小升初 名词和冠词的详解与训练（无答案）.docx

1、学科教师辅导教案 学员编号： 年 级：小升初 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 课程主题：名词和冠词授课时间：2019.5.27学习目标进一步熟悉名词与冠词的相关考点教学内容名词和冠词名词一 分类 专有名词 Sarah e.g. Sarah is a girl. 普通名词 girl(1) 普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an、定冠词the或不加冠词。(2) 表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的词为专有名词，专有名词的首字母要大写。二 可数名词和不可数名词（一）可数名词的家务事可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由

2、单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：book books; room roomshouse houses; day days2. 以s, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：bus buses; glass glasseswatch watches dish dishes; box boxes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：city cities; body bodies factory factories等等。4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half halves; leaf

3、leavesknife knives; wife wives5. 以o结尾的词，加-s或-es. 如：1) 有生命的加es: Negro, hero, potato, tomato.2) 无生命的加s：zoo, photo6. 特例 悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。 child children man men ；woman womenpoliceman policemen(规律：man men) tomato tomatoespotato potatoes悄悄话： 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo photos foot feet；toot

4、h teeth悄悄话：oo变成ee。 sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形悄悄话： 变复数时词形不变。7. 有些名词只有复数形式。如：pants, jeans, shorts, glasses, boots小学阶段不规则动词am/is-was是 are-were是get-got到达，获得 go-went走，离去say-said说 buy-bought买swim-swam游泳 lose-lost丢失fly-flew飞 drive-drove开eat-ate吃 take-took拿走have-had具有 see-saw看leave-left离开 read-read读sing

5、-sang唱歌 do-did做feel-felt感觉 sit-sat坐wake-woke醒 put-put放set-set安放 sleep-slept睡觉come-came来 will-would将会tell-told告诉 write-wrote写send-sent送，派送（二）不可数名词的家务事1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2. 不可数名词不能与a/an或表示具体数量的词直接连用。3. 不可数名词前往往有some, any, a little等词，或用glass/piece + of等类似结构

6、。如：some water, a cup of tea用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.3. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.4. There are five_(people ) in his family.5. Lets take_(photo), OK? 6. I have lots of_(tomato) here.7. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.

7、8. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.9. They are_(woman) doctors.10. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please?三 名词所有格（一） 表示有生命的名词加s情况构成方法例子单数名词加sMike smother s 以s结尾的复数名词加girlsstudents不以s结尾的复数名词加smen s （二） 表示无生命的名词+ofof所有格用法：主要用于表示无生命的名词的所有关系。如：the gate of the school, the

8、picture of our school, a map of China.*注: 若一样东西为两人共有，则后一个人名用所有格，如：John and Mary s room（一间房）；如果不是两人共有，而是各自拥有，则两个名词都用所有格，如：John s and Mary s room（两间房）。趁热打铁一 请写出下列词的复数形式。city_ zoo_ country_tooth_ mouse_ boy _car_ tree_ sandwich _horse_ bus _ fox_branch_ baby_ family_country_radio_ photo_piano_ knife_ l

9、eaf_life_ thief _ man_woman_ child_ foot_this_ watch _ diary _day_ book _ dress _sheep _ box _ peach _strawberry _二 单选。( )1. The_inouryardareverybeautiful.A.clothB.waterC.flowers()2.TomisoneoftheChinese_inourschool.A.boyB.boysC.boies()3.Acathasfour_,doesntit?A.footsB.feetC.feets()4.Therearethree_and

10、five_intheroom.A. American,JapaneseBAmericans,JapaneseC.American,Japanese()5.Canyouseenine_inthepicture?A.fishB.bookC.horse()6.The_hastwo_.A.boy;watchB.boy;watchesC.boys;watch()7.The_areflyingbacktotheircountry.A.GermanyB.GermanysC.Germans()8.Thegirlbrushesher_everydaybeforehegoestobed.A.toothsB.tee

11、thC.teeths()9.Isawmany_inthestreet.A.peoplesB. peopleC. peoples()10.Thegreensweaterishis_.A. brotherB. brothersC. brothers()11. Theycomefromdifferent_A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys()12.Howmany_doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato()13.Theyare_.A.womanteachersB.womente

12、achersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher()14.Wouldyoulike_,please?A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassofwatersD.twoglassesofwaters()15.Mostof_livein_.A.Germans,GermanB.German,GermenC.Germen,GermanyD.Germans,Germany()16.Therearesome_inthese_.A.knifespencil-boxesB.knivespencils-boxC.knivespencil-b

13、oxD.knivespencils-boxes()17._like_byair.A.Greens,travellingB.TheGreen,travelingC.TheGreens,travelD.TheGreens,traveling()18.Iwonderwhy_areinterestedinactionfilms(武打片).A.thepeopleB.peopleC.peoplesD.thepeoples()19.Thereisno_intheplate.A.applesB.orangesC.riceD.eggs()20. Myunclehasthree_.A. childB. child

14、sC. childrenD. childrens()21.-HowsJoysskirt?-Herskirtismorebeautifulthan_.A. hersister sandKateB. hersisterandKateC. hersisterandKate sD. hersister sandKate s()22. Thisis_room.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A. Lucy sandLily s B. Lucy sandLily C. LucyandLily s()23. It sabout_walkfrommyhome.A.tenminute

15、B.tenminutes C.tenminute s D.tenminutes()24. EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa_tohisoffice.A.20minuteswalkB.20minute swalk C.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk()25. _mothersmadethemhavepianolessons.A.PeterandAnneB.PetersandAnnesC.PetersandAnneD.PeterandAnnes()26. Theroomontherightis_.A.her B.sheC.Lucys D.Lucy()

16、27.We llhavea_holiday.WhataboutgoingtotheWestLake?A.twodaysB.two-dayC.two-daysD.two-days()28. Themarketisn tfarfromhere.It sonly_bicycleride.A.halfanhoursB.halfanhoursC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf9Wheresyourfather?At_.A.MrGreensB.Mr.GreenC.theMr.Greens10Thetwinbrothersalwaysputsmallpresentsin_stockin

17、gsonChristmasDay.A.eachothersB.eachotherC.eachothersD.eachothers三填入所给名词的正确形式。1.Ihavetwo_(knife)2.Therearemany_here.(box)3.Therearemany_ontheroad.(bus)4.Afew_aredrawingonthewall.(boy)5.The_areplayingfootballnow.(child)6.Pleasetaketwo_forme.(photo)7.Ilikethered_.(tomato)8.Wouldyoupleasecleanyour_now?(

18、tooth)9.Doyouwantsome_?(milk)10.Thereareten_inourschool.(womanteacher)冠词冠词用在名词前，表示名词是特指还是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三种形式。1. 不定冠词的用法：不定冠词有a, an。其中，a用在发音以辅音音素开头的名词前，而an则用在以辅音因素开头的名词之前。如：a dog; an apple(1) 某人或某物第一次提到。如：There is a tree in front of my house.我的屋前有一棵树。I am reading an interesting storybook.我在读一本有趣

19、的故事书。(2) 表示一类人或物。如：A horse is useful to people.马对人类有用。2. 定冠词the的用法。(1) 某人或某物再次提到。如：There is a man in the classroom. The man is our English teacher.(2) 姓氏复数前表某人一家，后谓语动词用复数。如：The Smiths are watching TV at hoe now.(3) 江河湖海及山脉、景点前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean(4) 方位名词前。如：on the right/left; in th

20、e west/east of(5) 星球月亮前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth等。(6) 西方乐器前。如：play the (violin, piano, guitar)等。(7) 和形容词连用表示某一类人，后谓语动词用复数。如：The (poor, rich, young, old)are having lunch now.(8) 形容词最高级以及序数词前。如：the most interesting book, the first child in my family等。(9) 身体部位前。如：on the nose, in the face等。3. 零冠词的

21、用法。(1) 专有名词前。如：China, Beijing, London等。(2) 三餐前。如：It s time for breakfast.(3) 在季节、月份、星期、节日、球类运动、棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。(4) 当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词;by bus by train by car by air by bike by plane【典例】1. This is _ apple. It s _ big tree.A. An; a B. a; the C. an; an D. an; the2. _ elephant is one kind of anim

22、als.A. A B. An C. / D. The3. His father _ English teacher. He works in our school.A. a B. an C. the D. /4. How many books do you have?I have _ book. That s _ English book.A. a; an B. a; one C. one; an D. one; one5. _ Greens are my relatives（亲戚）.A. A B. The C. An D. /6. She has _ orange skirt. _ skir

23、t is nice.A. a; The B. an; The C. an; A D. the; The7. We can t see _ sun at _ night.A. the; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; /8. Does Tom often play _ violin after _ school?A. /; / B. /; the C. the; / D. a; /9. He is a good man because he often helps _ poor.A. a B. an C. the D. / 课后作业二、单选题( )1. The room

24、on the right is _. A. her B. she C. Lucys D. Lucy ( )2.We ll have a _ holiday. What about going to the West Lake? A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two-days ( )3. The market isn t far from here. It s only _ bicycle ride. A. half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half ( )

25、4.Wheres your father ? At _. A. Mr Greens B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Greens ( )5.The twin brothers always put small presents in _stockings on Christmas Day. A. each others B. each other C. each others D. each others( )6. What _ useful dictionary it is! A. a B. an C. the D. /( )7. They will go to the Gr

26、eat Wall if it _ tomorrow. A. isnt rain B. rains C. doesnt rain D. wont rain( )8. This box is _ heavy for me _ carry. A. too to B. to too C. to to D. too too ( )9. There _ an English film tomorrow evening. A. will have B. will has C. is going to have D. is going to be( )10.Birds _ when there isnt en

27、ough food for them A starve Bare starving Cstarved Dstarves( )11.I can see an apple _ the apple tree and a bird _ the banana tree. Aon, in Bin，in Con，on Din，on( )12.I have a red box. Its full _ toys，so its very _. Aof, light Bfor，big Clike，small Dof，heavy( )13.Your football shoes are under the chair

28、Please _. Aput away it Bput it away Cput away them Dput them away( )14.Moms in a bad _，so be nice to her Atime Btrouble C. manner Dmood 三、用所给词的适当形式填空1. - _ (not smoke) here. - Im sorry. -Can you see a sign on the wall? It means “No _ (smoke)”.2. Their father _ (swim) very fast. Look, he _ (swim) in

29、the sports hall now.3-Wheres my camera? -It _ (is) on the table a moment ago.4_ (do) Nancys brothers usually get up at six?5. There are a lot of books. Please put _ (they) into the library.6. -What can I do for you? -I want to have two _ (glass) of milk.7. Hearing the _ (excite) news, the students a

30、re getting _ (excite).8. Spring _(come) in March.9. She is good at_(dance) .10. He _(do) _(well) in PE than his brother.11. Jack_(have) a lot of questions.12. She often_ (go) to school by bus. But yesterday she _(go) to school on foot.13. Does Jim _(fly) kites higher than Tom? No, Tom _(fly) higher

31、than_(he).14. Who_ (do) homework faster, you or_(she)?15. Spring is _(good) season in Kunming.16. Look , the birds _(sing).17. They_(go) on an outing next week.18. He_(see) a short man just now.19. Do_(much)exercise, youll get_(strong).20. The weather _(get) warmer and warmer in spring.21. It often

32、_(rain) in summer.22. Its often _(rain) in summer.23. There_(be) a lot of snow in winter.24. Theres a _(sport) meeting in our school.25. Do you like_(make) puppets?26. Whose ears are _(big), _(you) or _(I)?27. Which city is_(hot),Nanjing or Shanghai?四、完形精练 John sent for a doctor because his wife was

33、 ill. He called the doctor and made sure they _41_ meet at five. He arrived at the doctors at twenty _42_ five. He thought, “ Its a little bit earlier. Ill wait for a moment. Its good _43_ there on time.” _44_ he stopped his car in front of the doctors. He _45_ and saw a noisy square not far from he

34、re. He went there and sat down on a chair to enjoy the last light of afternoon sun and _46_ himself quiet. He saw some children playing and some women talking to each other happily. Suddenly he _47_ a girl crying. He came up to her and asked some questions. Then he knew she got lost. John tried to f

35、ind out her _48_ and took her home. The girls parents were very thankful. Then John hurried to the doctors. When the doctor saw him, he was very _49_ and said, “Youre late. Why did you keep me waiting for twenty minutes?” John said _50_ except one wordsorry.41. A. should B. shall C. would D. will42.

36、 A. past B. to C. of D. after43. A. to arrived at B. to get C. to leave D. to ride44. A. Every time B. From now on C. Before D. Then45. A. looked for B. looked after C. looked at D. looked around46. A. made B. let C . had D. felt47. A. hears B. was hearing C. heard D. would hear48. A. name B. school

37、 C. age D. address49. A. polite B. angry C. happy D. kind50 .A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing五、阅读理解(A)Mr.White looks out of his windowThere is a boy at the other side of the streetThe boy takes some bread out of a bag and begins eating itThere is a very thin dog in the street, tooTh

38、e boy says to it, “Ill give you some bread.” The dog is hungry and goes to the boy, but he does not give it any breadHe kicks the dogIt runs away, and the boy laughsThen Mr.White comes out of his house and says to the boy“Ill give you a shilling (先令).”The boy is happy and says，“Yes.”“Come here.” Mr.

39、White saysThe boy goes to him，but Mr.White does not give him a shillingHe hits him with a stick. The boy cries and says, “Why do you hit me? I do not ask you for any money.” “No,” Mr.White says，“And the dog does not ask you for any bread，but you kick it.”1Where is Mr.White at first? AHe is in the ro

40、om BHe is in the street CHe is in front of the house DHe stands close to the boy2Why does the dog go to the boy? Because_ Ait wants to eat Bthe boy asks it to do so Cthe boy is the dogs owner Dthe boy is friendly to it3Why does the dog run away? Because_ Athe boy gives some bread Bthe dog doesnt lik

41、e bread Cthe dog doesnt like the boy Dthe boy kicks the dog4Why does Mr.White tell the boy to come up to him? Because he wants to_ Agive him a shilling Bgive him a good lesson(教训) Cgive him some more bread Dhelp the boy5What kind of man do you think Mr.White is? He is a _man Acruel (粗鲁的) Bsympatheti

42、c (富有同情心的) Cfriendly Dpolite (有礼貌的)(B)In 1834, the clock tower in London was burned down. People planned to buil d a new clock which would be the biggest and the best in the world. So the clock had to be big and keep very good time. Several years later the tower was finished. The people put the big

43、clock in the tower, and made it ring out for the first time onJuly 11, 1859. In order to give the big clock a good name, people held a meeting. Someone wanted to call it the Queen of Bells , and someone thought Victoria was good . At last, a man named Benjamin Hall stood up. He was a big man. Before

44、 he started to speak, someone shouted, “Why not call it Big Ben?” Everybody laughed and agreed with him. From then on, Big Ben became its name. And it also became a famous building of London. People all over the world write to Big Ben. They even send bottles of oil to help keep Big Ben running. Big

45、Ben is not only a clock but also a dear friend of people. () 46. Big Bens birthday is _. A. July 11, 1854 B. July 11, 1834 C. July 11 1859 D. July 11, 1852() 47. How did Big Ben get its name? ABenjamin Hall gave it the name. BBig Ben got its name because of a joke. CBig Ben got its name from the Que

46、en of the UK DVictoria gave it the name.() 48. “Keep very good time” means _ Ahave a good time Bshow people the correct time. Ckeep running Dbe made in time() 49. Which of the following is NOT true? APeople all over the world look upon Big Ben as their friends. BPeople all over the world even send o

47、il to Big Ben. CPeople think Big Ben will reply their letters. DPeople think Big Ben is the biggest and the best clock in the world.() 50. Benjamin Hall is _. A. a man who built Big Ben B. a man who was always very funny Cthe man who burnt down the old clock Da man who attended the meeting which was held to make a name for the big clock