2022届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 自然灾害与防范安全常识与自我保护练习（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

1、自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)survivalhurricane sandstorm natural volcano snowstorm tornado tsunami landslide drought fierce dangerous changeable terrify panic worsen victim catastrophe disappearance surround (二)主题词汇训练.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思1The drought has severely disrupted

2、 agricultural production.干旱2Theres no point getting into a panic about the exams.恐慌3Driving at high speeds in the median of a highway will terrify drivers in both lanes.惊吓4The president warned people that if war broke out, it would be a catastrophe.灾难5The total number of victims of the bus bomb in t

3、his area was astonishing.受害者6The weather system included the states deadliest tornado in a decade.龙卷风7The storm caused landslides and flooding in Savona.滑坡8The hurricane is moving to the west at about 18 miles per hour.飓风.单句语法填空1Hearing the dog barking fiercely (fierce), away fled the thief.2Those b

4、acteria can increase the chance of a heart attack and worsen (worse) the effects of other diseases.3We have been cutting down too many trees, which causes birds and animals to lose their natural (nature) habitats.4How do you account for the sudden disappearance (disappear) of the animal?5School chil

5、dren must be taught how to deal with dangerous(danger) situations.6In England, the changeable (change)weather is a topic which is much talked about.7Our new surroundings (surround) are a lot more friendly than we expected.8As we know, exporting is necessary for our economic survival (survive)二、主题语篇押

6、题练.阅读理解Earthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing. Their designers say with these robots, rescuers will be able to buy more time to save lives during an earthquake.This robot, looking like a helicopter, is called the detector (探测器) bot. At about 4 metres long, it took abo

7、ut 4 years to develop the model. Its main functions are to collect information from the air, and deliver goods of up to 30 kilos to people trapped by an earthquake.This robot is equipped with a high 360degree panoramic (全景的) camera. It can work day and night and also be able to send the latest pictu

8、res from the quake area.Dr Qi Juntong, from Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, “The most important feature of this robot is that it doesnt need distant control. We just set the information on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itself. It flies as high as 3,000 metres, and as fast as 100 kilomet

9、res per hour.”This robot has a different function it can change as the environment changes. Its main job is to search for any signs of life in places where human rescuers cant go.The robot is equipped with a camera that can work in the dark, as well as a detector that not only finds people, but can

10、also detect poisonous gas. Another use for the rescuers is the supply bot, with its 10metrelong pipe. People trapped in the ruins will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.Experts have said that the robots will be produced, and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as

11、soon as next year.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。1We can learn from the passage that the earthquake rescue robot .Ais unable to deliver goodsBis designed to predict the earthquakeCcan send pictures even at nightDcan be used to clear away poisonous gas解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这款机器人会全天候24小时工作，也就是说，即使在夜晚它也可以发送照片。2Acc

12、ording to Dr Qi Juntong, the earthquake rescue robot .Ahas a unique shapeBhas more functionsCis equipped with more advanced camerasDcan work by itself once given the information解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段可知，这款机器人不需要远程遥控，在设定信息后它可以自行工作。3The robot can find people in an earthquake with the help of .Aa remote contr

13、ol Ba detectorCa long pipe Da helicopter解析：选B细节理解题。根据第六段可知，这款机器人上的探测器可在地震灾区寻找人。4What is the passage mainly about?ASome information about earthquakes.BHow to build earthquake rescue robots.CAn introduction to a kind of earthquake rescue robots.DDifferent earthquake rescue robots in the world.解析：选C主旨大

14、意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。.完形填空For many people, barbecues are a chance to enjoy a meal with family and friends. For Stan Hays, barbecuing is a passion (酷爱的事物) that he puts to the 1 at weekend competitions. 2 ， when disaster strikes, Hays uses his skills to 3 people in need. Since 2011, his nonprofi

15、t, Operation BBQ Relief, has prepared more than 1.75 million meals for 4 .How amazing it is! The 5 effort began in May 2011, when a terrible tornado hit Joplin, Missouri, about twoandahalf hours from Hays home. His wife urged him to 6 . So, he put out the 7 to his barbecue buddies (伙计) and headed do

16、wn with his portable (便携的) smoker.“We 8 wed be there three to four days, serving maybe 5,000 meals，”Hays said.“But the need was there, and the 9 kept coming in.”Hays believes that the food they prepare keeps disaster survivors 10 both physically and mentally.“Barbecue is 11 food，”Hays said.“If you j

17、ust 12 your house or a loved one just left you, and you get a 13 meal that reminds you of the warmth you felt in your family backyard BBQs and makes you 14 the bad things in your life, it is 15 for me. We are not only giving them something nutritious, but we are giving them a state of being 16 .”“Fo

18、r me, the 17 thing is people coming together. Seeing the people working and 18 the effect the meals are producing it cant help but bring a smile to your face, maybe a 19 to your eye. At the end of the day, youve done something thats made a 20 ，” said Hays.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。Stan Hays用烧烤来抚慰灾后生还者的心灵。1A.actio

19、nBtestCend Dwork解析：选B根据本句中的“passion”及“at weekend competitions”可知，Stan Hays将烧烤事业视为挚爱，在周末举办的烧烤竞赛中，一试身手。put sth.to the test意为“使受检验”。2A.However BThereforeCOtherwise DUsually解析：选A本空所在句与第一段的最后一句语意上是转折关系，故填However。3A.save BpersuadeCfeed Dteach解析：选CStan Hays用烧烤为人们提供食物。feed sb.意为“给某人食物”。4A.volunteers Bfriend

20、sCsurvivors Dneighbors解析：选C本空所填词是第三段“disaster survivors”中的survivors的原词复现。5A.unique BextraCconfident Dbrave解析：选AStan Hays用烧烤救灾的方式可谓“独树一帜(unique)”。6A.change BimproveCimagine Dhelp解析：选D根据上文“when a terrible tornado hit Joplin, Missouri, about twoandahalf hours from Hays home”可知，飓风侵袭之地距Hays家只有两个半小时的车程之遥，

21、Stan Hays的妻子敦促他前去“帮助(help)”。7A.goal BwordCcomment Dadvertisement解析：选B根据下文中的“wed be there three to four days, serving maybe 5,000 meals”可知，Stan Hays向一起经营烧烤事业的伙伴们传了“话(word)”，召集他们一起救灾，然后就奔赴灾后一线。8A.suggested BrealizedCexpected Dthought解析：选D根据下文“But the need was there . kept coming in”可知，Stan Hays一行人“原以为

22、(thought)”他们也就在救灾现场待三到四天。9A.demands BquestionsCsupplies Dorders解析：选Cneed与supplies构成对应。10A.patient BwellCquiet Dproud解析：选B根据本句中的“both physically and mentally”可知，Stan Hays认为他们提供的食物使得灾后生还人员从精神和身体上都保持了“健康的(well)”状态。11A.comfort BdietCsafe Dfamous解析：选A根据上文的“mentally”可知，Stan Hays说道，“烧烤是一种慰藉(comfort)食物。”12A

23、.decorated BbuiltCmoved Dlost解析：选D根据上文中的“disaster”可知，灾难使人们“失去(lost)”了房子。13A.hot BheavyCsimple Dtraditional解析：选A根据下文中的“the warmth you felt in your family backyard BBQs”可知，如果得到一种“热气腾腾的(hot)”食物。14A.talk about Bforget aboutCworry about Dlearn about解析：选B本空所填词与本句中的“reminds you of”形成对应。15A.suitable Bcreati

24、veCconvenient Dworthwhile解析：选DStan Hays说道，“人们吃到这顿热气腾腾的饭后，若能记起自家后院里家庭烧烤时的温情，忘却生活中糟糕的事情，自己所做之事就是值得的(worthwhile)。”16A.normal BsilentChumorous Dpitiful解析：选A根据上文的“mentally”可知，Stan Hays补充道，“我们不仅仅给人们提供有营养的食物，我们还想给予他们一丝生活的常态感(state of being normal)。”17A.difficult BgreatestCstrangest Dlucky解析：选B根据本空后的“people

25、 coming together”“the effect the meals are producing”“ bring a smile to your face”可知，此处Stan Hays谈的是自己所做之事的意义所在，故选greatest。18A.ignoring BmeasuringCknowing Dpredicting解析：选CStan Hays又说道，“看到一群人一起工作，明白(knowing)这些食物所带来的影响力，不自觉地你的脸上就会充满笑意。”19A.pain BburnCtear Dcuriosity解析：选C本空所填词与本句中的smile形成对应。20A.promise BruleCdecision Ddifference解析：选D上文中的effect提示了本空。make a difference意为“有影响”。