2013高考总复习英语优化课件（广东专用）：语法专项训练（十三）（北师大版）.ppt

1、语法专项训练(十三)名词性从句英语名词性从句由连词、连接代词和连接副词引导,按其作用与功能,分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.引导名词性从句的关联词语法精讲语法精讲类别关联词备注连接词that宾语从句中可以省略,其他从句中不可省略if,whether宾语从句中多可通用,其他从句中用whether类别关联词备注连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever连接副词when,where,how,why.朗读下列各句,并思考划线的从句在全句中作什么成分.1What he did made me extremely angry.()他所做的事使

2、我非常生气.作主语2Whether we will go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather.(不用if)明天是否去野餐取决于天气.()3My suggestion is that we should turn the land int rice fields.我的建议是:我们应当把那片地变成稻田.()作主语作表语4He said that he got up late and that he was late fo class.他说他起晚了并且上课迟到了.()5She has made it clear that she will get m

3、arried next month.她很清楚地表明,她将于下个月结婚.()作宾语作宾语6Our success depends on whethereveryone works hard.(不用if)我们的成功取决于大家是否努力.()7Let me know whether or not you can come.(不用if)告诉我你能不能来.()作宾语作宾语8The fact that he tells lies all the time makes us surprised.他一直说谎这个事实使我们感到惊讶.()9The advice that she wait till next wee

4、k is reasonable.(不用which)她等到下周这个建议是很有道理的.()作同位语作同位语归纳小结:名词性从句,顾名思义,其用法相当于一个名词的用法,在句中可作主语、表语、同位语、宾语,分别叫做主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句.一、主语从句(一)从句引导词:that,whether,who,whom,whose,what,which,when,where,why,how等.1That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature.2Who will win the match is still

5、unknown.3Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.【注意】放在名词性从句句首,表示“是否”,只能用whether,不能用if.(二)位置1That he knows Japanese is known to all.2What surprised me was to see him here.3When he will come is unknown.4Whether he is comi

6、ng doesnt matter much.5It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.归纳小结:主语从句的位置 1.在句首；2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It.1It be 形容词 that 从句2It be 名词词组(duty/pity.)that 从句3It be 过去分词(said/thought.)that 从句4It 不及物动词(seem/happen.)that 从句例句:1It is a pity that we cant go swimming.真可惜我们不能去游泳.2It happened that

7、I was out that day.碰巧那天我外出了.3It is certain that he will do well in the exam.他考试肯定会考好.4It is said that he told her everything.据说他已告诉了她一切.二、宾语从句宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语.We all know(that)the Earth is round.Yao Ming will talk to us about what he saw in the USA.【注意】某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句.这些形容词和过去分词常见的有:afraid,certa

8、in,glad,happy,surprised等.I am not sure whether I can afford to buy the furniture.宾语从句的否定转移:某些动词如think,believe,expect等,如果宾语从句的意思是否定句,常把否定转移到主句的谓语上.如“我认为他不会遵守诺言.”一句,在英语中应说:I dont think he will keep his promise.三、表语从句表语从句位于主句中的系动词之后.That is why he was absent from school yesterday.That is where he once

9、lived.【注意】连词because,as if也可以引导表语从句.It looks as if it was going to snow.It is because he was ill.四、同位语从句同位语从句跟在名词之后,进一步说明该名词的具体内容.常见的这类名词有:fact,hope,idea,order,problem,belief,doubt,truth,suggestion,thought,question等.We all know the fact that he always tells lies.I am glad and excited at the good news

10、 that Ive got the first prize for the competition.听到我竞赛获得一等奖的消息,我既高兴又激动.【注意】引导同位语从句一般不使用连接代词.如果主句的谓语太短,为了使句子平衡,常把同位语从句置于主句谓语之后.The news came that the enemy soldiers were completely wiped out.敌军被完全消灭的消息传来了.一翻译句子1据说今年高一学生要学新教材._提升演练提升演练It is said that the Senior Grade One students will learn a new tex

11、t this year.2事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务._It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves3碰巧他们已经参加过军训了._4众所周知,比尔盖茨是世界上最富有的人._It happened that they had had their military trainingIt is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.5我们应该养成好的学习习惯,这很重要._6真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了._It is important that

12、 we(should)form a good habit of studying.It is strange that he should be late today.二、单句填空用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空.1It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.whatever解析:whatever引导一个宾语从句,并且作wants的宾语.这里的whatever不能改成what,因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么是不明智的”,具有泛指的概念.同时要注意,这里whatever也不能改用no

13、matter what,因为后者只能引导状语从句.2I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _you had a few days off?解析:why引导的从句作表语,同时why在从句中作原因状语.这里之所以选why,而不是when或 where等,唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义及语境why3It was a matter of _would take the position.解析:这是一个含宾语从句的复合句,作介词of宾语的是后面的整个句子,而不是宾语从句的引导词,由于引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要

14、用whom).who4Chinas success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.解析:该句中的从句作shows的宾语,是宾语从句,又因为从句中不缺主、宾语,所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略,所以答案是that或不填.that/不填5Then arose the question _ we were to get so much money.解析:先行词与where,when概念一致时,是定语

15、从句,题中的question与where不表同一概念,可见是同位语从句,所以where不能改用“介词which”的形式.where6This is the house _ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.解析:题中的house与where同表地点,且这个关系副词where可以用“介词which”的形式代替,所以答案where 和in which都可以引导.where/in which7It doesnt matter _ I rest or not.解析:引导主语从句而且后面有or not,只能用whether不能用if.whet

16、her8._ in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive in Beijing next Friday.解析:主语从句常用句型中非常常用的一种:It is 过去分词that clause.It is said9I think it is _ youre eating too much.解析:because 引导的从句充当is的表语.这也是常用的一个句型:It/This is because 后加原因.because三、根据意思,填上适当的词1_ some people regard as a drawback is seen

17、as a plus by many others.2_was most important to her,she told me,was her family.3_ is a shame that he was late for school again.WhatWhatIt4_ he was scolded by his teacher annoyed a lot.5_ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.ThatWhether四、语篇填空根据短文意思用适当的词完成下面的短文.I dont know 1._ youve not

18、iced 2._some students dont want to walk to school.It can be seen every day 3._ their parents drive them to school.whetherthatthatBut nowadays,it should be brought to our notice 4._the air is seriously polluted.5._can we do about it？Here I have a suggestion 6._ we should ride on our bike to school！7._ we can do it will not only have significant benefits for our health,thatWhatthatThat8._also help improve our environment.9._we will have a better environment depends on 10._ we can do for ourselves and for nature.butWhetherwhat本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放