小升初语法专题讲练第7讲：代词（二）.docx

1、小升初语法第7讲：代词（二）知识点讲解与考题精练（有答案）【知识点1】不定代词没有明确制定代替某个（些）人或物的词叫不定代词。1 常见的不定代词如下some一些any任何的few很少little很少many许多much许多either任何一个neither两个都不every每个another另一个one一个both 两个都each每个other(s)其它none一个没有2 常考不定代词及词组用法辨析 some/any的用法含义：都有“一些”的意思，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。用法区别例句somesome一般用于肯定句；但在疑问句中若要表示请求、建议、征求某人意见时，用someTh

2、ere are some books in the desk. Would you like some more coffee? anyany多用于否定句和疑问句中，分别表示“一些，任何”There arent any books in the desk.Do you have any questions? many/much的用法含义：都意为“许多”用法区别例句many+ 可数名词How many people are there in your family?much+ 不可数名词How much time has we left?注意：“many”和“much”前可有so, too等词进

3、行修饰。如：There are too many mistakes in your diary. every与each的用法用法区别例句each“每个”，强调个体，可单独使用，着重“个别”用于两者或两者以上的每一个人或物There are trees and flowers on each side of the streetEach of us wears a yellow T-shirt.every“每一个”，强调整体，不可单独使用，着重“全体”毫无例外，用于三者或三者以上的每一个人或物Every student has read a story.注意：There are stores o

4、n every side of the street. （） There are stores on each side of the street. （）街道只有两遍，所以要用each few/a few/little/a little的用法修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词含义fewlittle否定含义，几乎没有a fewa little肯定含义，还有一点例：He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 both, either, neither, all, every, none的用法使用范围单词中文释义例句 两个人或物both

5、“两者都”常与and 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用复数Both of the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。either两者中任何一个Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。neither两者都不Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。 三者及以上all“所有的，全部”，与可数或不可数名词连用。all作主语指物时，谓语动词用单数；指人时，一般用复数。All is ready. （指物）一切都准备好了。All are here, Lets have a meeting.（指人）所有人都

6、到齐了，我们开会吧！every每一Every student is here. 每一个学生都在这了。none都不Noneofthestudentscametoschoollate学生们都没有迟到。both. and. 意为“两者都”，作主语谓语动词用复数。either. or. 意为“不是就是”或“要么要么”neither. nor. 意为“既不也不”“either. or.”和”neither.nor.”作主语要用就近原则,即：谓语动词和哪个主语靠得近，就和哪个主语的数量保持一致。如： Both you and he are students. 你和他都是学生。Neither you nor

7、 he is a student. 你和他都不是学生。Either you or I am right. 要么你对要么我对。 “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others”的用法易混淆词范围含义other泛指其他的the other(one,the other)= 2另一个another 3另一个others = other+名词复数剩余非全部其他的the others剩余全部其他的other：“其他的”，other + 可数名词复数“其他的” 例：Show me other pictures. 再拿其他的图片给我看。the other：“另一个”，指的是两个

8、中的另一个。（特指）常与one搭配，one. the other 例：I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red.another：“另一个”，指的是三个或三个以上的另一个。（泛指） 例：I dont like this green pencil, please give me another one.others：“其他的”,相当于other+可数名词复数。常与some搭配，“some, others”句型。 例：We should think of others. 我们应该多为别人着想。the others：“其余那些人/物”，特指

9、某范围内的“其他的人/物”，= the other + 可数名词复数。 例：There are 20 students in the classroom. Some like dancing, some like singing, and others like sports.记忆技巧： 3 复合不定代词由some-, any-, no-, every-，加上-body/ -one指代人或-thing指代物所构成的复合不定代词。如：thingonebodysome-something某事；某物someone有人；某人somebody有人；某人any-anything任何事anyone任何人an

10、ybody任何人every-everything每件事everyone每个人everybody每个人；人人no-nothing无事；无物no one没有人nobody无人；没有人这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。 注意：l 复合不定词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Everyone is here. 大家都在这儿。（大家都到齐了。）Something is wrong with my watch.我的手表出问题了。Someone has been here before.以前有人到过这里。l 含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别（与some和any的

11、区别一样） something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事。Do you have anything to say？你有话要说吗？I cant see anything in the room. 我在房间里看不到任何东西。 在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示范文的文具中，也用something, someone, somebody等复合不定代词。W

12、ould you like something to eat?要些吃的东西吗？Isnt there something wrong with you?难道你没问题吗？ 当anything表示“任何事/物，无论何事/物”，anyone, anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。如：Anything is OK. 什么都行。Anybody knows the answer. 任何人都知道答案。l 当主句的主语是指人的复合不定代词everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反意疑问句主语通常用代词they；当主句中的主语是指物复合不定代词，如everyth

13、ing, anything, nothing, something等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用it。如：Everybody is here, arent they? 大家都在这，是吗？Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切都准备好了，是吗？l 当形容词或else(另外) 修饰复合不定代词something, everything, everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。如：Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you. 小明，我有重要的事情要告诉你。We need someone el

14、se. 我们还需要一些人。l 含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时，-s属格应加在else之后。如：Can you remember someone elses name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗？代词专项训练（二）一、单项选择。( )1.My mum bought a new bike for .A.theirs B.they C.me D.I( )2.Is this book ？A.you B.your C.I D.yours( )3. keys are mine. Those are yours.A.This B.Those C.That D.These( )4.Plea

15、se give your pen. pen isnt here.A.I;My B.mine;I C.me;Mine D.me;My( )5.-Are those books?-No,they are .A.your;mine B.hers;mine C.you;hers D.your;hers( )6.Yesterday I saw enjoy in the park.A.her;hers B.they;them C.she;herself D.them;themselves( )7.-Would you like bananas?-Bananas?Sorry,I dont want bana

16、nas.A.any;some B.any;any C.some;any D.some;some( )8.-Would you like oranges?-No,thanks.I want to have pears.A.some;some B.any;any C.some;any D.any;some( )9.You should make a kite . This one is .A.yourself;my B.yourself;mine C.yourself;myself D.you;mine( )l0.Mrs.Green is my English teacher. is from E

17、ngland.A.He B.She C.Her( )11.Dont you let help you?A.he B.she C.her( )12.Mikes fish is smaller than .A.you B.your C.yours( )13.That book is .A.my B.mine C.me( )14.-Excuse me!Do you have crayons?-Yes.Ill show you.A.much B.any C.a( )15.There is not time left(剩下的).A.few B.many C.much( )16.Tony is .A.on

18、e of my friend B.one of my friends C.one of mine( )17.Mum, is my friend,Li Lei. Li Lei, is my mother.A.he;she B.she;he C.this;this( )18. are shoes.A.This;Johns B.These;John C.These;Johns( )19.These are my football shoes.Where are ？A.you B.yours C.yourself D.yourselves二、用括号里所给单词的正确形式填空。1.This is (I)

19、sister.2.My uncle is a worker. (him) works near here.3.Please help (they) do some homework.4.- (who) comb is this?-Its (she), I think.5.Ping-pong is (I) favourite sport.6.Can you help (he)with (he) Maths?7.-Whose magazines are these?-Theyre (my).8. (I)is blue, and this one is gray.9. (they)teach me

20、Chinese, and I teach (they)English.10.Danny and I like green. (we)favourite colour is green.参考答案1. C2. D3. D4. D5. D6. D【解析】enjoy oneself的意思是“过得快乐”，所以第二条横线上填反身代词，可以排除A、B项。ee sb. do sth.的意思是“看见某人做某事”，此时的“sb”要用主格，排除D项，them是宾格。7. C8. A9. B10. B11. C12. C13. B14. B【解析】any表示“一些”时，用于否定句和疑问句。15. C【解析】time是不可数名词，只有much可以修饰time。16. B【解析】one of表示“.其中之一”，后面跟可数名词复数。17. C18. C19. B二、1.my 2.He 3.them 4.Whose; hers 5.my 6.him; his 7.mine 8.Mine 9.They;them 10.Our