早看起来要下雨，但结果却是一个好天。3lose heart丧失勇气或信心；灰心；泄气The scientist from whom we heard

23、 the good news never lost heart when he was in trouble.(教材P37)我们从其口中获得好消息的科学家遇到困难时从不灰心。learn sth by heart 背诵；牢记put ones heart into sth用全部精力去做某事lose ones heart to sb倾心于/爱上某人strikeinto ones heart使刻骨铭心heart and soul 全心全意地from the bottom of ones heart从某人的心底As an old saying goes, “Nothing is too hard if

24、you put your heart into it.”正如有句老话说的：“心之所愿，无所不成。”She lost her heart to a handsome policeman. 她倾心于一位英俊的警察。So I should serve my country heart and soul.因此，我应该全心全意服务我的国家。1see的用法和stage作先行词的定语从句The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have

25、 reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(教材P34)过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们仍处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。【句式点拨1】see, find, witness等词可用物作主语，以增添语言色彩，即拟人手法。see可译为“(在某段时期)发生(某情况)；经历；经受”。They came to the corner which had_seen (see) many accidents.他们来到了那个发生过许多次事故的拐角处。National Day saw people sin

26、ging and dancing happily in the street.国庆节里人们在大街上高兴地唱啊跳啊！The last thirty years have_witnessed (witness) a large number of laws guaranteeing us our rights.过去的三十年里制定了大量保障我们权利的法律。【句式点拨2】当先行词是stage, situation, case, position等词且从句缺少状语时，定语从句常用where或in/on which来引导。You could get into a situation where (in w

27、hich) you have to decide immediately.你可能遇上一种情况，即当下你不得不立刻作出决定。Were getting to the condition where/in which we can hardly go out together.我们已经快到几乎难以一起外出的地步了。2reason(s)后的定语从句The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.(教材P37)我得到工作是因为我工作努力。【句式点拨】reason后接定语从句时，如果引导词在定语从句中作宾语，定语从句应由关系代词that/whi

28、ch引导(可省略)；若作状语，应由why引导。Do you know the reason why he was absent this morning?你知道他今天上午缺席的原因吗？(作状语)He was absent today. The reason that/which he gave was that his father was in hospital. 他今天缺席了。他给出的原因是他父亲住院了。(作宾语).品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1I promise it will be an extremely rewarding (reward) experie

29、nce. 2Im willing (will) to admit that I have hurt her, but thats not my real meaning.3Horace is sodevoted (devote) to his garden that he hasnt been away for 10 years.4His sister ran away from home and went abroad because of familyviolence (violent)5The mine owner was sentenced to ten years in prison

30、 because he employed children as miners illegally.6The boy narrowly (narrow) escaped being knocked down when he ran across the road in front of the bus.7She spent a peaceful (peace) afternoon by the river with her two classmates.8Though he escaped from the big fire, his skin was severely burned.9Now

31、adays, womens contributions, skills and experience are equal to mens and must be rewarded accordingly.10The new policy provides an opportunity for young people to improve their performance under the guidance (guide) of professional coaches. .单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1Only when we realize the importance of he

32、lping each other can we devoted to building a harmonious society. 2Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves, the soldiers lost their heart at once. 3Lei Feng is a moral model in China. His is revealed in everything he does. 4Nelson Mandela was 75 when he became a president of South Af

33、rica.5Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape the rising flood waters.6As far as I know, he has been out of the work for several months.7In Singapore, government reports and most business letters are the main situations English is used.8I fell in love with the city for the first time

34、 I visited it. 9We must take proper steps to guarantee the students psychological health to which special attention should be paid / to .10He eventually his own advertising firm as well as a journal for contemporary arts, and he opened a gallery in Shanghai.课文语法填空Nelson Mandela, a freedom fighter, w

35、as 1active (act) in fighting 2for the equal rights of the black. During the time when Mandela lived, blacks had no rights 3to_vote (vote) and were out of work. They were put into a position 4where they had either to accept the fact that they were less important, 5or fight against the government. Man

36、dela helped black people by offering 6guidance (guide) to them on their legal problems. This prevented them from 7being badly treated by the government. He also called on blacks to attack the laws. Only when the peaceful way was of no use 8did they answer violence 9with violence. The black even blew

37、 up some government buildings, though it was dangerous. This turned out to be useful as it helped to achieve their dream of 10making (make) black and white people equal.阅读理解A(状元桥改编)A young woman sits alone in a caf sipping tea and reading a book. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad befor

38、e showing her words to a passing worker：“Where are the toilets please？” This is a familiar scene in Tokyos socalled “silent cafs”， where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought

39、 by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation. The phenomenon is not confined to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as sm

40、all desk tents designed for conversationfree privacy in the office. At the most unusual end of the spectrum(观点), one Kyoto company offers single women the opportunity to have a “one woman wedding”a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremonies and the only thing missing being the groo

41、m. The trend has its own media expression“botchizoku”， referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23yearold nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo

42、 time. Speaking quietly at the entrance of the caf， Miss Higashikokubaru said: “I heard about this place in magazines, and I like coming here. I work as a nurse and its always very busy. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo. Its a busy big city. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on m

43、y own. Im going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere, and its difficult to find.”The desire to be solitary is not a new concept in Japan, a nation home to an estimated36 million “hikikomori”a more extreme example of social recluses(隐士) who wit

44、hdraw completely from society.语篇导读本文为说明文，主要介绍了风靡日本的“沉默”咖啡馆以及逐渐盛行起来的“沉默”文化。1What can we know about the “silent cafs” according to the first paragraph?AIt provides all kinds of tea and books.BIt is a traditional caf.CIt is popular among young Japanese.DIt offers service by writing not by speaking.解析 D

45、细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，通过便条簿，顾客与服务员进行沟通，同时服务员通过手写提供服务，故选D项。2The word “botchizoku” in Paragraph 2 refers to _.Aa media expression on the InternetBa concept to be alone in JapanCsome persons that do their things by themselvesDsome persons that like reading in the cafs解析 C词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句可知，botchizoku指的是那些喜欢

46、独自做事的人，故选C项。3It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Higashikokubaru _.Ais a nurseBdoesnt live in TokyoCloves the idea and enjoys her time thereDoften spends her weekends in the cafs解析 C推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中的I like coming here以及该段最后一句I like the idea可知，东国原千寻小姐喜欢这种理念并且享受在这里的时光，故选C项。4Which of the following

47、is the most suitable title for the passage?ASilent cafs BLonely JapaneseCHappy weekends DPeaceful places解析 A标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了日本的“沉默”咖啡馆以及由此延伸出的日本特殊文化现象，故选A项。B(2019哈尔滨六中高三10月段考)Search engines like Google make people think they are smarter than they actually are because they have the worlds knowledge at t

48、heir fingertips, psychologists at Yale University have found. Surfing the Internet for information gives people a widely inaccurate view of their own intelligence and could lead to overconfidence when making decisions, experts warn.Experiments found that people who had searched on the Internet belie

49、ved they were far more knowledgeable about a subject than those who had learned by normal routes, such as reading a book. “The Internet is such a powerful environment, where you can enter any question, and you can easily get the worlds knowledge at your fingertips.” said Matthew Fisher, a psychology

50、 professor at Yale University. “But it becomes easier to confuse your own knowledge with this source. When people are truly on their own, they would easily get more wrong answers.”More than 1,000 students took part in a range of experiments aimed at studying the psychological impact of searching on

51、the Internet. In one test, the Internet group were given a website link which gave the answer to the question “how does a zip work？” while a control group were given a printout of the same information. When the two groups were tested later on an unrelated question“why are cloudy nights warmer？” the

52、group who had searched online believed they were more knowledgeable even though they were not allowed to look up the correct answer.“We also believe that the wrong sense of personal knowledge also could be perilous in some areas when people make decisions; in case where decisions have great influenc

53、e such as important business trade, it may cause millions of losses and even bankruptcy of a company.” Mr Fisher added.The Internet is a big benefit in many ways, but there may be some disadvantages that arent immediately obvious and this may be one of them. “Right personal knowledge is difficult to

54、 achieve, and the Internet may be making that task even harder.”语篇导读本文为议论文。耶鲁大学的心理学家发现，谷歌或雅虎等搜索引擎容易让人对自己的聪明程度自视过高，因为人们只要轻触指尖，就能获取全世界的知识。5According to Matthew Fisher, _.Apeople should keep away from the InternetBthe Internet should concentrate on expertiseCthe Internet has more benefits than disadvan

55、tagesDpeople shouldnt rely too much on the Internet解析 D推理判断题。 根据第二段最后一句可知，耶鲁大学心理学教授马修费舍尔认为：这样做很容易混淆自己的知识来源。当人们真正靠自己时，他们很可能会得到更多错误的答案，故选D项。6Researchers did the experiment through the way of _.Adiscussion Bassumption(猜测)Cobservation Dcomparison解析 D细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这个实验设置了一个网络组和一个控制对照组，通过将两个小组实验结果进行对比，从而得

56、出实验结论，故选D项。7The underlined word “perilous” most probably means _.Aridiculous Bdangerous Cbeneficial Dnormal解析 B词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，人们对于自己的知识的错误判断会使得其在某些领域造成巨大损失，所以画线处应该是一个表示消极态度的词。ridiculous可笑的；dangerous危险的；beneficial有益的；normal普通的，平常的，故选B项。8What is the main idea of the passage?APeople widely use the Inter

57、net.BThe Internet has many advantages.CThe Internet makes people overconfident.DMore experiments have been done on the Internet.解析 C主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段最后一句可知，上网浏览网页会让人们过分地自信，而当他们独立来处理这些问题时，他们在大多数情况下会出错，故选C项。.语法填空(2019湖北重点中学新高三起点)Qian Zhongshu was 1_a_ Chinese scholar and writer, 2known (know) for h

58、is wit and erudition(博学)Despite failing in mathematics, Qian was accepted 3into the Department of Foreign Languages of Tsinghua University in 1929 because of his excellent 4performance (perform) in Chinese and English languages. In Tsinghua, he met his wife Yang Jiang, who was 5to become (become) a

59、successful playwright and translator, and 6married (marry) her in 1935. In the same year, Qian received government sponsorship to further his studies abroad. Together with his wife, Qian headed for the University of Oxford in Britain. After 7spending (spend) two years at Exeter College, he received

60、a Bachelor of Literature. He then studied for one more year in the University of Paris in France before returning to China in 1938. Qian lived in Shanghai from 1941 to 1945, which was then under Japanese 8occupation (occupy). Many of his works were written or published during this period of time. A

61、collection of short 9essays (essay), Written in the Margins of Life, 10was_published (publish) in 1941 His most celebrated work Fortress Besieged appeared in 1947. On the Art of Poetry, written in classical Chinese, was published in 1948.语篇导读本文为记叙文，讲述了钱钟书先生的故事。1a解析 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，指学者兼作家，且Chinese的发音以辅音音

62、素开头，故填a。2known解析 考查非谓语动词。be known for sth以某事知名，以某物闻名。3into解析 考查介词。accept sb into接纳/录取某人进入，为固定搭配。 4performance解析 考查词性转换。由空前的his excellent可知，此处应用名词作介词of的宾语。5to become解析 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示“她即将成为一位成功的剧作家兼翻译家”，结合空前的was可知，此处应用不定式表示将来。6married解析 考查时态。动词marry与上文中的met之间是并列关系，且由时间状语in 1935可知，应用一般过去时。7spendin

63、g解析 考查非谓语动词。由空前的介词After可知，空处应填v.ing形式作宾语。8occupation解析 考查词性转换。根据空前的介词under和形容词Japanese可知，空处应用名词。under occupation被占领。9essays解析 考查名词的数。a collection of一系列(一批，一堆)，故此处用复数形式。10was published解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示Written in the Margins of Life于1941年出版，publish与其主语之间是动宾关系，且谓语用第三人称单数形式；由时间状语in 1941可知，此处应用一般过去时的被

64、动语态。.短文改错John, a heavy smoker, once felt . His hands started shaking and he a lot, so he turned to his doctor for help. “Quit smoking，” the doctor advised. the advice reasonable from several points, such as money and ， John decided to give up smoking. ， for several hours without a cigarette, John wa

65、s nervous and had a difficulty concentrating, which made him hungrier for a cigarette. He said to himself, “One more, I will quit it tomorrow. Tomorrow will be a suitable day for me to break from the bad habit” Then he picked up a cigarette made him relaxed. Again and again John made up his mind to

66、it “tomorrow” 解析 badtempered脾气不好的。 解析 动词cough与started并列，故用一般过去时。 解析 find和逻辑主语John之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作原因状语。 解析 such as后的内容是并列关系，故用healthy的名词形式，与money保持一致。 解析 上文说到约翰决定戒烟，下文说几个小时不抽烟，约翰感到不安、注意力无法集中。所以两句之间是转折关系。 解析 have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难，为固定搭配。 解析 one more和后面的句子之间为顺承关系，需要用and连接。 解析 break away fr

67、om脱离，远离。 解析 先行词是cigarette，故关系代词用which或that。 解析 make up ones mind to do sth下定决心做某事。.书面表达 (2019安徽十校联盟高三摸底)假定你是李华，你校打算成立Fans英语俱乐部，想邀请外教Smith参加，请你给Smith写封邀请函，内容包括：1成立俱乐部的目的；2活动时间、地点及安排；3邀请加入。注意：1词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】Dear Smith，Im Li Hua, a student in Class 1, Grade3To arouse our interest in Eng

68、lish learning and provide a platform for us to practice English, our school has decided to set up Fans English Club.Well gather in the meeting room after school every Friday afternoon, when various activities will be organized and performed，like singing English songs and having debates in English.Im very honored to invite you to join us representing our school. I hold the firm belief that your appearance in our club will certainly inspire us all to become more interested in English and therefore work harder at English.Hoping to see you every Friday afternoon.Yours sincerely，Li Hua