备战2021年高考英语二轮复习 篇章体裁分类专项训练 专题01 说明文（一）（含解析）.docx

1、备战2021年高考英语篇章体裁分类专项训练专题01 说明文（一） 话题：完形填空幸福是什么？如何才能实现幸福的感觉。阅读理解A篇 说明了北斗导航系统的应用功能等基本情况。B篇 介绍了食物渴望的定义以及对食物渴望的一些研究发现。C篇 可口可乐公司将提高产品包装材料的回收率，直至其所有包装完全可回收。七选五面对诸多的压力时应该先做什么的建议。改错介绍了中国龙井茶，以及龙井茶与乾隆帝的故事。语法填空讲述了活字印刷的历史, 活字印刷的过程及活字印刷对世界文明的影响。一、完形填空Happiness, above all else in the world, is what people seek. Th

2、ey want to have happiness, and want to know they have a lot of it. But happiness, like air or water, is a 1 thing to grasp in ones hand. So how does one know if they have it? Is it just a 2 ? And if someone does not feel happy, how can they go about 3 that feeling?Happiness is not 4 by material weal

3、th. A new car or television, a waterskiing boat or a three-level house is not 5 to joyful feelings. They are status symbols, surely, but they dont 6 a happy life. People who have wealth can be 7 , just as the poor can be living joyfully. Possessions can be 8 and lost, and with that comes fear. And f

4、ear 9 leads to happiness.So if it isnt “stuff” that gains happiness, then what can? Well, 10 can. People need to have a sense of purpose. These people often have a feeling of satisfaction. They sense they were put on this planet for a 11 . To each person, this purpose can be 12 . Maybe they were mea

5、nt to teach. Maybe they were meant to learn. And goals can be 13 things, like taking an extra moment each day to breathe. But having 14 in life, a feeling of moving forward, can make people feel happy.But taking that forward motion too 15 can be a bad thing. Success at the expense of everything else

6、 leads to the 16 of happiness. Life requires 17 . And people who understand there is a balance between work and 18 are more in tune with the universe and, therefore, better able to achieve happiness. Life with a bit of humor is more 19 . So people can be happy if they have something to strive for an

7、d something to 20 about.1AvitalBhardCstrangeDmagic2AfeelingBsignCgiftDreward3AignoringBreplacingCachievingDchecking4AmeasuredBexchangedCboughtDcontrolled5AcloseBsimilarCharmfulDequal6AchangeBguaranteeCstartDinfluence7AproudBstressedCrudeDunhappy8AborrowedBrobbedCgainedDreturned9ArarelyBalwaysCevenDs

8、till10AmoneyBjobsCloveDgoals11AmomentBtripCreasonDposition12ArewardingBdifferentCchallengingDimpractical13AmeaningfulBsmallCinstructiveDsignificant14AcreativityBpowerCwealthDprogress15AfarBhighClateDslowly16AresultBchangeCoppositeDimagination17AbalanceBcareCemotionDfriendship18AmusicBplayCartDstudy1

9、9AdifferentBworthwhileCbeneficialDpleasant20AworryBtalkClaughDthink二、阅读选择AIn ancient times, our ancestors relied on stars to guide them on a clear night. Today, we have navigational systems to help us find our way, with the latest being the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS).The BDS is entirel

10、y built by Chinese engineers. With the launch of the last satellite from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 23, the global network of 59 satellites has been completed. On July 31, Beidou started providing full-scale global services. Its difficult to imagine the dramatic impact those satelli

11、tes, orbiting the Earth, have on our daily lives.When you unlock one of Hellobikes bicycles, you are using the BDS. The popular bike-sharing company came out with two new bike models this year that are equipped with the positioning service. “The intelligent lock on each bike receives Beidou satellit

12、e signals and sends positioning information to the data center, which will help collect big data on the bikes and estimate users riding demands in advance according to the data,” Chu Yiqun, a manager of Hellobike told Xinhua News Agency. Users can also find shared bikes more accurately thanks to Bei

13、dous global positioning accuracy of 2.34 meters.However, the BDS doesnt just work one way. As the countrys largest space-based system and one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States GPS, Russias GLONASS and the European Unions Galileo, Beidou adopts a unique two-way communic

14、ation system, including its ability to receive messages sent by people from areas with poor communication signals. Obviously, this exclusive function isnt designed for users to chat online. Instead, it plays a role when disasters occur and communications are blocked.After the Wenchuan earthquake in

15、2008, all ground-based communication facilities were interrupted. Though the first generation of Beidou could only send 120 characters in a single message at that time, communication between affected areas and rescue centers was successful. Now, Beidous messaging capacity has been increased to 1,200

16、 Chinese characters in a single message. It is widely used in disaster alarms, automatic identification and information release.As Sun Jiadong, former chief designer of the BDS said: “The application of Beidou is merely limited by imagination.”21What can we know about Beidou from the passage?AIts ab

17、le to provide worldwide coverage for navigation.BIts last satellite was launched in Xichang on July 31.CIts one of the five global navigation networks.DIts jointly developed by Chinese and foreign engineers.22Why is Hellobike mentioned in paragraph 3?ATo present the benefits and limitations of the B

18、DS.BTo highlight the high positioning accuracy of the BDS.CTo show how the BDS makes peoples daily lives easier.DTo explain the unique way in which the BDS works.23What is the function of Beidous two-way communication system?ATo collect instant feedback sent by global users.BTo allow users to chat o

19、nline more conveniently.CTo make communication more fun and efficient.DTo help people when communication signals are weak.24What do Sun Jiadongs words in the last paragraph imply?ABeidou stimulates users imagination.BBeidou may be more helpful than we know.CBeidou is currently limited in application

20、.DBeidou needs to be further perfected.B Its half past 2 in the early morning. Youve been working hard at work and a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you just at this moment. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesnt. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well.

21、 The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fair

22、ly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger”. When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone（荷尔蒙）sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and s

23、leep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival.A craving is more complex. It activates（使活跃）brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. So, some scientists

24、 call food cravings “mind hunger”. People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted

25、eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.” So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.So, the next time you crave someth

26、ing very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.25The article begins with two situations in the first paragraph to _.Adeepen the understanding of hungerBreport the discovery of craving studyCintroduce the topic of the whole passageDremind readers of their own special f

27、ood26What do we learn about food craving?AIt shows food is linked to feelings.BIt ensures a person survives hunger.CIt means the stomach functions well.DIt proves the brain decides your appetite.27Whats the likely result of dieting?AThe decrease of chemicals.BThe increase of food desire.CThe refusal

28、 of fat and sugar.DThe disappearance of appetite.28What does the passage mainly discuss?AThe functions of brain areas.BWhat hunger is all about.CThe findings of food craving.DWhat dieting may bring us.C Coca-Cola, which reportedly produced more than 3 million tons of plastic packaging in 2017, annou

29、nced Thursday it wants to “help fix the worlds plastic waste problem one community (社区) at a time.”The soda giant is doing so by providing $ 5.4 million for recycling programs in cities like Atlanta, Boston, Denver and Houston. In these cities, partners, like The Green Blue Institute and The Recycli

30、ng Partnership, which receive the money, will work together to improve recycling rates.“We focus on areas where we have the ability to make the biggest influence on communities through the funding and expert skills of Coca-Cola employees,” Carlos Pagoagoa, Coca-Colas group director of community part

31、nerships, said in a statement. “In each city, local partners will work together to identify barriers to recycling on a local level and test a range of solutions,” he added. “We hope the learnings from these model markets can offer solutions to other cities facing similar challenges.”As part of the e

32、ffort, The Recycling Partnership and the city of Atlanta, where the cola companys headquarters are based, will send street teams out to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and cant recycle, and let them know how their efforts work.“Two of the most urgent proble

33、ms with recycling in the U. S. today are lack of access, followed by pollution in recycling,” Keefe Harrison, CEO of The Recycling Partnership, said in a statement. “We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works.”L

34、ast year, Coca-Cola announced its task to collect and reuse a bottle or can for each one it sells, and increase the amount of its products out of recycled materials to 50% by 2030. The brand also aims to make all its packaging fully recyclable by 2025.29What does Coca-Cola company intend to do in th

35、e program?AProduce less packaging.BHelp deal with plastic waste.CPick up waste in communities.DBuild a plant to recycle plastic waste.30Whats Paragraph 2 mainly about?AHow Coca-Cola conducts its program.BWhat organizations participate in the program.CHow Coca-Cola chooses cities for the program.DWha

36、t the local people do in Coca-Colas program.31What do street teams do to help?ASort out various waste in the city.BLook into the cause of pollution.CInstruct local people what to recycle.DHand cards to the locals in person.32What does Keefe Harrison think of the program?APromising.BDifficult.CPionee

37、ring.DCostly.三、七选五As a senior year student, you may have so many pressures coming from so many directions that you cant figure out what to do first.33 When you have many things to do and a lot of demands on your time, you can lose sight of whats important. One of the best ways to see the big picture

38、 what you want out of life is to lay out your goals.Pressure Points and How to Deal With ThemConfused or overwhelmed - 34 . Discuss your concerns with a friend, parent or teacher. They may help you find solutions to your problems and worries.Being too hard on yourself ease up, take a break and do so

39、mething you enjoy. Daydream, read a book, go out with friends anything that helps you relax.Problems, problems, problems recognize your limits. Its too stressful to try to deal with all your problems at once. 35 Goal-Setting TipsIts important to remember that goals belong to you not to your parents,

40、 your teachers, or your friends. After youve set your goals, identify the skills you have to achieve those goals. 36 , do some research. Try the library, your guidance adviser and teachers, and other people who could help you.37 . If your goal is something you no longer want, change it. Identify the

41、 barriers to getting your goals. Consider ways to overcome them. Dont get depressed by a big, long-term goal see what steps you can take to achieve it and set those steps down as short-term, “do-able” goals. AToo much to doBIf youre not sure what skills youll needCtalk to someone you trustDGoals exi

42、st to serve youE.Balancing goals in lifeF.Choose whats most urgent and set aside the rest until laterG.As long as you know what skill is important and what isnt四、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文 中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或 修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一

43、横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词.注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Longjing tea, it has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its color, taste and shape? is named after its production region-Longjing Village of West Lake.Thanks for Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the tea has earn

44、ed a high reputation. The story went that Emperor Qianlong was visited the mountain during his Hangzhou travels, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at the foot of the mountain. He was very interested in their movements that he decided to have a go himself. While picked the tea, he received the n

45、ews of his mothers illness, so he carelessly puts the leaves in his sleeve and left Hangzhou for Beijing. He visited his mother immediately upon his arrival in Beijing. His mother smelt the fragrance of the tea leaves from his sleeves and wanted to have a taste. After drinking a cup of tea, she foun

46、d herself completely refreshing, and she even praised it as cure for all illnesses. From now on, the tea was listed as the tribute tea(贡茶).五、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Woodblock printing first appeared in the early Tang period. During the Song dynasty, the technique of block printi

47、ng was very advanced. Books were 39 (beautiful) printed. Even today the books 40 (print) at the time are valuable and treasured by libraries and book collectors.However, block printing 41 (be) not very convenient. Every two pages of a book had to be carved on a woodblock, and a big book would requir

48、e many blocks. Besides, there had to be large places for storing the books. 42 (overcome) these shortcomings, Bi Sheng invented the movable type during the years between 1041 and 1048. One word was carved on one piece of clay, 43 was hardened with fire. Then clay characters were set on 44 iron plate

49、 according to the text of a book. Then ink was applied to them and 45 (sheet) of paper spread over them, and the printing was done. Bi Shengs invention made printing faster and 46 (easy) than before. Later, movable type of metal and wood was made and widely used.The technique of printing was gradual

50、ly known to other Asian countries and Europe. The great influence printing had 47 the advance of civilization is too clear to need any 48 (explain).专题01 说明文（一） 参考答案一、完形填空【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D11. C 12. B 13. B 14. D 15. A16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. C【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要向人们介

51、绍幸福是什么？如何才能实现幸福的感觉。1考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸福就像水和空气一样很难抓在手里。 A. vital至关重要的；B. hard 困难的；C. strange奇怪的；D. magic魔术的; 超自然的。 根据“ like air or water”可知作者把幸福比作水和空气，水和空气是很难抓住的，故选B项。2考查名词词义辨析。句意：怎么知道他们有没有幸福呢？只是一种感觉吗？ A. feeling感觉；B. sign符号；迹象； C. gift 礼物；D. reward 报酬，酬谢。设空处与下文“how can they go about _3_ that feeling?”相呼

52、应，这里要表达的是“幸福只是一种感觉吗”，故选A项。3考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果有人不快乐，他们怎么能实现这种感觉呢？A. ignoring 忽视；B. replacing代替；C. achieving实现，获得；D. checking 检查。根据前文“ if someone does not feel happy”可知这里作者提出了假设：如果有人感觉不幸福，又该怎么实现这种感觉呢？故选C项。4考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸福不是用物质财富来衡量的。A. measured 测量；衡量；B. exchanged 交换；C. bought购买；D. controlled 控制。根据后文“ They

53、are status symbols, surely, but they dont _6_a happy life.”可知作者认为车，电视等物质财富虽然是地位的象征，但不能带来幸福的生活，也就是说，幸福不是用物质财富来衡量的。故选A项。5考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一辆新车或一台电视机、一艘滑水船或一栋三层楼的房子不等于快乐的感觉。 A. close亲近的；B. similar相似的；C. harmful 有害的；D. equal 平等的；相等的。根据前文“Happiness is not _4_ by material wealth.”可知幸福不是用物质财富来衡量的，也就是说新车，电视机等物质

54、财富不等于快乐的感觉。be equal to为固定搭配，意为“与相等”符合语境。故选D项。6考查动词词义辨析。句意： 它们当然是地位的象征，但不能保证幸福的生活。A. change改变；B. guarantee保证；C. start开始D. influence 影响。根据前文“A new car or television, a waterskiing boat or a three-level house is not _5_ to joyful feelings.”可知作者一辆新车或一台电视机、一艘滑水船或一栋三层楼的房子不等于快乐的感觉，也就是说这些东西不能保证你拥有幸福的生活。故选B项

55、。7考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有钱的人也可能不快乐，就像穷人可以快乐地生活一样。 A. proud 骄傲的；B. stressed焦虑不安的；C. rude粗鲁的；无礼的；D. unhappy 不高兴的。根据后文“just as the poor can be living joyfully. ”可知作者认为穷人可以快乐地生活，这里的穷人与富人形成了对比，结合前文作者认为物质财富不等于幸福，可知这里作者要表达的是“有钱人也可能不快乐”，故选D项。8考查动词词义辨析。句意：财产可以得到和失去，这一点带来恐惧。 A. borrowed借；B. robbed抢劫；C. gained获得；D. ret

56、urned 返还。根据后面的lost可知这里在说金钱的得与失，故选C项。9考查副词词义辨析。句意： 而恐惧很少能带来幸福。A. rarely 很少地；罕见地；B. always经常；C. even 甚至；D. still 仍然。根据常识，恐惧很少能带给人幸福的。故选A项。10考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，如果不是“东西”能带来幸福，那又有什么能呢？目标也可以带来幸福。 A. money金钱；B. jobs 工作；C. love 爱； D. goals 目标。根据后文“People need to have a sense of purpose. ”可知人需要有目标感，所以这里作者认为目标可以带

57、来幸福。故选D项。11考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们觉得他们被带到这个星球上是有原因的。 A. moment 瞬间；B. trip旅行；C. reason理由，原因；D. position 位置。根据后文“To each person, this purpose can be ”可知这些人都有各自的目标，他们觉得他们被带到这个星球上是有原因的。故选C项。12考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于每个人来说，这个目标可能是不同的。A. rewarding 有报酬的；B. different不同的；C. challenging 具有挑战性的；D. impractical 不实用的。根据后文“Maybe th

58、ey were meant to teach. Maybe they were meant to learn.”可知也许有人生来是教书的，有人生来是学习的，每个人的目标都不同。故选B项。13考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目标可以是小事，比如每天多花点时间呼吸。A. meaningful有意义的；B. small 小的；C. instructive 有教育意义的；D. significant 重要的，有意义的。根据后文“like taking an extra moment each day to breathe”可知作者举了个例子，比如每天多花点时间呼吸，而多花点时间呼吸是一件小事，故选B项。14

59、考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是在生活中有进步，有前进的感觉，可以让人感到快乐。A. creativity创造力；B. power 力量；C. wealth财富；D. progress 进步。 后文“a feeling of moving forward（有一种前进的感觉）”是设空处的同位语，前进的感觉就是指取得进步，故选D项。15考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，太过于追求进步可能是件坏事，不会获得幸福。 A. far （用于谈及行为）过分到；B. high 高；C. late晚；迟；D. slowly 缓慢地。根据后文“Success at the at the expense of everyt

60、hing else”可知有人以牺牲一切为代价取得成功，这种追求进步的程度太过了，故选A项。16考查名词词义辨析。句意：以牺牲一切为代价的成功会导致幸福的反面（不幸福）。 A. result结果；B. change 改变；C. opposite 对立面；D. imagination 想象力。根据前文“But taking that forward motion too _15_ can be a bad thing.”可知作者认为过分追求进步会是一件坏事，坏事与幸福是对立的，所以这里作者要表达的是“以牺牲一切为代价的成功会导致幸福的反面”。故选C项。17考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活需要平衡。 A

61、. balance 平衡；B. care 照料；C. emotion情感；D. friendship 友谊。根据后文“who understand there is a balance between work”可知这里在谈论生活中的平衡。故选A项。18考查名词词义辨析。句意：懂得工作和娱乐之间平衡的人，更能与宇宙和谐相处，更能获得幸福。A. music音乐；B. play 娱乐；C. art艺术；D. study 学习。根据常识，生活中工作与娱乐是相对对立的，人们需要平衡生活和娱乐。故选B项。19考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 有点幽默的生活会更愉快。A. different 不同的；B. wo

62、rthwhile值得的；C. beneficial 有益的；D. pleasant 令人愉悦的。有点幽默的生活会更愉快。故选D项。20考查动词词义辨析。句意： 如果人们有东西可以为之奋斗，有东西可以笑，那么他们就是快乐幸福的。 A. worry 担忧；B. talk 说；C. laugh笑。D. think 思考。根据前文“Life with a bit of humor is more _19_ . ”可知有点幽默的生活会更愉快。这里与前文相呼应，如果人有为之奋斗的目标，有东西可以笑，那么他们就是快乐幸福的。故选C项。二、阅读选择A【答案】 21A 22C 23D 24B【分析】 这是一篇说

63、明文，文章主要说明了北斗导航系统的应用功能等基本情况。B【答案】 25C 26A 27B 28C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物渴望的定义以及对食物渴望的一些研究发现。25 推理判断题。第一段中“Youve been working hard at work and a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you just at this moment.”和“Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup

64、”说明在两种情况下都会产生对食物的渴望，再有下面几段对食物渴望研究发现的介绍可知，文章以这两种对食物的渴望情况开始，就是为了介绍文章主题。故选C项。26细节理解题。由第三段 “It activates（使活跃）brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger” Foods that are

65、 high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.”（它激活了大脑中与情感、记忆和奖励相关的区域。在对药物渴望的研究中，这些区域也是被激活的。因此，一些科学家把对食物的渴望称为“精神饥饿”高脂肪或高糖的食物会在大脑中产生化学物质。这些化学物质给我们快乐的感觉。）可知，食物渴望的研究说明了食物与情感有关。故选A项。27细节理解题。由第四段研究人员的发现“dieting or restricted eating generally in

66、creases the possibility of food craving.”可知，节食会增加对食物的渴望。故选B项。28主旨大意题。文章第一段引起文章主题“Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food.”，第二段是“食物渴望与饥饿”，第三段是“食物渴望与情感”第四段是“食物渴望与节食”， 可知三段的段落中心都是在讨论食物渴望的研究发现。故选C项。 C【答案】 29B 30A 31C 32A【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了可口可乐公司将提高产品包装材料的回收率，直至其所有包装完全可回收。29细节理解题。

67、根据文章第一段Coca-Cola, which reportedly produced more than 3 million tons of plastic packaging in 2017, announced Thursday it wants to “help fix the worlds plastic waste problem one community (社区) at a time.”可知，据报道，可口可乐公司在2017年生产了超过300万吨的塑料包装。该公司周四宣布，希望“帮助一个社区解决全球塑料垃圾问题”。由此可知，可口可乐公司的计划解决一次全球塑料垃圾问题。故选B。30

68、主旨大意题。根据文章第二段The soda giant is doing so by providing $ 5.4 million for recycling programs in cities like Atlanta, Boston, Denver and Houston. In these cities, partners, like The Green Blue Institute and The Recycling Partnership, which receive the money, will work together to improve recycling rates

69、.可知，这家碳酸饮料巨头为亚特兰大、波士顿、丹佛和休斯顿等城市的回收项目提供了540万美元。在这些城市，像绿蓝研究所和回收伙伴关系这样的合作伙伴将共同努力提高回收率。由此可知，本段主要讲述可口可乐是如何执行其计划的。故选A。31细节理解题。根据文章第四段As part of the effort, The Recycling Partnership and the city of Atlanta, where the cola companys headquarters are based, will send street teams out to open recycling carts

70、and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and cant recycle, and let them know how their efforts work.可知，作为这一努力的一部分，回收伙伴关系和可口可乐公司总部所在的亚特兰大市将派出街道队伍，打开回收车，给市民们留下卡片，告诉他们什么可以回收，什么不能回收，并让他们知道他们的努力是如何进行的。 由此可知，街头团队指导当地居民如何回收利用。故选C。32推理判断题。根据文章第五段We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that

71、the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works.可知，我们从2017年亚特兰大的成功中得知，市民们想要回收利用，而且在街上与他们交流是有效的。由此推断，Keefe Harrison认为此项目是有希望的。故选A。三、七选五【答案】33E 34C 35F 36B 37D四、短文改错本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国龙井茶，以及龙井茶与乾隆帝的故事。【详解】1.考查非限性定语从句。句意：因其色、味和形位列中国十大名茶之首的龙井茶以产地龙井村命名。分析句子可知此处应为非限性定语从句修饰L

72、ongjing tea，且从句中缺主语，因此用which。故it 改为which。2.考查介词。句意：多亏了乾隆帝，龙井茶获得了很高的名声。thanks to多亏了，需把for改成to。故for 改为to。3.考查主动语态。句意：乾隆帝在杭州游览时拜访了这座山。根据句意可知此处需用主动语态。故去掉was。4. 考查固定句式。句意：他对她们的动作如此感兴趣以至于他自己要试一试。根据句意可知此处考查句式so.that“如此以至于”。故very改为so。5. 考查现在分词作时间状语。句意：当他正在采茶的时候，他收到了母亲去世的消息，因此，他随意地把茶树的叶子放进一只袖子里，然后离开杭州。pick与逻

73、辑主语Emperor Qianlong构成主谓关系，需用主动形式，故应用现在分词picking。故picked 改为picking。6. 考查谓语动词的时态。句意：当他正在采茶的时候，他收到了母亲得病的消息，因此，他随意地把茶树的叶子放进一只袖子里，然后离开杭州。根据其后的and left，可知此处需用一般过去时，故puts 改为put。7. 考查名词的单复数。句意：他的母亲闻到了那只袖子里的茶叶发出的香味，并想品尝一下。根据上文，可知当年乾隆只是把少量茶叶放在一只袖子里，故应用名词单数sleeve。故sleeves 改为sleeve。8.考查过去分词作宾补。句意：喝了一杯茶后，她感到自己精神

74、抖擞，她甚至称赞它为一种包治百病的疗法。根据句子结构可知此处为find的复合结构，此结构中的宾补用来补充说明宾语herself，故应用refreshed“（感到）神清气爽的”；refreshing“使人精神振奋的”，常用来修饰物，例如：refreshing drinks。故refreshing改为refreshed。9. 考查冠词。句意：喝了一杯茶后，她感到自己精神抖擞，她甚至称赞它为一种包治百病的疗法。根据语意，此处意为“一种治疗办法”，因此应用不定冠词。故as后面加上a。10. 考查固定搭配。句意：从那时起，龙井茶就位列贡茶行列。from then on从那时起。故now 改为then。五

75、、用单词的适当形式完成短文【答案及分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了活字印刷的历史, 活字印刷的过程及活字印刷对世界文明的影响。39考查副词。print是动词, 要用副词修饰，所以填beautifully。40考查过去分词。books与print之间是动宾关系, 用过去分词短语printed at the time作定语修饰books，所以填printed。41考查动词时态。全文讲述的是过去的事情, 要用一般过去时态, 且block printing是单数, 谓语动词也应用单数形式was。42考查动词不定式。句意：为了克服这些不足之处，毕昇发明了活字印刷。此处动词不定式表示目的，所以填To

76、overcome。43考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知这是一个非限制性定语从句, 先行词clay在从句中作 主语, 用关系代词which。44考查冠词。plate是可数名词, 单数形式前加不定冠词表示泛指, 因iron的首字母发音是元音, 用不定冠词an。45考查名词。sheets of paper意为“一张张纸”, 前面没冠词, 应用复数形式，所以填sheets。46考查比较级。根据faster及than可知, 这里在进行比较，用比较级，所以填easier。47考查介词。have influence on意为“对有影响”, 是固定搭配，所以填on。48考查名词。need是动词, 后接名词作其宾语, 动词explain的名词是explanation。