2022届高考英语人教版一轮主题训练：必修⑤ UNIT 1 科技发展与信息技术创新科学精神信息安全 WORD版含解析.doc

1、课下主题训练 科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)qualification devoted design development consider responsibility honor charge reliable inventor creative establishment potential inspiration diligent apply undertake organization determined accurate (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)inventor,

2、development, organization, honored, qualification, inspiration, responsibility, design, establishment , determined1Those who score in the top 10%(about 10,000 kids)have the qualification to apply.2First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees.3The establishment of “Vict

3、ory Day” highlights Beijings commitment to peaceful development and the importance of acknowledging the past.4However, according to the organization, the product contains a lot of sugar, which could actually lead to many health problems.5Filled with recipes, entertaining ideas, healthy meals and pho

4、tographs of every dish, youll find plenty of inspiration inside each issue.6Im honored that you show great interest in our traditional culture.7To answer this question, the researchers designed two studies.8This is why vehicletovehicle communication is undergoing rapid development.单句语法填空1Staff will

5、lead games and creative (create) activities for our campers, with them during mealtimes.2Meades boss said she was really reliable (rely) when she worked and that she got along with others.3Edison was famous as a great inventor (invent)4Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy.5Newton is

6、 considered(consider) as one of the greatest scientists in history for his discovery of universal gravitation and the three laws of motion.6Last week, my friend applied for working as a volunteer. 7I was in charge of showing some foreign friends around our city. 8His determined (determine) look show

7、ed that he had made up his mind.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思1Its surprising that such a young student should undertake this type of project.承担2The first of these in the field of botany were the herbals.领域3These potential effects must be examined carefully.潜在的4He is so diligent that he never goes anywhere without

8、 a book.勤奋的二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解AVinegar is great. It makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even clean your windows with it. And now, according to scientists, it may even help the planets population to ease hunger.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS

9、) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower.The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ab

10、ility to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in droughtlike conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate(醋酸盐) the main component of vinegar.After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stop

11、ped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died. Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops ali

12、ve.Jong Myong Kim, coauthor of the study, told Popular Science magazine that hes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and costeffective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners.Although at this point keeping

13、 thirsty plants alive isnt as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. “Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method to apply this system.” he said.And for those of us who

14、always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了醋可以使植物在干旱的环境中生存，从而解决因粮食而造成的饥饿问题。1. What is mentioned as a feature of the Arabidopsis?AIt produces acetate in wet

15、 conditions.BIt is mainly composed of acetate.CIt can survive in nowhere but desert.DIt can be tolerant of drought.解析：选D细节理解题。由第四段可知，Arabidopsis的特点是可以忍受干旱，选D。2. The scientists experimented further in order to .Afind a simple way of keeping the crops of farmers aliveBadd acetate to the soils of other

16、 plants to stop wateringCcheck the effectiveness of the acetate to resist droughtDtreat the driedup plants by adding acetate to them解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章第四段的理解，可以得知进一步实验的目的是为了检验把醋酸盐添加到植物中就能增加植物耐旱能力的有效性，选C。3. What is the authors attitude to the discovery?AObjective.BUnsupportive.CIndifferent. DOptimistic.解

17、析：选D观点态度题。由最后一段可知，作者持乐观态度。objective “客观的”；unsupportive“不支持的”；indifferent “冷漠的”；optimistic“乐观的”，选D。4. What may be the best title for the text?AVinegar could end hungerBVinegar keeps plants living foreverCHow to survive climate changeDAdvantages and functions of vinegar解析：选A标题归纳题。由全文的主题句“And now, acco

18、rding to scientists, it may even help the planets population to ease hunger.”可知，这篇文章主要讲了醋可以使植物在干旱的环境中生存，从而解决因粮食而造成的饥饿问题，选A。BWe can have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain.But communicating with a submarine (潜

19、艇) or a diver is not so easy.The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater airborne (空气传播的) devices has long been a frustration for scientists.The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar signals used by underwater

20、sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching the air.Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication.“What weve shown is that its actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，” says Fadel Adib, a professor a

21、t MITs Media Lab, who led the research.The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface，making vibrations (震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data.A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations.The researchers call the

22、 system TARF.It has any number of potential realworld uses，Adib says.It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a planes black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.Right now the technology is lowresolution.The initial study

23、 was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet.The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions high waves, storms, schools of fish.They also want to see if they can make the technology work in th

24、e other direction air to water.If the technology proves successful in realworld conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项麻省理工学院的科学家发明的从水下与地面上的人进行通信的技术。5What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1 ?AThe future of video chat underwate

25、r and in air.BThe frustrations of developing underwater devices.CThe difficulty of communication from water to air.DThe current situation of communicating with a submarine.解析：选C段落大意题。通读第一段的内容可知，该段主要讲的是从水下与地面的人进行通信非常困难，因此C项正确。6What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?AAchievable. BConvenient.CCh

26、angeable. DAlternative.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed . underwater communication”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种可能改变水下通信的方法，使从水下与地面上的人进行沟通成为可能，故画线词与A项“可实现的”意思最相近，故选A。7What do we know about TARF?AIt is widely used to find downed planes.BIt can work well at great depths underwater. CIt

27、is an underwater machine that sends signals. DIt can send, receive and read signals from underwater.解析：选D推理判断题。文章第三段详细讲述了TARF系统的工作原理：该系统使用一个水下机器向水面发送声呐信号，使震动与数据的1和0对应，然后水面接收器读取并对这些微小的震动进行重新编码，这样可以在水下与地面上的人进行通信。因此D项正确。8What is the best title for the text?AThe Realworld Uses of Sonar TechnologyBFull W

28、atertoair Communication Closer to RealityCA Breakthrough in the Application of Video ChatDTARF Becoming a New Means of Communication解析：选B标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发明的一种解决了在水下与地面上的人无法进行通信联系这个难题的系统，研究人员将会把它投入到真实的状况下进行验证，因此B项最适合做本文标题。.阅读七选五A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed

29、at which it heals (痊愈). Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent faster than those at night.The study showed how the bodies circadian rhythm (昼夜节律) controlled the healing of wounds. 1 It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a circle a series of activities that repeat thems

30、elves day after day. 2 In the study, researchers found that skin cells moved faster to repair wounds suffered during the day. Their findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.The researchers examined cells, mice, and burn injury databases. 3 Nighttime burns burns suffered

31、between 8 oclock at night and 8 oclock the next morning were 95 percent healed after an average of 28 days. But after an average of 17 days, daytime burns burns suffered between 8 oclock in the morning and 8 at night were 95 percent healed. 4 Wounds are very costly to treat. 5 In Britains National H

32、ealth Services, for example, such services cost around 6.56 billion per year. Experts say the high costs result, in part, from a lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds.A. Each cycle lasts about 24 hours.BThe circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer.CSpecifically, their investigation foun

33、d the following information.DThe new studys findings could help scientists develop better drugs.EIn other words, nighttime injuries took an average of 11 days longer to heal.FWorldwide, billions of dollars are spent every year on woundtreatment services.GThats what a group of researchers from a univ

34、ersity in Canada recently published.语篇解读：本文介绍了一项科学研究。研究表明在白天受的伤比在夜晚受的伤愈合得更快。1选B根据空后信息可知，此处作者强调昼夜节律有很强的周期性，B项衔接前句，符合语境，表明昼夜节律像时钟或者计时器一样。2选A根据空前句中的 “a cycle a series of activities are repeated day after day”可知，此周期每天循环，由此可判断周期时长为24小时，故选A。3选C空前句提到研究人员研究分析了烧伤数据库，下文谈到调查研究结果，由此判断C项符合语境。4选E由上文信息可知，夜晚受的烧伤修复需

35、要28天的周期， 而白天受的烧伤修复只需要17天。因此可以判断，夜晚修复的平均周期比白天长11天，故E项符合语境。5选F根据空前句可知，创伤治疗费用高，后文举例“such services cost around 6.56 billion”说明治疗费用不菲，因此F项符合语境。.语法填空Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life, he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons. He taught 1 the love of wisdom, not for money. And 2 he h

36、ad to say was always new and worth hearing. All his pupils loved him.But his unusual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some 3 (danger) enemies. The rulers did not want to be questioned. So they 4 (false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and

37、5 (lead) them to ignore religion. In fact Socrates was a very religious man. His enemies had him 6 (arrest), and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.During the 30 days before he was put to death, his friends and pupils 7 (allow) to visit him in his prison. They were astonished to find that 8 was

38、calm and cheerful. He had no fear of dying. When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates, his friends were in 9 (tear), but Socrates seemed to be the 10 (brave) man in the room. He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了著名学者苏格拉底的故事。1for考查介词。由“n

39、ot for money”可知，此处应用介词for，表示“为了”。2what考查名词性从句。what 引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语。3dangerous考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous修饰名词enemies。4falsely考查副词。此处用副词falsely修饰动词accused。5leading考查非谓语动词。根据语境及and可知，空处与动名词teaching 并列，故用动名词leading作介词of的宾语。6arrested考查非谓语动词。arrest和句子谓语had之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且与其逻辑主语him构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。7were allowed考查动词时态和语态。根据“was put”可知，此处表示发生在过去的事情，且allow与句子主语his friends and pupils 构成动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，即were allowed。8he考查代词。根据空后一句“He had no fear of dying”可知，此处表示苏格拉底死前很平静，故用人称代词he作宾语从句的主语。9tears考查名词复数。in tears意为“哭泣，流泪”，为固定搭配，故用名词的复数形式。10bravest考查形容词最高级。根据语境和空前的the可知，此处表示“最勇敢的人”，故用形容词最高级bravest。